Ion Drive Engine

Presented by

CHANDRAPRAKASHS-7 mechanicalRoll no – 16Register no-10418016

prs

cet

Seminar on ion drive engine

Chemical thrusters

• Chemical thrusters such as fuels can’t give much power for a long mission

• Its is unreliable , that it needs frequent refueling

Solar energy

• Solar energy is abundantly available in space, but cant utilize it completely

asteroids

• Fast moving shuttles are needed• A sustainable energy conversion system have to find out

The challenges in the field of space mission

High power engine

What are the present objectives ?

Why an ion engine ?

Efficient use of fuel and electrical power enables modern space craft to travel more

Can provide higher spacecraft top speeds than any other rocket currently available.

Cheaper and faster than any other propulsion technology

What is an ion ?

• Ion is simply an atom or molecule that is electrically charged

• Ionization is the process of charging an atom

• A gas is considered as ionized when some or all atoms are converted to ion

• Plasma is known as the fourth state and in that state gas is neutral

• It has the some properties of gas , but affected with magnetic and electrical properties

• The mechanism uses charged particles to propel aircrafts forward

• Operation relies on charge to mass ratio of electrons

• Thomason's work with cathode ray tube

• A cathode filament in a chamber with inert gases

How does it works?

• The gases are charged by filament

• Accelerated by the grid downstream

• Electrons are collected through a tube

• The second grid accelerates the ion to 35km/s^2

Layout of a thruster

Multi inlet

Propellant at three corners

External source

Anodes placed in walls

Layout 2

Why neutralize the ions

Xenon is an inert gas and thus corrosion can be avoided

First Ionization energy of xenon is .125eV/atom

Have high charge to mass ratio. (7.14 x 10^5 coul/kg)

Why xenon is using?

Power source

Power processor

Ion thruster

sensors

Schematic diagram

Electrostatic ion thrust

Hall effect thruster

High power electric propulsion

Dual stage 4- grid

Electrodeless plasma thruster

Types of ion drive

ELECTROSTATIC ION THRUST

Made by Hughes space division

Owned by Boeing corp.

Uses xenon ions

Acceleration of 30km/s

Ten times faster than chemical rockets

HALL EFFECT THRUSTER

Known as plasma thruster

Uses hall effect to capture electron

Ionization

Soviet model was successful

No need of external energy source

Hall effect thruster

High power electric propulsion

Uses microwaves and magnetic field for excitation

Effective for low changing density gases to plasma

NASA believes by removing the cathode and equalizer , mean life can increased

Projected to use in Jupiter missions .

Acceleration of 38km/s^2

Two stages of acceleration

Better throttling

Low wastage of energy

It can attain 210 km/s

It’s a contribution of European space agency

Mission mars

Dual stage 4- grid

Similar to HET

EPT doesn’t have an electrode to collect electrons.

Reduces failure rate and there are no mechanical part in the stream.

Because the ion is accelerated by magnetic field , no neutralizer is used.

Energy needed for thruster is minimum

This increases efficiency up to 91%

Electrode less plasma thruster

• first design ion engines at rear ends

• Maximum carriage of people.

• Have a speed of commercial aircraft(approx 500-600 MPH)

Design aspects of shuttle

More streamlined bodyIon thruster placed belowSolar panels are placed above the shuttleAchievement of maximum solar powerThe design allows more speed, but low

payloads

Design 2

Use of liquid nitrogen

Passed through porous in to system

Cool down the tile and adhesives

We need to improve the techniques

New adhesives have to be implemented

Storage of liquid nitrogen.

Cooling system

Ion drive in some form or fashion will be the future of space exploration.

It took 30 years for the development of idea

The new engine by nasa, says it can take humans to mars in 39 days

Can think about vehicles in earth with ion engine as a booster

conclusion

Think and enlighten with plasma power.

Any questions ?

Contact number = 9995404785

^ Electric Spacecraft Propulsion, Electric versus Chemical Propulsion, ESA Science & Technology ^ a b E. Y. Choueiri. "A Critical History of Electric Propulsion: The First 50 Years (1906–1956)". Retrieved

2007-11-07.  ^ Mark Wright, April 6, 1999, science.nasa.gov, Ion Propulsion 50 years in the making ^ "Robert H. Goddard: American Rocket Pioneer". Smithsonian Scrapbook.

Smithsonian Institution Archives. Retrieved 28 March 2012.  ^ a b

"Innovative Engines - Glenn Ion Propulsion Research Tames the Challenges of 21st Century Space Travel". Retrieved 2007-11-19. 

^ (Russian) "Native Electric Propulsion Engines Today" (7). Novosti Kosmonavtiki. 1999. Archived from the original on 6 June 2011. 

^ a b c d Shiga, David (2007-09-28). "Next-generation ion engine sets new thrust record". NewScientist. Retrieved 2011-02-02. 

^ "ESA and ANU make space propulsion breakthrough" (Press release). ESA. 2006-01-11. Retrieved 2007-06-29. 

^ ANU Space Plasma, Power & Propulsion Group (SP3) (2006-12-06). "ANU and ESA make space propulsion breakthrough". DS4G Web Story. The Australian National University. Archived from the original on 2007-06-27. Retrieved 2007-06-30. 

^ Oleson, S. R., & Sankovic, J. M. "Advanced Hall Electric Propulsion for Future In-Space Transportation". Retrieved 2007-11-21. 

^ "FEEP - Field Emission Electric Propulsion". Retrieved 2012-04-27.  ^ a b c Marcuccio, S., et al. "Experimental Performance of Field Emission Microthrusters". Retrieved

2012-04-27.  ^ ElectroHydroDynamic Thrusters (EHDT), RMCybernetics.

References

The Daily Galaxy: NASA Trumps Star Trek: Ion Drive Live! (April 13, 2009)

The Daily Galaxy: The Ultimate Space Gadget: NASA's Ion Drive Live! (July 7, 2009)

Mason, L. (2000, April). 4.5-kW Hall Effect Thruster Evaluated. Retrieved December 13, 2006, from http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/RT1999/5000/5430mason.html/Hall Effect. (2006, December 12). Retrieved December 13,2006, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hall_effectWhat's a Hall Thruster?. (n.d.).

Articles and journals

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