Manila Cathedral School287 Tayuman, St. Tondo, Manila
An Investigatory ProjectTo be submitted to the Science
Department
In partial fulfilment of theCourse Requirement in Biology
Submitted toMrs. Agnes Cruz
Bernabe, Nicole CzerenaDesierto, Germeign AnnMaliclic, Chelsea
AnneManglangit, Treb MiguelMarasigan, Austin
Second Year - Maximillian Kolbe
February 2013
CITRUS FRUITS AS A BACTERIAL HAND SANITIZER
ABSTRACTThe researchers main purpose in conducting this study is
to help create a product which is cheaper and could use the same
quality as the one through the use of oranges. This study aims to
help people who do not have enough money to buy expensive hand
sanitizer. It also helps the researchers determine the similarities
and differences of the two products have by comparing their
qualities. The procedure in making this product is simple. First,
scrape the gel inside the Aloe Vera leaves. After scraping the gel,
the group put it a plastic container and added 1 cup of Ethyl
alcohol and 2 teaspoons of Glycerin. Next, grate the orange to get
the zest and add it to the mixture, then, mix till well blended.
Lastly, the group recycled a small bottle that was used as a
container for the mixture. The researchers concluded that the Aloe
Vera gel can be used to make the hand sanitizer more jelly and the
zest of the orange more hydrating to the skin. It is easy to make
since the materials used are found in stores and have the cheapest
price. The group is confident that the product is effective because
of the Ethyl alcohol. The researchers advised to use more Aloe Vera
for the product to be more jelly.
iACKNOWLEDGEMENTThe researchers would like to give their
heartfelt gratitude to the people who helped in making and
considering this study and for the success of the researchers.
First, the parents who gave their time to help and support their
child in conducting this study. Second, the researchers teacher who
was always there when the researchers have questions or problems
that needs to be solved. And last but not the least, to our dear
God who guided the researchers in the right path and for all the
blessings that the researchers have received.
iiTABLE OF CONTENTSAbstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
iAcknowledgement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iiChapter I: The Problem and its
BackgroundIntroduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2Background of the Study . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2Statement
of the Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . 2Significance of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Scope and Limitations of the Study .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Chapter II: Review
of Related Literature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 4Chapter III: Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 6Chapter IV: Results and Discussion
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Chapter V:
Conclusion and Recommendation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 8AppendixBibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Curriculum Vitae . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10-14
CHAPTER I: THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUNDIntroductionEarlier,
whenever the peoples hands used to get dirty, people used to go
insearch of a good soap and water. This used to become a great
inconvenienceespecially when travelling. Water spills and soap not
getting rinsed properly andof course, water wastage, all these
factors contributed to the discovery ofsomething called as hand
sanitizer.
Background of the StudyThe researchers chose the citrus fruits
to make it into a Citrus Hand Sanitizerbecause the season today is
where most citrus fruits bloom. Another factor whythe researchers
chose this study because of the protein of Vitamin C most
citrusfruits have from common illnesses like colds, cough, etc.
Third, Citrus fruits areeasy to find and are cheap. Fourth, you can
easily find them from local grocerystores and/or markets per kilo,
sliced, peeled, mixed with other fruits, canned,and/or juiced.
Statement of the ProblemThe researchers need to solve the
following problems:1. How cheap will it be compared to other hand
sanitizer?2. How effective is the citric hand sanitizer compared
with other products?3. Does it have side effects?4. Does the Citrus
Hand Sanitizer can make hands dry?2Significance of the StudyThe
people who will benefit from the hand sanitizer are students,
frompre-school to college. People who live in squatters area,
condominium units,small and big houses. People who work as
part-time or full-time. People whowork on hospitals like odctors,
nurses, janitors, and even patients. Bankemployees, security
guards, salesman or women, police officers, etc. Evenpeople who
dont have jobs and senior citizens!
The Citrus Hand Sanitizer can be significant by helping our
hands to be clean and germfree. Instead of using soap and water, we
can use this hand sanitizer intravelling, in school, in malls, etc.
whenever, wherever.
Scope and Limitations of the StudyThe study covers how citrus
fruits can be used as a hand sanitizer and to know the health
benefits when it is used to be a hand sanitizer, the side effects
arise when using the hand sanitizer. Other than that, the study
will not cover topics beyond the scope of the research.
3CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURECitrus is a common term
and genus of flowering plants in the rue family, Rutaceae. These
plants are large shrubs or small trees, reaching 5-15 m tall, with
spiny shoots and alternately arranged evergreen leaves with an
entire margin. The flowers are solitary or in small corymbs, each
flower 2-4 cm diameter, with five (rarely four) white petals and
numerous stamens; they are often very strongly scented.Citrus
fruits are notable for their fragrance. The juice contains a high
quality of citric acid giving them their characteristic sharp
flavour. The genus is commercially important as many species are
cultivated for their fruit, which is eaten fresh, pressed for
juice, or preserved in marmalades and pickles.The invention of hand
sanitizer was from Lupe Hernandez of Bakersfield, CA. In1996, he
called an invention hotline off of the TV, and ordered a package
for anidea he had on how he would create system in hospitals, to
where all sinks wouldhave an alcohol solutions, at the bottom of
the sink connected to the pipe,outgoing water reaching our hands
with cleaning solution and a sanitizer gelmaking it easier for
hospital staff and quicker to get patients. This idea came tomind
because he was attending school to become a RN.
4CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGYIn this chapter, the group will be
making a hand sanitizer out of materials that can be found in homes
and that are cheap to buy.The group found out that Citrus fruits
are cheap and easy to buy especially when it is in season. Citrus
fruits also have a high quantity of Vitamin C that make the skin
healthy and prevent it from drying thats why the researches chose
this as their primary ingredient for their product home-made Citrus
hand sanitizer.Alcohols that have 70%-up solution are mostly found
on homes and are cheap in the market. The researchers chose this
ingredient because of its cleaning properties when it comes to
germs and bacteria that can cause sickness in people.The group did
was, first, researched the materials needed and the procedures on
making a hand sanitizer. Second, the group bought the materials
needed to be able to make a hand sanitizer.The group will be making
a hand sanitizer out of the following materials: cup of Aloe Vera
gel, 2 teaspoons of Glycerin, 1 cup of Ethyl alcohol, zest of a 1
whole orange.The researchers did was, first, scrape the gel inside
the Aloe Vera leaves. After scraping the gel, the group put it a
plastic container and added 1 cup of Ethyl alcohol and 2 teaspoons
of Glycerin. Next, grate the orange to get the zest and add it to
the mixture, then, mix till well blended. Lastly, the group
recycled a small bottle that was used as a container for the
mixture.5
6CHAPTER IV: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION4.1 FindingsThe researchers
conducted a list of findings on the productFeaturesCitric Hand
SanitizerCommercial Hand Sanitizer
Colourbrownish-yellowish colorclear color
Fragranceorange-yfruity
Texturestickysmooth
This table showed the results of the survey. 5 different people
tested the Citric Hand Sanitizer in each trial.CriteriaCitric Hand
SanitizerCommercial Hand Sanitizer
Affordable/////-
Fragrance/////
Effectivity/////
4.2 ResultsIn Criteria #1, 5 different people agreed that the
groups product was affordable.In Criteria #2, 5 people tested the
product by smelling. 3 out of 5 agreed that the fragrance was not
harsh on the nose when its being smelled.In Criteria #3, 2 out of 5
people agreed that the product was effective to use.
7CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION5.1 ConclusionsThe
researchers therefore conclude that the citrus hand sanitizer was
confidently a success because of the presence of Ethyl alcohol that
made it more disinfectant and the ingredients used to make the hand
sanitizer were readily available and easily accessible in the
market.5.2 RecommendationsIn the findings the group have conducted,
the researchers respectfully recommend some instructions for better
results.1. It is optional to put essential oil for the sake of your
nose not to be irritated with the smellof the original essence.2.
You should put more Aloe Vera gel than the ethyl alcohol to make
the hand sanitizer jelly.
8APPENDIXBIBLIOGRAPHYhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hand_sanitizerhttp://biology.about.com/od/microbiology/a/handsanitizers.htmhttp://www.humantouchofchemistry.com/how-hand-sanitizers-made-their-debut.htmhttp://wiki.answers.com/Q/Who_is_the_first_person_to_formulate_hand_sanitizerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citrus
9CURRICULUM VITAEName: BERNABE, Nicole Czerena D.Age:
13Educational AttainmentPrimary: South Crest SchoolSecondary:
Manila Cathedral SchoolHonors/Awards received:Elementary 2nd
honorHighschool Top 3 on English (subject proficiency)Organization:
Biotechnicians Club
10Name: DESIERTO, Germeign Ann S.Age: 14Educational
AttainmentPrimary: EMD Carmelite SchoolSecondary: Manila Cathedral
SchoolHonors/Awards received:Nursery 1st HonorKinder 2nd Honor Best
in Music Most CooperativeOrganization: Hiyas Ng Sining Club
11Name: MALICLIC, Chelsea Anne J.Age: 14Educational
AttainmentPrimary: Manila Cathedral SchoolSecondary: Manila
Cathedral SchoolHonors/Awards received:Grade 2 Top 72nd Year Top 6
on Science (subject proficiency)Organization: Biotechnicians
Club
12Name: MANGLANGIT, Treb Miguel V.Age: 13Educational
AttainmentPrimary: Shilloh Christian AcademySecondary: Manila
Cathedral SchoolHonors/Awards received: --Organization:
Biotechnicians Club
13Name: MARASIGAN, April Austin C.Age: 14Educational
AttainmentPrimary: St. Anne De Beaupre School
Secondary: Manila Cathedral SchoolHonors/Awards received: 1st to
3rd Grade Champion in Elocution TestOrganization: Earth Savers
Club
14