The National Wine and Grape Industry Centre is a research centre within Charles Sturt University in alliance with the Department of Primary Industry NSW and the NSW Wine Industry Australia www.csu.edu.au/nwgic Investigations on the spore dispersal patterns of eutypa and botryosphaeria dieback pathogens in in Australian vineyards R. Billones-Baaijens, S. Savocchia , M. Ayres, and M. Sosnowski
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Investigations on the spore dispersal patterns of eutypa and … · 2017-10-19 · Investigations on the spore dispersal patterns of eutypa and botryosphaeria dieback pathogens in
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The National Wine and Grape Industry Centre is a research centre within Charles Sturt University in alliance with the
Department of Primary Industry NSW and the NSW Wine Industry Australiawww.csu.edu.au/nwgic
Investigations on the spore dispersal patterns of eutypa and botryosphaeria dieback pathogens in
in Australian vineyards
R. Billones-Baaijens, S. Savocchia, M. Ayres, and M. Sosnowski
Eutypa dieback (ED) and Botryosphaeria dieback (BD)
• Ranked in top five priority diseases of Australian wine grape industry
• Ascospores and/or conidia are dispersed by rain splash and wind
• Spores infect pruning wounds leading to cankers, dieback and death
• Spore dispersal patterns in Australian vineyards unknown
• Investigate spore dispersal patterns of ED and BD
• Determine climatic conditions required for spore release
• Identify high risk infection periods in Australian vineyards
• 195 samples analysed, 39% positive to either ED or BD spores
• ED spores more frequent (21%) than BD (18%) - Eutypella microtheca, not Eutypa lata.
• ED spores – less in winter (19%), compared to other seasons (27%)
• BD spores greater in autumn (34%)
4980 spores7500 spores
211 mm
Summary of results
• ED and BD spores released sporadically and occasionally both detected in same period/sample
• Seasonal release and no. of spores differed between regions and pathogens SA - higher spores in winter NSW - higher spores in summer Differences in regions - mainly attributed to rainfall
• Rainfall - primary factor in spore release 0.2 mm rain resulted in spore release Not all rain events resulted in spore release Few occasions, spores released a week after rainfall
– dew or relative humidity also a factor?
Differences between pathogens
• ED spores - up to 7,500 spores in a 2-day sample
• BD spores – up to 1,300 in a 2-day sample, mostly only up to 300
spores
• Differences - due to the size and mode of discharge
• ED pathogens - actively eject their ascospores – travel long distances
• BD spores - released in slimy masses – less airborne, more rain-
splashed
• ED ascospores are smaller than BD spores – lighter for wind dispersal
Photos: F. Trouillas, W. Pitt
Collaborators:
Jose Urbez-Torres (SuRDC)
Eileen Scott (Uni of Adelaide)
Chris Steel, Gavin Ash (NWGIC)
Trevor Wicks (ex. SARDI)
RESEARCH TEAM
SARDI Plant Research Centre
University of Adelaide
NWGIC
Regina Billones
Baaijens
Sandra Savocchia
(NWGIC)
Matthew Ayres,
Mark Sosnowski
(SARDI)
Practical Management of Grapevine Trunk Diseases(2013-2016)