Investigación para el desarrollo de la Agricultura CIRAD

CIRAD

Jean Christophe Glaszmann

FÓRUM AGRO-ALIMENTARPlataforma Tecnológica da MacaronésiaFunchal, July 9, 2015

INTA 26/11/2013INTA 26/11/2013

• Slight increase in the share of R&D expenditures• Increase of the share of project-based funding• A national agency for the evaluation of higher education and

research • Towards a greater autonomy and role for the universities• A national Investment in major programs and distributed

infrastructures

Global evolution of the

French higher education and research system

Working together for tomorrow’s agriculture

Agriculture at the heart of global issues

From 7 billion people needing to be fed today…

… to 9 billion by 2050

Population growth concentrated in the South, in large cities

Three means of meeting this challenge:

Producing more and better, onlimited areas

Changing food habits (waste and diet)

Facilitating market access, reducing price volatility

> Agricultural research at the heart of tomorrow’s solutions

A staff of 1650, including 800 researchers

CIRAD worldwide

CIRAD worldwide

Réunion - Mayotte

West Indies-French Guiana

Ile de France

Languedoc-Roussillon

Continental Southeast Asia

Southeast Asian

islands

East and Southern Africa

Continental West Africa

Coastal West Africa

Central Africa

Madagascar

Brazil

Mediterranean

Latin America

12 regional offices in the French overseas regions and abroad A scientific hub in Montpellier

700 staff members based outside metropolitan FranceResearchers in 40 countriesCollaborations with 90 countries

CIRAD’s values

Openness

Quality research

Sharing

Commitment to development

Openness

Quality research

Sharing

Commitment to development

Very specific expertise

CIRAD generates knowledge and helps build capacity, in support of agricultural and rural development

With specific experience of tropical commodity chains

Fruit and vegetables Sugarcane Cocoa Coffee

Rice Cotton Banana and plantain Oil palm

Animal production Animal production Rubber Forest species

Decades of field research in the South

A unique scientific and technical database

Specific experience of ecosystems, farming practices and societal questions in the South

Recognized expertise in assessing specificsituations and analysing interactions between local and global processes

A wide range of situations and players

So as to understand the changes in farming systems better

So as to analyse the impact of rapid change and the subsequent risks: climate change, soil degradation, land grabbing, price instability, and so on

So as to foster innovation and propose appropriate public policies

One main operating principle:research in partnership

Working together to establish and implement priorities

Working in the field, in the South, where our partners are, in their laboratories

Building our partners’ institutional and scientific capacity

From vision to actionCIRAD’s six priority lines of research

1. Ecological intensification

2. Biomass energy and societies in the South

3. Safe, diversified food

4. Animal health and emerging diseases

5. Public policy, poverty and inequality

6. Agriculture, environment, nature and societies

Research and training platforms in partnership worldwide

More than More than 300 300 PhD students PhD students supervised each year, supervised each year, 60 %60 % of of them from the Souththem from the South

International Masters courses run with International Masters courses run with grandes écoles grandes écoles and universitiesand universities

Training the talents of the future:the need to link researchand higher education

800 800 researchers and researchers and technicians technicians received and trained received and trained each yeareach year

Research on the appropriate scale

Biological systems

Understanding biological systems, from molecule to ecosystem

Tropical production and processing systems

Analysing farming practices and farming system performance, from plot to farm level

Environments and societies

Supporting players in rural areas, from a local to a global scale

Three research fields

sixaxes

mandate – missions - strategy

Priority lines of research

Research departments

Joint research units

Bios:Four thematic pilars

Diversity analyses

Functional analysis of G*E interactions

Biological interactions

Ecological dynamics

35%

20%

20%

25%

sixaxes

mandate – missions - strategy

Two main impact pathways

crop improvement

management of sanitary risks

sixaxes

mandate – missions - strategy

Amélioration Génétiqueet Adaptation des Plantes

méditerranéennes et tropicales

amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales

21

Plant breeding for innovative cropping systems

innovation mobilizing a range of competences biological resources infrastructures technologies/methodologies partnerships, …

Plant breedingTransforming genetic diversity into adaptation to agriculture(s)

Contexte de Montpellier

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Projet scientifique étendard

Nouvelles infrastructurespour la conservation et l’analyse des ressources biologiques végétales

ProgrammeARCAD

Recherche(2010-2013)

ProgrammeARCAD Infrastructure

(201. ?)

Co-construction de la Communauté :

Le projet ARCADAgropolis Resource Center for Crop Conservation, Adaptation and Diversity

Un projet Scientifique, Un projet Immobilier

10M€3 M€

Régional +

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CVCV

CVCV

2016

Les CRB associés à AGAP : des outils au cœur de la diversité

Objectifs : Garantir la transparence et la traçabilité des ressources

biologiques utilisées dans les activités de recherches de nos clients.

Activités : Recueil, préparation, multiplication, mise en collection, conservation et diffusion de ressources biologiques.

à Montpellier et aux Antilles

associant UR ASTRO

et UMR AGAP

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élément du réseau des CRB

INRA

associant semences

cotonnier avec UR SCA

de Persyst

germplasmdiversity

°C

H2O

CO2

utilizationfood & non-food

qualityefficiency productivity ideotypes

Evolution

Domestication

modelplants

crop varieties

agro-eco-systems

biotic stresses

servicesperformance

durabilityagro-ecology

Mapping information

(QTLs, GWAS)

Knock-out mutants

Selection footprints

Expression studies

Plant breeding, genetic resources and modern biology

Cell dynamics

Architecture variation

Physiological variation

Genetic variation

Histo-cytological variation

Confluences…

There are scientific confluences

• Diversity

• Populations

• Genome

• Actors

Confluences!

Plant species:an open list

Banana with the association of producers

in French West Indies

Sugarcane with eRcane (Tereos group) in

La Réunion

Yam tetraploid varieties with family producers in

Guadeloupe and Caribean

Dominique ThisJean-Marc LacapeFabrice VaroquauxPascal GantetThierry Simonneau

CultiVarFederative project, submitted to Agropolis fondation

March 2014 – April 2015

andDiade, BGPI, IPME, LEPSE, GAFL, Amap, LSTM, …

We need more breeders!!

What CultiVar is about

Strengthening our education system for training more high level plant breeders and breeding-science professionals

Implementing a broadened vision of plant breeding• a careful balance between biological disciplines• Cultivated Varieties (CultiVar) as multi-dimensional

objects for Science and Society

Mobilising researchers and frontier research into training and education

Cultivating student diversity and international partnerships

focus

UMRs Frontier Res.

Edu. Res.

FRAMsFRABs

seminars

Agropolis

Sibaghe Gaia

APIMET, BPT

Partn.

LMIs DPs …

ingredients

Academic Institutional members:

227 research institutes, universities, research departments

with over 28 000 researchers and staff in plant science

from 30 countries – 27 in Europe and 3 beyond

+ 3 100 Personal members

Science and Science Policy activities

Conferences, Workshops, Brainstorms Newsletter, Searchable databasePosition papersAcademia - industry - farmer alliance

ETP Plants for the FutureAcademic alliances: Initiative for Science in Europe and Global Plant Council Creating a Future for Plant Research in Europe

www.epsoweb.org

EPSO’s mission is to improve the impact and visibility of plant science in Europe. The association was founded in 2000. It discusses with the European Commission, Members of the European Parliament and national politicians recommendations on European and global science policy.

High interest from both sides, Europe AND DevCos•invitations, e.g. similar workshop for Near East/N-Africa

Working towards shared view for opportunities and partnerships - Begin to shape partnerships

Defining initial set of pilot initiatives / areas for initial collaboration in SSA:•Begin to develop 3 coordinated plant research initiatives:

• Cassava value chain• Underutilised fruits and vegetable crops• Maize and associated legumes

•To facilitate bi/multilateral partnerships for sust. intensification:*** Scientific collaboration *** Capacity development *** Participatory technology development & access

Developing white paper framework for partnership

CIRAD

Where and who we areWhat we do and how

Biological systems researchPlant breeding research

Higher educationEuropean scale

FÓRUM AGRO-ALIMENTARPlataforma Tecnológica da MacaronésiaFunchal, July 9, 2015

One major challenge for agronomical research

To ensure sustainable and equitable food security… (FAO 2010)• Producing food that is affordable, safe, nutritionally adequate for health,

and culturally satisfactory• While protecting biodiversity and ecosystems and optimizing the use of

natural resources…• Creating jobs, generating income and promoting rural development

… in the context of multiple transitions• Growing world population• Food and nutritional transitions• Dwindling natural resources• Increasing energy prices and decreasing availability of fossil carbon

Investissements d’Avenir

Partenariats à l’échelle nationale

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Développement d’outils logiciels pour la gestion de la diversité sous assurance qualité (BRC-tools, AQ-Tools, Géné-PI,…)

• Gestion des collections• Traçabilité des échanges• Statut juridique des accessions• Catalogue en ligne sur notre serveur web.

Transfert de compétences et formations• Porteur de l’extension de la norme NF aux CRB animaux et végétaux.• Appui à la certification des autres CRB végétaux • Expertise auprès de nos partenaires (Togo, …)• Accompagnement et formation aux outils et procédures mis au points au

CRB-T :• Pour des structures diverses : Plate-forme, INRA, CHU, UMR,

Privés, …• 13 serveurs interconnectés hébergeant 36 sites partageant la même

logique de gestion sous assurance qualité

Le CRB-T est présent et actif dans la communauté des CRB végétaux, mais aussi animaux, humains et micro-

organismes.

Réalisations du CRB-T de Montpellier

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• Coordination des projets : « CARAMBA » (FEDER) et « Safe-PGR » (Outre-mers Européens) Cirad AGAP, BGPI Guadeloupe et Montpellier, Cirad PVBMT Réunion, INRA Bordeaux, Universités de Madère et des Açores

Optimisation du diagnostic viral pour l’assainissement, sécurisation pour la fourniture

Vers une caractérisation de la variation phénotypique somaclonale en vue

d’études épigénétiques ?

Développement d’outils logiciels pour la gestion de la diversité sous assurance qualité (OLGA)

• Applicatif web de gestion des descripteurs des ressources génétiques,en production sur 15 collections

Réalisations du CRB-PT Antilles

► Umber et al. (accepté) Molecular Plant Pathology

► http://collections.antilles.inra.fr/ ► intertrop.antilles.ira.fr/demo/ ► insectes.antilles.ira.fr

Recherches propres: impacts de la diversité virale dans les collections pour le diagnostic et l’assainissement ?

Projet Inter-TROP : Appel d’offres IBiSA 2010-2012• Coordination du projet réalisé avec les CRBs INRA et Cirad Guadeloupe,

Cirad Guyane, Cirad Réunion, IRD Montpellier et Réunion, Cirad Montpellier

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Activité : enrichissement, collecte, stockage, caractérisation • près de 800 populations naturelles, 1300 lignées fixées et de nombreux matériels

scientifiques• de nouvelles prospections ont été conduites en 2011 et 2012 en France et en Espagne• Introduction en 2012 de collections de référence des espèces M. truncatula, M. littoralis et M.

tornata du National Plant Germplasm System (USA)• Poursuite de la production de descendances

Système d’information : description, interopérabilité des bases de données • Les données du CRB Medicago truncatula ont été insérées dans le système national en 2012

(Site web : http://urgi.versailles.inra.fr/siregal/)• Site web local (http://www.montpellier.inra.fr/BRC-MTR/) comportant un module de commande

en ligne pour la partie la plus demandée des ressources génétiques conservées, à savoir les core-collections issues de la diversité naturelle.

Distribution à des laboratoires extérieurs privés ou publics, ouverture à des projets externes.

•  Contribution au consortium international de reséquençage de la diversité naturelle et de détection de SNP (http://www.medicagohapmap.org/).

• Douze articles associant des membres du CRB pour leur contribution et expertise en matière de germplasm.

• Six contrats de recherche finançant la participation du CRB

Réalisations du CRB-Medicago

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OGMITPGRFA semences

…Des sujets de sociétépeu traités

Des réflexionscollectives

peu valorisées

cropping systems

production systems

Bre

edin

g ch

ain

Plant breeding, core

“Plant breeding, the art and science of changing the traits of plants in order to produce desired characteristics” focus

cropping systems

production systems

Bre

edin

g ch

ain

Plant breeding, core

“Plant breeding, the art and science of changing the traits of plants in order to produce desired characteristics” focus

Ecophysiology

Social sciences

Genetic engineering

focus

CIRAD worldwide

Researchers assigned to 40 countries

Collaborative projects in 90 countries

An original research organization

National public institution status, but a global mission

Targeted research for development

Based on 50 years’ experience in the field, and an original approach

ideotype

diversity/homogeneity

bio-technology

cooperation/alignment

ABS/property

locksocio-cultural technological

subsistencecrops

industrialcrops

Pertinence of the linear model?