istanbuldevelopment / z.dokayo 2012 URBAN TRANSFORMATION OF ISTANBUL ISTANBUL DEVELOPMENT INVESTMENT GUIDE
istanbuldevelopment / z.dokayo
2012
URBAN TRANSFORMATION OF
ISTANBUL
ISTANBUL DEVELOPMENT INVESTMENT GUIDE
• General Information
• The Overview of 1/100.000 Scaled Plan
• Special Project Areas With High Transformation Potential
• Other Transformation Projects (Waterfront Projects)
• New Regulations
• Earthquake Based Urban Transformation (By New Regulations)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
General Information
1
New York
Tokyo
London
Istanbul
Location of Istanbul
Introduction of Istanbul
Istanbul
Europe
Africa
Middle EastMediterranean
Country Turkey
Region Marmara
Province Istanbul
Number of Districts 39
Area 5,343 km² (2,063 sq mi)
Population 13,483,052
Density 2,523/km² (6,535/sq mi)
LakesMajor Rivers
BlackSea
Marmara Sea
Bosphorus
Golden Horn
Asia
Europe
Historical Peninsula
(Old City)
Northern Forests Zones
Natural Features
BlackSea
Marmara Sea
Asia
Europe
Q
E-5 HighwayTEM HighwayConnection Roads
Atatürk International
Airport
Q
Sabiha Gökçen
International Airport
(Low Cost)
Sea Lines
Railway
Metro
Light Railway
Tramway
Existing Railway
Railway
Metro
Planned Railway
Transportation
BlackSea
Marmara Sea
Asia
Special Planned Areas
Special Project Areas
Featured Areas
VARIABLES ISTANBUL TURKEY YEAR UNIT
Total Population 12915158 72561312 2009 person
Women Population 6416161 36098842 2009 person
Men Population 6498997 36462470 2009 person
Ratio of 0-14 Aged Group to Total Population 24,2 26 2009 %
Ratio of 15-64 Aged Group to Total Population 70,4 67 2009 %
Ratio of Elderly People (+65) to Total Population 5,4 7 2009 %
Median Age 29,5 28,8 2009 Year
Urban Population 12782960 54807219 2009 person
Ratio of Urban Population to Total Population 98,98 75,53 2009 %
Population Density 2486 94 2009 km²
Annual Growth Rate 17 14,5 2009 ‰
Crude Birth Rate 17,3 17,8 2008 ‰
Total Age Dependency Ratio 42 49,3 2009 %
Average Househould Size 3,85 4,5 2009 person
1. Population and Demography
VARIABLES ISTANBUL TURKEY YEAR UNIT
Labour Force Participation Rate 46,7 47,9 2009 %
Total Labour Force 4,479 24,748 2009 Million
Unemployment Rate 16,8 14,0 2009 %
Women Unemploment Rate 19,9 14,3 2009 %
15-24 Age Group Unemployment Rate 27,0 25,3 2009 %
Total Number of Unemployed 0,753 3,471 2009 Million
Employment Rate 38,8 41,2 2009 %
Total Number of Employed 3,726 21,277 2009 Million
Ratio of Service Sector in Total 61,8 50 2009 %
Ratio of Industry Sector in Total 37,9 25,3 2009 %
Ratio of Agriculture Sector in Total 0,3 24,7 2009 %
Annual Average Gross Revenue 16.329 14.252 2006 TL
2. Labour Force and Employment
3. Health Indicators
VARIABLES ISTANBUL TURKEY YEAR UNIT
Infant Mortality Rate 11,9 17,0 2008‰
Neonatal Mortality Rate 10,2 13,0 2008 ‰
Number of Hospital Beds per a Hundred Thousand People 258 262 2007 Units
Total Number of Hospital 201 1.276 2007 Units
Total Number of Hospital Beds 32.412 184.983 2007 Units
Number of Intensive Care Beds per a Ten Thousand People 2,3 2,0 2008 Units
Number of Doctor per a Thousand People 1,8 1,6 2008 Person
Number of Nurse per a Thousand People 1,1 1,4 2008 Person
Number of Dentist per a Thousand People 0,4 0,3 2008 Person
Number of Pharmacist per a Thousand People 0,4 0,3 2008 Person
4. Education Indicators
VARIABLES ISTANBUL TURKEY YEAR UNIT
Literacy Ratio 89,3 87,3 2009 %
Number of Student Attending Pre-school Education 111.862 980.654 2008-9 Person
Total Number of Primary School Students 1.831.135 10.916.643 2008-9 Person
Number of Students per Teacher (Primary Education) 28 22 2009 Person
Total Number of Higher Education Students 294.416 1.734.242 2008-9 Person
Total Number of Faculty Members 19.888 100.504 2008 Person
Number of Universities 41 156 2010 Units
VARIABLES ISTANBUL TURKEY YEAR UNIT
National Income Per Person 11.292 8.688 2009 $
Export per Person 8.767 2.824 2008 $
Import per Person 5.789 1.846 2008 $
Consumer Price Index (December 2009/December 2008) 5,2 6,5 2009 %
Total Number of Bank Branches 2.870 9.541 2009 Units
Total Bank Deposit 216.467.861 480.895.647 2009 Thousand TL
Total Number of Cooperatives or Companies Established 15.839 44.472 2009 Units
Total Number of Cooperatives or Companies Shut 5.274 10.395 2009 Units
Total Number of Initiatives 819.781 3.490.786 2008 Units
5. Economic Structure
Capital of Culture
and
Tourism
Metropolitan Hub with Regional Characteristics
Regional Hub in
Euro-Asia RegionGlobal Centre
International Economic Hub
International Trading
&
Transaction Centre
Regional Provider for Financial Services
Commercial Bridge for the Region
Logistic Hub
High-value-added Economy of Innovation and Knowledge-based
Centers of Turkey
OECD Territorial Reviews and Governance Division
THE ISTANBUL VISION THAT THE GLOBE FOCUSES ON
“IMM/OECD Istanbul Territorial Review 2007”(Approved on November 2007)
Creation of Special Project Areas With High Transformation Potential
Investment in Innovative And Specialized ProjectAreas
Earthquake Based Urban Transformation Cultural - Regenaration and Renovation Projects
UrbanTransformation ofIstanbul to Meet
OECD Vision
Opportunities To Be Created
By
Urban Transformation of Istanbul
The Overview of 1/100.000 Scaled Plan
2
1/100.000 SCALED PLAN
• Sustainability of Natural Assets
• Improving The Standard of Living
IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF LIFE
Objectives
Policies
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
ECONOMIC STRUCTURAL CHANGE
CONSOLIDATING INDUSTRY IN ISTANBUL AND DIRECTING INDUSTRIAL GROWTH TO THE REGION
DECENTRALIZATION OF CENTERS
IMPROVEMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AND LOGISTIC INFRASTRUCTURE
MOVING ISTANBUL UP IN THE GLOBAL HIERARCHY OF COMPETITIVE METROPOLISES
IMPROVING SHARE OF ISTANBUL IN THE NETWORK OF COMPETITIVE GLOBAL CITIES IN ITS SUPRA-REGION AS A SERVICE ECONOMY CONTROL-COORDINATION CENTRE
Global Context
BlackSeaRegion
CaspianRegion
GulfRegion
MiddleEast
East Mediterrai
nean
Balkan Region
Istanbul
• HISTORIC AND NATURAL SITES
• EARTHQUAKE RISK AREAS
• NATURAL AND CULTURAL AREAS
• FOREST AREAS
• AGRICULTURAL LAND
• ECOLOGICAL AREAS
• NATURAL RISK AREAS
• GEOLOGICAL SUITABILITY
• WATER RESOURCES
• UNDERGROUND RESOURCES
1. Sustainable Development
2. Economic Structural Change & Informatıon and Technology Based Development
1. DECENTRALIZATION AND STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATION OF INDUSTRY
2. SHIFT FROM INDUSTRY BASED DEVELOPMENT TO SERVICE BASED DEVELOPMENT
3. DEVELOPING INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES AND RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT STUDIES
2. Economic Structural Change & Information and Technology Based Development
Population Projection
Existing Population 2010 Apr. 13 Million
Estimated Population 2023 Apr. 21 Million
Sustainable Population 2023 Apr. 16 Million
Distribution of the Employment with Respect to Location and Sectors
2. Economic Structural Change & Information and Technology Based Development
2000 2023
CommerceandServices
%60,2 %80
Industry % 31,6 %20
INDUSTRY TO BE REHABILITATED
INDUSTRY TO BE SATURATED
INDUSTRY TO BE TRANSFORMED
Decentralization of Industrial Areas
3. Industrial Decentralization
İSTANBUL IS A MONOCENTRIC
CITY
4. Decentralization of Centers
Monocentric structure and the location of the CBD leads to
Traffic congestion along thebosphorus axes
Business traffic circulating around central business district
leads to pressure on thebosphorus area and overloads
bosphorus crossings
Encourages the expansion of the city towards north
CBD KARTAL
INFORMATION AND
TECHNOLOGY
BASED DEVELOPMENT
SİLİVRİINFORMATION AND
TECHNOLOGY BASED
DEVELOPMENT
Central Business District and Sub-Centers
Central Business District (CBD) Shift
• Three sub-centres on “development corridor”
4. Decentralization of Centers
FOCUS 1. Information
Technology Based Industries
FOCUS 2. Cultural Industries
FOCUS 3. New Central Business
District Development and
CulturalIndustries
Due to their locational and functional features, these centres are supposed to be complementary to each other.
Special Project Areas With High Transformation Potential
3
Proposed Rail System
Existing Rail System
5. Transport and Logistic Linkages of Istanbul
Pre-Feasibility of Urban Transformation
Safety $ 175.446.750.000
Planning $ 10.627.031.250
Investment $ 74.901.562.500
Total $ 260.975.343.750
Istanbul Metropolitan Area Urban Transformation Report
Special Planning Areas / Basins
Pre-Feasibility of Transformation
Transformation Must Total Area (Hectare) 12.595 Ha
Approximate Population (25 person / Hectare) 314.875
Residence Construction Site (25 m² / 1 person) 7.871.875 m²
Commercial Site (%20) 1.574.375 m²
Total Construction Site 9.446.250 m²
Building Costs ( $600 per m²) $ 5.667.750.000
Infrastructure Costs $ 1.416.937.500
Transfer Costs $ 3.542.343.750
Total Cost $ 10.627.031.250
D
WEST DEVELOPMENT AXES
SPECIAL PROJECT SITESACENTRAL REGION
SPECIAL PROJECT
SITES
B
LAKE AREA SPECIAL
PROJECT SITES
C
ASIAN PART SPECIAL
PROJECT SITES
E
BLACKSEA COAST SPECIAL PROJECT SITES
Special Project Areas
Cebeci Valley
Bayrampaşa CBD
Haliç Culture Axe
Okmeydanı
Bakırkoy-Kazlıcesme
Büyükdere
Kağıthane
Armutlu
GOP Central
Bağcılar Regional Park &
Central
Güngören Regional Park & Residence
Haydarpasa
Eyüp Regional Park
400 Ha
135 Ha
275 Ha 663 Ha
1033 Ha145 Ha
276 Ha
252 Ha
120 Ha
48 Ha
168 Ha
114 Ha
87,5 Ha
Environmental Sustainability
Economic Sustainability
Social Sustainability
Central Region Special Project Sites
Area: 211 Ha
Present Use: Industrial Zone
Present Intensity: Middle
Ownership: Public,Private
1/25000 Plan Statute Urban Green Service Corridor
Offered Intensity Low
5
General View
Project Location
Cendere Valley Rehabilitation Purposed Special Project Area
Area 276 Ha
Present UseGenerally Non-Use Areas andPartly Industrial Zones
Present Intensity Low
Ownership -
1/25000 Plan Statute Urban Green Service Corridor
Offered Intensity Low
6
Plan StatuteGeneral View
Project Location
Cebeci Valley Rehabilitation Purposed Special Project Area
Area 252 Ha
Present Use Industrial, Residential
Present Intensity Middle
Ownership Private, partly Public
1/25000 Plan Statute CBD
Offered Intensity Middle
8
Plan StatuteGeneral View
Project Location
Kağıthane Industrial Zone to Centrum Transformation and Boulevard Axle Special Project Area
Area 663 Ha
Present UseConstruction and ProductionIndustry, Partly Commercial
Present Intensity Low
Ownership Generaly Private, Partly Public
1/25000 Plan Statute CBD
Offered Intensity High
9
Plan StatuteGeneral View
Project Location
Bayrampaşa – Topkapı – Maltepe CBD Development Special Project Area
Area 120 Ha
Present Use Industrial
Present Intensity Low
Ownership -
1/25000 Plan Statute Second Level Centrum
Offered Intensity Middle
14
Plan StatuteGeneral View
Project Location
Gaziosmanpala Industrial Zone to Centrum Transformation Special Project Area
Area 168 Ha
Present Use CBD
Present Intensity High
Ownership Private and Public
1/25000 Plan Statute CBD
Offered Intensity -
22
Plan StatuteGeneral View
Project Location
Büyükdere CBD (Sliding Towards West) Special Project Area
Büyükdere Regeneration Project
Sample of Development Potentials
Zorlu Towers(96.505 m2--944 mil$--9.700 $/m2)
The Prestigious Spine
Transformation Area -1
Transformation Area -2
Transformation Area -3
Transformation Area -4
Total Area: 600 HaCurrent Status : Low quality industrial and residential areas
1
234
56
7
10
9
8
1112
13
1- İTÜ Technopark2-Alarko3-Diamond of Istanbul4-Military Zone5-TaşYapı (Res Area)6 –Galatasaray Spor7-Central Bank Area8-Sapphire9-Canyon10-Metrocity11-Residence12-Kenpinski13-Ali Sami Yen
TowersOn The Prestigious Spine
Sample of Development Potentials
Area 114 Ha
Present Use Slum
Present Intensity Middle-Low
Ownership ITU(University), IMM
1/25000 Plan Statute University Campus
Offered Intensity Low
28
Plan StatuteGeneral View
Project Location
Armutlu University Special Project Area
Area: 145 Ha
Present Use Slum
Present IntensityHigh (Gross Int:444 Person/Ha)
Ownership Foundation
1/25000 Plan Statute Special Project Area
Offered Intensity -
29
Plan StatuteGeneral View
Project Location
Okmeydanı Maintain Purposed Special Project Area
Area: 400 Ha
Present Use Tourism,Harbour,Industry
Present Intensity Low
Ownership Public and Private
1/25000 Plan Statute -
Offered IntensityLow at coastal
Middle at others
30
Plan StatuteGeneral View
Project Location
Bakırköy Kazlıçeşme Coast Line Special Project Area
Area 1033 Ha
Present UseNaval Yards,Residential, Green Areas,Commercial
Present IntensityHigh on Residential Areas,Lowabove Halic
OwnershipPrivate(Residential), Public(Naval Yards)
1/25000 Plan StatuteCulturel Usage, Green Areas, Commercial, Residential, Service Zone
Offered IntensityMiddle on ResidentialAreas,Low above Halic
31
Plan StatuteGeneral View
Project Location
Haliç Cultural Axel and Silhouette Area Special Project Area
Atatürk InternationalAirport
1160 ha
Sample of Development Potentials
Basın Ekspres
Area: 248 Ha
Present Use Residential Zones
Present Intensity Low
Ownership Private, Public
1/25000 Plan Statute Recreation Zone, GreenZones
Offered Intensity Low
37
Plan StatuteGeneral View
Project Location
Küçükçekmece – Avcılar Interior-Exterior Coast Recreation Special Project Area
Project Area (203 Ha) Designed by K.Yeang
Dudullu Rehabilitation Zone
Maltepe Regional Park
Kartal Centrum
Maltepe Dragos
Pendik Centrum
Tuzla Centrum
Asian Part Special Project Areas
C
Environmental Sustainability
Economic Sustainability
Social Sustainability
Blacksea Coast Special Project Sites (New Urban Settlements)
Blacksea Mines
Recreation Tourism Area
Riva Culture TourismRecreation Area
E
Environmental Sustainability
Economic Sustainability
Social Sustainability
1979 Ha
3009 Ha
1. CENTRAL RESIDENTIAL AREAS UNDER EARTHQUAKE RISK
AND RESIDENTIAL AREAS DEVELOPED OVER BASIN SITES
2. UNPLANNED DEVELOPED NON-CENTRAL RESIDENTIAL AREAS UNDER
EARTHQUAKE RISK
3. AND 4. OTHER UNPLANNED DEVELOPED RESIDENTIAL AREAS
STAGES
Stages of Residential Transformation and Renewal Areas
Other Transformation Projects (Waterfront Projects)
4
SOURCE : IMM / URBAN TRANSFORMATION DIRECTORATE - ISAT
Some of The Potential Ports and Development Potentials
SOURCE : IMM / URBAN TRANSFORMATION DIRECTORATE - ISATAtaköy
Some of The Potential Ports and Development Potentials
Some of the Developing Special Project Areas With High Transformation Potential toMaintain Efficient City Planning
Developing Waterfront Area Proects With High Transformation Potential to MaintainEfficient City Planning
Cultural and Tourism Focused Project Developing Corridors
EUROPA-(Sirkeci-Halkalı)
General View
ASIA(Gebze - Haydarpaşa)
General View
A Sample of Detailed Works and Analyses
New Regulations
5
Breaking points created by last risks, opportunities and potentials
Specially meeting the fact of inability to be ready for disasters by currentregulations and implementations
Need for a new regulation and technique of implementation and governmentalsupport by sitimulations. ( R.T.E.)
New regulation and preparation of the law of ‘’Transformation of the areasunder disaster risk ‘’
NEW REGULATIONS
Planning and Projecting
Demolition Projects
Excavation and Collection Centers
Superstructure Construction
Infrastructure Construction
Desantralization Projects
New Cities
Visional İstanbul Projects
Transfer Zones and Temporary Residential Settlements
Renewal Projects
Renovation of Public Buildings (Strenghting or Rebuilding)
Historical Peninsula and Golden Horn
Energy and Recycle Based Projects
Urban Areas Transformation Projects
Culturel Spine’s and Water Front Projects
High Technology, Specialized Zones and Corridors
Source Developing Projects
Developing Projects By The New Regulations
Earthquake Based Urban Transformation (By New Regulations)
6
Unsafe Buildings Under Earthquake Risk Seperation in İstanbul Analysis
RESTRUCTURING OF ISTANBUL
PRE-FEASIBILITY OF URBAN TRANSFORMATION
Total Population 13.183.000
Average Size of a Household 3,70
Total Number of Housing Units 3.562.972
Total Number of Buildings 1.367.243
Number of Building To Be Transformed 889.033
Number of Housing Unit To Be Transformed 2.315.932
Total Area of Risky Housing Units (Av. 100 m²) 231.593.200 m²
Total Area of Risky Commerce and Production Units 46.318.648 m²
Total Area of Transformation 277.911.848
Construction Cost Per m² $ 700,00
Total Cost For Total Building $ 208.433.886.486,00
Infrastructure Cost $ 52.108.471.621,00
Grand Total Cost $ 260.542.358.107,00
European Side1. Silivri2. Çatalca3. Arnavutköy4. Büyük Çekmece5. Küçük Çekmece6. Esenyurt7. Beylikdüzü8. Başakşehir9. Eyüp10. Sultangazi11. Avcılar12. Bağcılar13. Bahçelievler 14. Bakırköy15. Esenler16. Bayrampaşa
17. Güngören18. Zeytinburnu 19. Fatih20. Gazi Osman Paşa21. Beyoğlu22. Beşiktaş23. Kağıthane24. Şişli25. Sarıyer
Anatolian Side1. Beykoz
2. Şile3. Çekmeköy4. Ümraniye
5. Üsküdar6. Sancaktepe
7. Kadıköy8. Ataşehir
9. Sultanbeyli10. Maltepe
11. Kartal12. Pendik
13. Tuzla14. Adalar
Municipalities with High Potential of Transformation
Population (2011) Total Number of Buildings Area (km²)Arnavutköy 198230 536,48*Avcılar 383736 25921 41,92*Bağcılar 746650 50392 22,40*Bahçelievler 600900 28442 16,57*Bakırköy 220663 16870 29,65Başakşehir 284488 108,48*Bayrampaşa 269709 25986 9,54*Beşiktaş 187053 20721 18,04Beylikdüzü 218120 37,74*Beyoğlu 248206 32354 8,96Büyükçekmece 192843 78942 157,68
Çatalca 63379 42168 1060,42*Esenler 461382 32269 18,51Esenyurt 500027 43,12*Eyüp 345790 14335 228,14*Fatih 429351 54100 15,93*Gaziosmanpaşa 482553 95896 11,67Güngören 309135 13723 7,17*Kağıthane 419865 37728 14,83*Küçükçekmece 711112 74188 37,51*Sarıyer 287309 53395 151,26Silivri 144781 75492 899,51*Sultangazi 483225 36,24
*Şişli 320763 30393 34,98*Zeytinburnu 293228 22337 11,31Total 8903020 3562,71
European Side (* High Potential of Transformation )
Population (2011) Total Number of Buildings Area (km²)
Adalar 13833 6902 11,05
*Ataşehir 387502 25,87
*Beykoz 247284 61392 310,36
Çekmeköy 183013 148,02
*Kadıköy 531997 49265 25,07
*Kartal 440887 55225 38,54
Maltepe 452099 34329 53,06
*Pendik 609535 60786 180,20
*Sancaktepe 267537 61,87
*Sultanbeyli 298143 33006 28,86
Şile 28847 21587 781,73
Tuzla 197230 28375 123,86
*Ümraniye 631603 96375 45,30
*Üsküdar 532182 49486 35,34
Total 534252 1869,13
Asian Side
* High Potential of Transformation
AVCILAR
BAĞCILAR
BAYRAMPAŞA
Population Area
322.190 41.92 km²
719.267 22.40 km²
272.196 9.5 km²
Districts Under High Risk of Earthquake
BAKIRKÖY
BAHÇELİEVLER
GÜNGÖREN
Population Area
571.711 16.57 km²
214.821 29.65 km²
318.545 7.17 km²
Districts Under High Risk of Earthquake
FATİH
KÜÇÜKÇEKMECE
ZEYTİNBURNU
Population Area
455.498 15.93 km²
662.566 37.51 km²
288.743 11.31 km²
Districts Under High Risk of Earthquake
FROM 1994 – TO PRESENT
Researcheson
planningcompleted
Databasecreated
Mostexperiencedgroups werecollected andcoordinated
Strategiescreated
Mastery termstarts from
now on
Time toimplement
BEST REGARDS