Investigation on species of pests in finished grain and ...spiru.cgahr.ksu.edu/proj/iwcspp/pdf2/7/150.pdfMaguanqlao, lJongl11'1gDlst ,Shenyang 110161,P R Chma 3 Personnel DIVISion,

Prcceedinq« of the 7th Iniernaiumal Worhng Conference on Stored-produ,ct Protectwn - Volurne 1

Investigation on species of pests in finished grain and theirdamage in Shenyang

Zhao QII, Tian Benzhi", LIang Hongsnr , Zhao Chengde", Liu Yunbe3, Wang Zhongwir' LI Liang", LiuChengjurr' and Xie Cunyo''

Abstract

Both regular and Irregular mvestigations were earned out mseveral gram distribution stations and households mShenyang from 1994 to 1996 The results showed that pestsof mushed grams belong to two orders, twelve fanuues,runeteen species Among these species, Ploduiuuerpuncteila and Sttophilus zeamais are two chiefspecies of pests m fmished grams m the region The twopests have longest duration of damage and greatest densityon mam fimshed grams m the year Rice and wheat flour aresenously attacked by the two species

Introducion

Stored product insects ISa group of insects damaging storedgrams by eating and excreting on them In China, somerelative reports about these msect species, occurrence anddamages have been made Yao (1953) proposed an index of92 species of stored product insects (mcludmg naturalenemies) m Chma The Mmlstry of Gram (1957) reported43 species of stored product msects Zhao (1966) madereport of 171 stored product msect speCIesand their hosts,occurnng numbers and dlstnbutIon Late also Zhao et al(1982) added the ongmal speCIes hst to 223 and mtroducedhabitats and distributIon of these msects Cotton et al(1937) hsted 336 species of stored product pest msects

I Plant Protection In~tltule, LIaonmg Academy of AgnculturalSciences, Maguanqlao Dangling Dist , Shenyang 110161, P R

Chma

2PIgment 1\1 ,"ufactory, Llaomng Academy of Agncultural Sciences,Maguanqlao, lJongl11'1gDlst ,Shenyang 110161,P R Chma

3 Personnel DIVISion, LIaomng Academy of Agncultural Sciences,MaguanqIao, Dangling Dist ,Shenyang 110161,P R Chma

4 Te'tlng and AnalY'I' Center, Llaonmg Academy of Agncultural~lence" Maguanqlgo, Dangling Dist , Shenyang 110161, P R,

Chma

'Plant Protection Station of Fuxm City, 115 - 2 - 3,Zhonghua Road,Halzhou Dist ,Fuxm 123000.P R Chma

mcludmg 10 nnportat species, 41 mfenor ones, 142occasional ones and 143 predators and parasitesAlthough regional distnbutions of vanous stored product

insects m Chma have been approached m literatures abovechanges m clunate, gram vaneties and preservation andmanagement level, they may lead to alternates of storedproduct insect compositionBesides, there have not been reports about systematic

mvestigation to stored gram insect m Shenyang Thereforethe investigation to species of stored gram (mainly fimshedones) and occurrmg frequency m gram distnbution stationsand households was conducted m 1994 - 1996

Materials and Methods

Investigations on species of stored grain msects

When stored product mseet began moving after havingfirnshed overwintering m the 1st ten days of May attemperature (ave ) nsmg to 15·C, Irregular mvestigationswere conducted m gram store houses and gram processingfactones and regular ones m gram distnbution stations andhouseholds, m which mspectIons were carefully made tostored gram boxs, bags, walls and floors, recordmg speciesof found msects, stages, habltates and number Those thatcould not been recognIZed nght away were put mto fmgershaped tubes and taken back mto laboratory for classIfIcatIonWIthaid of microscope ThiS mspectIon was carried on untIlthe msects get mto Winter

Investigation on occuring frequency of stored graininsects

The mvestIgatIons were carned at 2 or 3 day's mterval m4 gram distributIon statIOnsand 2 households m east part ofShenyang The objectIve mspectIon (Wang et a11995) wasadopted To mmlmlZe error m spectIons on vanous storedgrams were equal tIme consummg (4 mmutes for eachvanety of gram) The mspectIon was carned and flmshed mthe same days as the regular one mentIOnedaboveIn the end, data were calculated and occurnng frequency

of vanous stored gram mects were showed by presentfrequency, percentage accountmg total present frequancy ofall found speCIes, accumulated numbers of msects on vanousfImshed grams, percentage occupymg total number of the

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Proceedsnqs of the 7th Internatumal Worhng Conference an Stored-product Protectwn - Volume 1

same msect on all fuushed grams and percentage occupymgtotal number of all present species m the same gram

Results and Discussion

Species of stored grain msects in Shenyang

Through 3 years' mvesugation m 2 gram store houses, 7gram distnbution stations, 5 households, more that 360times, a large number of stored gram msects were collectedand classified They belong to 2 orders, 12 fanuhes, and 19species They are listed as followed (ordered accordmg toclassification system)CleopteraDermestidae1 Demeetes maculatus Degeer "2 Dermestes vorax Motschulsky •3 Atlagenus Japonu:us Reitter'4 Trogoderrna oonabLle Balhon"Ostomatidae5 Tenebrouies rnauntanu:us (Lmnaeus)Nitiduhdae6 CarpophLlus dtrmdw,tus (Fabricius)"Cucujidae7 Cryptolestes pusulu« (Schoenherr)'Tenebnomdae8 Tenebrio obscurus (Fabncrus)"9 Tenebrio moluor (Lmnaeus)'10 Tribolcum. castaneum (Herbst)

Ptimdae11 Ptmus Japonu:us ReitterLarudae12 Callosobruchus chinensis (Lmnaeus)Curcuhonoidae13 S~tophLlus zearnaw Motschulsky

LepulopteraTmaeidae14 Tineola bissellsella Hummel *

Gallerudae15 Aplwrnm gularw Zeller'

PhYCitidae16 Ephestw, elutella (Huebner)'17 Plodm mterpunctella (Huebner)Pyrahdae18 Pyralw jarmalw (Lmnaeus)'19 Aglosso dmudLta HamorthZhao et al (1982) reported 14 speCies of stored gram

msects were found m Shenyang area Companng the 14speCies with the hst above, there are 7 species commonThe 12 speCies With " * " m the hst have never been openlyreported, of which demestids attack wool, woolens,leather, roasted meat, Silk, etc, besides cearels and flourThe other 10 speCies of stored gram msects present m thearea (Zhao, 1982) were not found m our mvestigatlOn

because ranges of inspections were different

Occuring frequency and number

Table showed that accumulated present times andnumbers of 14 species of storedgram msects were apparentlydifferent Indian meal moth occupied chiefly both m presenttimes and number m the year Accumulated present times ofthe adult and larvae amounted 50 87 and 40 67 percentrespectively of total mvestigation , which indicated thatthese msects had a quite a long damagmg penod m a yearOn the other hand, accumulated occurnng number of theadult and larvae made up to 56 04 and 20 40 percent of totaloccurring times of all found species Secondly, SLtophLluszeamaw held a certam percentage evidently higher than theother species execpt for Indian meal moth Both adult andlarvae of the species have the same food preference Thelarvae bore gram and hmt m it So m this test only adults ofthe species were checked The preseat times of the restspecies were only from 1 to 9, occupymg from 0 29 to 2 60percent of total mvestigations, of which some species suchas CarpophLlus dsmuiuuu«, Tenebrouies maurdarucus ,Aphamm gularw and Trtbolucm. castaneum were rankedas important msects of stored grams in some hteraturesThey were, however, found small number m population andpresent times m gram distribution stations and householdsSo they were considered secondary msects on fmished gramsin the area The left species were even less m number andpresent times In general they didn ' t cause damage tofmished grams They were considered heterogenesis speciesto frmshed grams As for Callosobruchus chnmensus , it wasfound only 2 times, but there was a certam number of itThe msect may sometimes cause a senous damage tomungbean and small red bean (Chen 1984)

Occuing number of various stored product insect onfinished grains

The results (table 2) showed that, on one hand therewere evident differences between numbers of the samespeCies on illfferent fImshed grams Accumulated number ofIndian meal moth (larva) were 227 on nce and 85 on flour ofwheat respectively Not any larvae of the speCies was foundon other fImshed grams Numbers of SLtophLLlus zeanw,wwere respectively 196 on nce, 65 on flour, and 37 on maiZeflour Relevant percentages on the 3 fimshed grams,occupymg total number of adults accumulaed m a year wererespectively 65 77 % ,21 81 % ,12 42 % Some speCies suchas Aplwrnm gulat'w , Tenebromes mauntanu:us ,Tnbohum castaneum, and Callosobruchus chLne1wweach was found on only one kmd of grams, which mdicatedthat the msects had eVident food preference Both speCiesand total number of present msecrs on nce were most amongall kinds of fimshed grams m the mvestigationsAccumulated number of msects on the gram amounted to

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Proceedmgs of the 7 th huemauonoi Worhng Conference an Stored-product Proteetwn - Volume 1

67 65percent of total msects on vanous grams Flour,commg after nee had a percentage of 23 09% for number ofmsects on all the firushed grams Much less number andspecies were on the rest grams Not any insects was foundon red small bean, millet and sorghum gram On the otherhand, there was much difference between numbers ofdifferent msects on the same kmd of grams Take nee formstance Indian meal moth and Sttophtlus zeammsOCCUPiedthe chief m number among vanous present msectson the gram Numbers of the 2 species accounted for 49 35percent and 42 61 percent respectively of total number ofmsects on the gram While all other species was found quitesmall m number Accumu.lated number of the 8 speciesOCCUPiedless than 10 percent of total species It was clearthat Indian meal moth and S zeamaUl are 2 mam speciesdamagmg nee The situation on another major fimshed gramflour (of wheat) was smuhar to that on nee Speciesoccurring on the gram was less than those of nee, on whichonly Tribolucm. castaneum and Ptmus Japanwus besideIndian meal moth and S zeamats were faund The other 2brushed grams, flour of corn and green bean were attackedby very few msects S zeamaUl on corn flour were far lessthan on nee and flour (wheat) Although only one species ofinsects, Callosobruchus chmensts was found on green

bean, its present times focus withm short penods andamount of stored green bean is usually samll So attentionshould be paid to this msect

Conclusion

3 years' investigations showed that pest msects of storedgram m Shenyang area belong to 2 orders, 3 suborders, 8superfarruhes, 12 fanuhes, and 19 species, m which 12species were firstly reported on stored gram insects ofShenyang areaAmong stored gram insects, Indian meal moth and S

zeamaUl are 2 mam species on fuushed grams and theiraccumulated occurnng times and number of a whole year aremuch more than any other species In addition, the 2species do damage to stored grams more senously thanothers Lavae of Indian meal moth stick grams mto a messand feed insides And they spm into net covenng the surfaceof gram, which causes contammanon to the gram Bothlarvae and adult of S zeamats may damage gram andempty particles of gram by bonng them In protection ofstored gram, therefore, emphasis should be lam onprediction and control of the 2 species m the area

Table 1 Accumulated occurnng times. number and percentages of stored gram mescts m gram distnbutton stations andhouseholds

Species Stage"Accumulated Percentage of Accumulated Percentage ofoccurmg times total times occurmg number total msects

P interpunctella adult 176 50 87 959 56 04

larva 85 40 67 34 9 20 40

S zeamaUl adult 53 15 31 298 17 42

G dunuuaius adult 9 2 60 26 1 52

A Japomcus 9 2 60 18 1 05

P fannatts adult 5 1 45 13 o 74A guarts 4 1 16 7 o 40T castaneum. adult 3 o 87 3 o 17P Japomcus 3 o 87 8 o 47G chsnensis 2 o 58 24 1 40

T mauntanwus adult 2 o 58 2 011

G pustllus adult 1 o 29 1 o 06D wrax adult 1 o 29 1 o 06E elulella adult 1 o 29 1 o 06T btSSellwlla adult 1 o 29 1 o 06

a Thosespecies followed no anystagemeansboth adultand larvae

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Proceedsnqe of the 7th International Workmg Conference on Stored-product Protection - Volurne 1

Table 2. Species and number of insects occunng on fmished grams, percentage of total grams and percentage of total insects

Speoes Stage' RiceFlour of Folur of Green Red small

Millet sorghumwhent maize bean rean

P mterpurclella larva Accumulatedoccunng number 227 85 0 0 0 0 0

Percentage of total grams 72 76 27 24 0 0 0 0 0

Percentage of total insects 4935 54 14 0 0 0 0 0

S zeama!8 Adult Accumulatedoccunng number 196 65 37 0 0 0 0

Percentage of total grams 65 77 21 81 12 42 0 0 0 0

Percentage of total insects 4261 41 40 94 87 0 0 0 0

G dlmulmtus Adult Accumulatedoccurmg number 24 0 2 0 0 0 0

Percentage of total grams 9231 0 769 0 0 0 0


A fftllans Larva Accumulatedoccurmg number 7 0 0 0 0 0 0



P Japarucus Accumulatedoccurmg number 30 5 0 0 0 0 0 0

Percentage of total grams 37 50 6250 0 0 0 0 0


T nmuntamcus Adult Accumulatedoccunng number 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


Percentage of total msects 022 0 0 0 0 0 0

G '{J/J)itllus Adult Accumulatedoccurmg number 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


Percentage of total insects 022 0 0 0 0 0 0

A Japmncus Adult Accumulatedoccurmg number 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


Percentage of total msects o 22 0 0 0 0 0 0

T costaneum Accumulatedoccurmg number 0 2 0 0 0 0 0



G chl1lensw Accumulatedoccunng number 0 0 0 24 0 0 0


Percentage of total insects 0 0 0 100 0 0 0

Sum Accumulatedoccurmg number 460 157 39 24 0 0 0

Percentage of total grams 67 65 2309 5 74 353 0 0 0

a Those species followed by no any stage means both adult and larva

Rice and flour (of wheat) are 2 species of finished grams stored and turnover amount are much larger than other kindsdamaged seriously by stored gram msects m Shenyang The of grams Therefore supervision should be strengthened toformer seemed more senously damaged than the latter the 2 grams m gram storage and selling secions and evenMuch more insects were found on the 2 stored grams than consumers SUItable measure IS suggested to be adopted toany other species of grams Main species damaging the 2 control pest insects before they cause an evident damage tograms are Indian meal moth and 5 zearnatS additionally, grams. For other kinds of grams, chemical pesticide innee and flour (wheat) are the staple gram varieties and general IS not applied unless necessary (occurrmg number of

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Proceedmgs of the 7th Internatwnal Working Conference OIl Stored-product Proiecium. - Volume 1

msect supass permissible density)

References

Cotton, R T , and Good, N E 1937 Annotated list of themsects and mrtes associated With stored gram and cerealproducts and their anthropod parasrted and predators US Dep Agnc Mlc Pub 258Gram Department of China 1957 Distnbution of stored

gram insect m Chma Gram, 3, 22 - 24Yao, K 1953 A revised and enlarged prehmmary list ofstored product msects of Chma Acta Entomologia Smica 2(4) ,299 - 310Zhao, Y C 1966 Stored product msects of Cluna SciencePress, 174 ppZhao, Y C .Li, H X , and Gao, J Y 1982 Surveys ofChmese stored products msect pests fauna, AgriculturalPress 20-73

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Investigation on species of pests in finished grain and ...spiru.cgahr.ksu.edu/proj/iwcspp/pdf2/7/150.pdfMaguanqlao, lJongl11'1gDlst ,Shenyang 110161,P R Chma 3 Personnel DIVISion,

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