INVENTORY OF CEMETERIES AT RISK Jean, and Outaouais)

Page 1

1

INV

EN

TO

RY

OF

CE

ME

TE

RIE

S A

T R

ISK

(E

stri

e, M

onté

régi

e, L

aure

ntid

es, S

ague

nay-

Lac

-Sai

nt-J

ean,

and

Out

aoua

is)

C

emet

ery

Her

itage

Inve

ntor

y an

d R

esto

ratio

n In

itiat

ive

(CH

IRI)

Q

uebe

c A

nglo

phon

e H

erita

ge N

etw

ork

Ed

ited

by M

atth

ew F

arfa

n

(Mar

ch 3

1, 2

008)

Cop

yrig

ht 2

008,

QA

HN

, 40

0-25

7 Q

ueen

Stre

et,

Sher

broo

ke (L

enno

xvill

e), Q

uebe

c J1

M 1

K7

Page 2

2

TA

BL

E O

F C

ON

TE

NT

S:

Ack

now

ledg

emen

ts

3

Intro

duct

ion

4

M

etho

dolo

gy

5

Prob

lem

s Obs

erve

d by

Fie

ldw

orke

rs

7

R

ecom

men

datio

ns

12

Find

ings

15

Cem

eter

ies a

t Ris

k: E

valu

atio

n Fo

rms

1

8 Es

trie

19

Asb

esto

s

2

0 C

oatic

ook

23

Le G

rani

t

10

4 Le

Hau

t-Sai

nt-F

ranç

ois

131

Le V

al S

aint

-Fra

nçoi

s

15

1 M

emph

rém

agog

169

Extin

ct C

emet

erie

s, Es

trie

250

Mon

téré

gie

28

2 B

rom

e-M

issi

squo

i

283

La H

aute

-Yam

aska

364

Le H

aut-R

iche

lieu

37

0 Ex

tinct

Cem

eter

ies,

Mon

téré

gie

37

9 La

uren

tides

383

Arg

ente

uil

384

La R

iviè

re-d

u-N

ord

40

5 Le

s Lau

rent

ides

420

Les P

ays-

d’en

-Hau

t

429

Sagu

enay

-Lac

-Sai

nt-J

ean

43

2 Le

Fjo

rd-d

u-Sa

guen

ay

433

Out

aoua

is

44

5 Pa

pine

au

446

App

endi

x: In

stru

ctio

ns to

Inve

ntor

y Ta

kers

449

Page 3

3

AC

KN

OW

LE

DG

EM

EN

TS:

Th

e Q

uebe

c A

nglo

phon

e H

erita

ge N

etw

ork

grat

eful

ly a

ckno

wle

dges

the

finan

cial

con

tribu

tions

of b

oth

the

Dep

artm

ent o

f Can

adia

n H

erita

ge a

nd T

owns

hipp

ers’

Res

earc

h an

d C

ultu

ral F

ound

atio

n to

war

ds th

e co

mpl

etio

n of

th

is in

vent

ory.

Th

e fo

llow

ing

pers

ons a

nd o

rgan

izat

ions

hav

e be

en in

stru

men

tal i

n co

mpi

ling

info

rmat

ion

for t

his s

tudy

. With

out

thei

r dili

gent

rese

arch

, fie

ldw

ork,

bac

kgro

und

info

rmat

ion

and

dire

ctio

nal a

ssis

tanc

e, th

is p

roje

ct w

ould

not

hav

e be

en p

ossi

ble:

Judy

Ant

le, I

sabe

ll M

acA

rthur

Bea

ttie,

Kei

th B

enne

tt, Je

anie

Bou

tin, W

ells

Coa

tes,

Nel

son

and

Bar

bara

Cou

vret

te, J

oan

Cru

icks

hank

, Cat

hy C

urtis

, Hea

ther

Dar

ch, M

arily

n D

avis

, Syl

via

Fend

le, J

ohn

Fow

les,

Elai

ne F

ulle

r, Es

ther

and

Don

Hea

ly, J

im K

yle,

Ade

laid

e La

nktre

e, Ja

net B

urns

Lar

oche

, Har

old

Lint

on, M

ilt a

nd

Bev

Loo

mis

, Pet

er M

arsh

all,

Meg

antic

-Com

pton

Cem

eter

y an

d C

hurc

h A

ssoc

iatio

n (M

CC

CA

), M

issi

squo

i H

isto

rical

Soc

iety

(MH

S), R

usse

ll N

icho

ls, L

eslie

Nut

brow

n, (t

he la

te) P

hil P

oaps

, Pot

ton

Her

itage

Ass

ocia

tion

(PH

A),

Kev

in P

ryce

, Ric

hmon

d C

ount

y H

isto

rical

Soc

iety

(RC

HS)

, Stu

art S

hea,

Sta

nste

ad H

isto

rical

Soc

iety

(S

HS)

, San

dra

Stoc

k, M

arga

ret V

okey

, Ser

ge W

agne

r and

Ela

ine

Wils

on.

Page 4

4

INT

RO

DU

CT

ION

:

In O

ctob

er 2

007,

QA

HN

laun

ched

its C

emet

ery

Her

itage

Inve

ntor

y an

d R

esto

ratio

n In

itiat

ive

(CH

IRI)

. A k

ey c

ompo

nent

of t

his

initi

ativ

e w

as a

n in

vent

ory

of c

emet

erie

s his

toric

ally

con

nect

ed to

Eng

lish-

spea

king

com

mun

ities

in fo

ur re

gion

s of Q

uebe

c an

d de

emed

to b

e “a

t ris

k.”

Th

e fo

llow

ing

is a

brie

f ove

rvie

w o

f the

met

hodo

logy

use

d in

con

duct

ing

this

inve

ntor

y, th

e pr

oble

ms o

bser

ved

by re

sear

cher

s at t

he

vario

us c

emet

erie

s the

y vi

site

d, a

nd Q

AH

N’s

reco

mm

enda

tions

for s

olvi

ng so

me

of th

ese

prob

lem

s. W

e th

en p

rese

nt a

sum

mar

y of

ou

r fin

ding

s, by

regi

on, f

ollo

wed

by

the

indi

vidu

al e

valu

atio

ns th

emse

lves

. The

se a

re o

rgan

ized

by

regi

on, w

ith e

ach

regi

on o

rder

ed

alph

abet

ical

ly b

y M

RC

and

by

cem

eter

y na

me.

Page 5

5

ME

TH

OD

OL

OG

Y:

SC

OPE

: Th

e re

gion

s tar

gete

d in

this

inve

ntor

y w

ere

Estri

e; M

onté

régi

e; L

aure

ntid

es; a

nd S

ague

nay-

Lac-

Sain

t-Jea

n. A

dditi

onal

dat

a w

as a

lso

colle

cted

for t

he O

utao

uais

. E

VA

LU

AT

ION

FO

RM

: B

efor

e un

derta

king

this

inve

ntor

y, w

e fir

st h

ad to

dev

elop

a st

anda

rdiz

ed e

valu

atio

n fo

rm. W

e w

ante

d so

met

hing

that

cou

ld b

e ap

plie

d to

cem

eter

ies o

f all

type

s and

size

s, pu

blic

ly o

r priv

atel

y ow

ned,

acr

oss Q

uebe

c. R

esea

rche

rs c

ould

then

use

this

form

as a

tem

plat

e fo

r en

terin

g da

ta a

nd ra

ting

cem

eter

ies a

ccor

ding

to a

com

mon

set o

f var

iabl

es.

We

wan

ted

rese

arch

ers t

o re

cord

as m

uch

info

rmat

ion

as p

ossi

ble

for e

ach

cem

eter

y. T

he e

valu

atio

n fo

rm th

eref

ore

had

to in

clud

e bo

th d

escr

iptiv

e de

tail,

such

as n

ame

and

loca

tion

of th

e ce

met

ery,

nam

e of

the

prop

rieto

r and

/or c

usto

dian

, his

toric

al b

ackg

roun

d,

curr

ent s

tatu

s, da

te o

f firs

t and

last

bur

ial,

and

so o

n; a

nd a

gra

ding

syst

em w

here

by e

very

thin

g fr

om th

e le

gibi

lity

of in

scrip

tions

, to

the

qual

ity o

f gra

vest

one

repa

irs, t

o th

e co

nditi

on o

f fen

ces c

ould

be

reco

rded

. A

key

com

pone

nt o

f the

eva

luat

ion

form

was

the

num

eric

al g

radi

ng sy

stem

, whe

reby

cem

eter

ies c

ould

be

grad

ed o

n a

scal

e of

1 to

10

0 po

ints

. Cem

eter

ies w

ith a

gra

de o

f les

s tha

n 50

poi

nts w

ould

be

cons

ider

ed “

at ri

sk.”

(See

App

endi

ces 1

& 2

).

CE

ME

TE

RY

RE

SEA

RC

HE

RS:

B

ecau

se th

e ge

ogra

phic

scop

e of

this

stud

y w

as so

bro

ad, w

e ne

eded

to e

nlis

t the

hel

p of

rese

arch

ers i

n th

e di

ffer

ent r

egio

ns.

Res

earc

hers

wou

ld c

ondu

ct fi

eldw

ork

and

repo

rt ba

ck to

CH

IRI p

roje

ct le

ader

Mat

thew

Far

fan.

H

eath

er D

arch

and

Judy

Ant

le (M

issi

squo

i His

toric

al S

ocie

ty) w

ere

recr

uite

d fr

om M

onté

régi

e; S

andr

a St

ock

(Mor

in H

eigh

ts

His

toric

al A

ssoc

iatio

n) c

ondu

cted

fiel

dwor

k in

the

Laur

entia

ns (w

ith a

dditi

onal

site

s in

the

Out

aoua

is);

and

Lesl

ie N

utbr

own

and

Mat

thew

Far

fan

eval

uate

d ce

met

erie

s in

Estri

e an

d Sa

guen

ay-L

ac-S

aint

-Jea

n. M

any

othe

r ind

ivid

uals

and

org

aniz

atio

ns p

rovi

ded

addi

tiona

l lea

ds, b

ackg

roun

d, g

radi

ng in

form

atio

n an

d di

rect

ions

to “

at ri

sk”

cem

eter

ies.

The

nam

es o

f res

earc

hers

and

thei

r sou

rces

of

info

rmat

ion

are

incl

uded

with

eac

h co

mpl

eted

cem

eter

y ev

alua

tion

form

.

Page 6

6

FIE

LD

WO

RK

: Fi

eld

rese

arch

took

pla

ce b

etw

een

Oct

ober

200

7 an

d M

arch

200

8, w

ith th

e bu

lk o

f it c

arrie

d ou

t bef

ore

the

early

snow

cur

taile

d ce

met

ery

visi

ts in

Nov

embe

r. R

esea

rche

rs v

isite

d ce

met

erie

s in

thei

r are

as, t

akin

g no

tes a

nd p

hoto

grap

hs a

nd c

olle

ctin

g ba

ckgr

ound

in

form

atio

n w

hene

ver p

ossi

ble.

Whe

n vi

sits

pro

ved

impr

actic

al, f

indi

ngs w

ere

base

d on

relia

ble

first

-han

d in

form

atio

n. A

dditi

onal

re

sear

ch o

n so

me

cem

eter

ies w

as c

ondu

cted

thro

ugho

ut th

e w

inte

r.

Onc

e co

mpl

eted

, cem

eter

y ev

alua

tions

, sup

plem

ente

d in

man

y ca

ses w

ith c

omm

ents

from

the

rese

arch

ers a

nd p

hoto

grap

hs, w

ere

subm

itted

to th

e pr

ojec

t lea

der.

They

wer

e th

en d

oubl

e-ch

ecke

d fo

r acc

urac

y an

d co

nsis

tenc

y (v

is-à

-vis

oth

er c

ompl

eted

cem

eter

y ev

alua

tions

), w

ith o

ccas

iona

l min

or a

djus

tmen

ts b

eing

mad

e to

num

eric

al g

rade

s whe

n th

ese

seem

ed e

ither

too

high

or t

wo

low

. In

this

w

ay, c

onsi

sten

cy w

as m

aint

aine

d th

roug

hout

the

proc

ess,

com

pens

atin

g fo

r diff

eren

ces o

f app

roac

h am

ong

rese

arch

ers a

nd fo

r the

su

bjec

tivity

that

inev

itabl

y en

ters

any

per

sona

l eva

luat

ion.

A

WO

RK

IN P

RO

GR

ESS

: Th

e sc

ope

of th

is p

roje

ct h

as b

een

vast

and

the

inve

ntor

y is

not

exh

aust

ive.

For

exa

mpl

e, th

e C

hâte

augu

ay V

alle

y an

d su

rrou

ndin

g ar

eas o

f sou

thw

est Q

uebe

c –

a re

gion

thou

ght t

o co

ntai

n no

few

er th

an 2

00 c

emet

erie

s – h

ave

not y

et b

een

incl

uded

. Sno

w a

lso

put a

n ea

rly h

alt t

o ce

met

ery

visi

ts, s

o so

me

area

s (e.

g., M

issi

squo

i) ha

ve y

et to

be

com

plet

ed. I

n ad

ditio

n, p

eopl

e ar

e st

ill re

porti

ng th

e ex

iste

nce

of b

uria

l gro

unds

that

they

feel

shou

ld b

e in

clud

ed in

our

inve

ntor

y. S

o, th

is in

vent

ory

shou

ld re

ally

be

cons

ider

ed a

wor

k in

pr

ogre

ss.

It sh

ould

als

o be

rem

embe

red

that

con

ditio

ns a

t any

giv

en c

emet

ery

may

impr

ove

(or d

eter

iora

te) a

t a fu

ture

dat

e. T

here

fore

, thi

s in

vent

ory

shou

ld b

e se

en a

s a “

snap

shot

” at

this

par

ticul

ar p

oint

in ti

me.

Page 7

7

PRO

BL

EM

S O

BSE

RV

ED

BY

FIE

LD

WO

RK

ER

S:

1)

LA

CK

OF

PER

SON

NE

L:

Prob

ably

the

mai

n pr

oble

m fa

cing

the

cem

eter

ies w

e ha

ve c

lass

ified

as b

eing

at r

isk

is a

n ag

ing

popu

latio

n an

d a

dwin

dlin

g po

ol o

f co

mm

itted

, loc

al, a

ble-

bodi

ed v

olun

teer

s. In

som

e ca

ses,

com

mun

ities

that

wer

e on

ce v

ibra

nt a

re d

ying

out

or h

ave

alre

ady

disa

ppea

red,

leav

ing

cem

eter

ies w

ith n

o on

e to

look

afte

r the

m in

the

vici

nity

, and

few

peo

ple

with

fam

ily c

onne

ctio

ns to

peo

ple

burie

d th

ere.

C

emet

erie

s tha

t onc

e ha

d ac

tive

asso

ciat

ions

man

agin

g th

em a

re n

ow b

eing

ove

rsee

n by

a h

andf

ul (a

t bes

t) of

seni

or c

itize

ns. I

n so

me

case

s, su

rviv

ing

trust

ees l

ive

outs

ide

the

area

, ofte

n at

an

extre

me

dist

ance

, lim

iting

thei

r inv

olve

men

t in

the

cem

eter

y to

alm

ost n

il. In

ca

ses w

here

com

mun

ities

hav

e di

ed o

ut, m

eetin

gs a

nd m

aint

enan

ce a

re sp

orad

ic, w

ith c

emet

erie

s fal

ling

into

neg

lect

or a

band

onm

ent.

Thes

e pr

oble

ms a

re a

cute

in th

e La

uren

tians

and

Sag

uena

y-La

c-Sa

int-J

ean,

as w

ell a

s in

parts

of E

strie

and

Mon

téré

gie,

whe

re th

e En

glis

h-sp

eaki

ng p

opul

atio

n is

dim

inis

hing

. 2)

PU

BL

IC IN

DIF

FER

EN

CE

/ L

AC

K O

F R

ESP

EC

T:

A p

robl

em n

oted

by

man

y of

the

peop

le w

e sp

oke

to is

the

shee

r lac

k of

inte

rest

in c

emet

erie

s am

ong

the

gene

ral p

opul

atio

n, a

nd

amon

g th

e yo

unge

r gen

erat

ion

espe

cial

ly. A

t som

e ce

met

erie

s, in

diff

eren

ce h

as m

utat

ed in

to a

mor

e ac

tive

disr

egar

d. In

such

cas

es,

cem

eter

ies a

re n

o lo

nger

seen

as t

he sa

cred

pla

ces t

hey

wer

e m

eant

to b

e; n

or a

s oas

es o

f pea

ce a

nd c

onte

mpl

atio

n; n

or a

s her

itage

si

tes t

o be

pre

serv

ed. T

hey

are

dark

pla

ces a

t the

frin

ges o

f soc

iety

, pla

ces t

o av

oid,

pla

ces t

o va

ndal

ize,

pla

ces t

o fo

rget

…

Con

tribu

ting

to th

is st

ate

of a

ffai

rs a

re a

num

ber o

f fac

tors

: the

mar

gina

lizat

ion

of re

ligio

n in

soci

ety;

a w

ides

prea

d un

ease

with

the

subj

ect o

f dea

th a

nd th

e rit

uals

ass

ocia

ted

with

it; u

rban

izat

ion

(with

the

resu

lting

dec

line

in th

e ru

ral p

opul

atio

n an

d a

loss

of

conn

ectio

n to

rura

l spa

ces a

mon

g ci

ty d

wel

lers

); an

incr

ease

d m

obili

ty a

mon

g th

e po

pula

tion

(peo

ple

are

muc

h le

ss li

kely

than

bef

ore

to li

ve in

one

pla

ce a

ll th

eir l

ives

); an

d th

e de

votio

n of

ava

ilabl

e fr

ee ti

me

to fa

mily

, pop

ular

ent

erta

inm

ent a

nd o

ther

inte

rest

s (as

op

pose

d to

cha

ritab

le p

ursu

its).

An

aggr

avat

ing

fact

or in

are

as w

here

the

Engl

ish

popu

latio

n ha

s bee

n re

plac

ed b

y a

Fren

ch o

ne is

the

fact

that

peo

ple

are

muc

h le

ss

likel

y to

feel

a c

onne

ctio

n to

a c

emet

ery

to w

hich

they

hav

e no

fam

ilial

or h

isto

ric ti

es.

Add

ed to

all

of th

ese

thin

gs is

the

fact

that

his

tory

and

her

itage

hav

e tra

ditio

nally

app

eale

d to

the

olde

r gen

erat

ion.

And

cem

eter

y m

anag

emen

t def

inite

ly te

nds t

o dr

aw fr

om th

is se

gmen

t of t

he p

opul

atio

n.

Page 8

8

3) O

RG

AN

IZA

TIO

NA

L P

RO

BL

EM

S:

Ano

ther

pro

blem

that

we

have

iden

tifie

d, a

nd o

ne th

at is

con

nect

ed to

the

abov

e-m

entio

ned

issu

es, i

s the

lack

of,

or p

oor,

orga

niza

tion

foun

d in

man

y tra

ditio

nally

Ang

loph

one

cem

eter

ies i

n Q

uebe

c. F

ar to

o m

any

cem

eter

ies h

old

mee

tings

onl

y oc

casi

onal

ly –

such

as

whe

n a

maj

or e

xpen

se n

eeds

app

rova

l or w

hen

a bo

ard

mem

ber q

uits

or d

ies.

Bas

ic g

rass

cut

ting

(and

littl

e m

ore)

is th

e pr

iorit

y, a

nd

this

at t

he e

xpen

se o

f gra

vest

one

repa

ir. C

aret

akin

g du

ties a

re c

ontra

cted

out

or p

erfo

rmed

by

volu

ntee

rs, w

ith n

o th

ough

t to

long

-term

pl

anni

ng. T

he re

sult

is th

at m

any

cem

eter

ies s

impl

y m

uddl

e th

roug

h, d

oing

the

min

imum

pos

sibl

e, w

ith li

ttle

or n

o ef

fort

to re

crui

t ne

w m

embe

rs, r

aise

fund

s, or

pla

n fo

r the

futu

re. I

ndee

d, w

e ha

ve e

ven

cem

eter

y as

soci

atio

ns w

ith si

zeab

le e

ndow

men

ts th

at a

re st

ill

relu

ctan

t to

spen

d th

eir m

oney

on

long

ove

rdue

repa

irs. T

he p

urse

strin

gs a

re k

ept t

ight

ly fa

sten

ed, w

hile

all

the

whi

le th

e gr

aves

tone

s ar

e fa

lling

apa

rt --

left

whe

re th

ey fa

ll or

pla

ced

som

ewhe

re a

t the

edg

e of

the

grav

eyar

d fo

r som

eone

els

e to

dea

l with

at s

ome

futu

re

date

whi

ch, o

f cou

rse,

nev

er a

rriv

es.

In so

me

case

s, ce

met

ery

asso

ciat

ions

hav

e be

com

e do

rman

t, ex

istin

g on

ly o

n pa

per.

The

pres

iden

t and

secr

etar

y m

ay c

ontin

ue (i

n na

me)

in th

eir f

unct

ions

for y

ears

at a

tim

e w

ithou

t bei

ng re

plac

ed. L

ittle

if a

ny b

usin

ess i

s con

duct

ed, h

owev

er, a

nd e

vent

ually

the

asso

ciat

ion

laps

es.

Surp

risin

gly,

org

aniz

atio

n is

a p

robl

em e

ven

whe

n a

chur

ch (U

nite

d or

Ang

lican

, for

exa

mpl

e) is

the

owne

r of t

he c

emet

ery.

We

have

fo

und

that

ther

e is

a p

rofo

und

indi

ffer

ence

am

ong

man

y ch

urch

off

icia

ls to

war

ds th

e ce

met

erie

s und

er th

eir c

are,

and

an

unw

illin

gnes

s to

inve

st in

the

upke

ep o

f cem

eter

y pr

oper

ties a

nd g

rave

ston

es. C

hurc

h at

tend

ance

is d

imin

ishi

ng, a

nd w

ith it

, rev

enue

. So,

qui

te

unde

rsta

ndab

ly, c

hurc

h of

ficia

ls a

re re

luct

ant t

o pa

rt w

ith th

e m

eage

r inc

ome

they

hav

e, w

hich

they

feel

wou

ld b

e be

tter s

pent

on

chur

ch (n

ot c

emet

ery)

upk

eep.

Cem

eter

ies a

re a

muc

h lo

wer

prio

rity

than

chu

rch

build

ings

. Th

is la

ck o

f int

eres

t is e

ven

mor

e ac

ute

whe

re c

ongr

egat

ions

(and

chu

rch

build

ings

) hav

e di

sapp

eare

d, le

avin

g on

ly th

e ce

met

ery

as a

re

min

der o

f the

chu

rch’

s pre

senc

e in

the

area

. In

som

e ca

ses,

chur

ch o

ffic

ials

hav

e no

kno

wle

dge

of th

e ex

iste

nce

of c

emet

erie

s und

er

thei

r cha

rge.

4)

PR

IVA

TE

OW

NE

RSH

IP:

Man

y ce

met

erie

s, pa

rticu

larly

in th

e ol

der p

arts

of E

strie

and

Mon

téré

gie,

are

situ

ated

on

priv

ate

prop

erty

. Lik

e ot

her t

ypes

of p

rivat

e pr

oper

ty, t

hese

cem

eter

ies –

for t

he m

ost p

art f

amily

or n

eigh

bour

hood

bur

ial g

roun

ds th

at n

ever

had

cad

astra

l num

bers

, leg

al

serv

itude

s, or

cem

eter

y as

soci

atio

ns a

ttach

ed to

them

– b

elon

g to

thos

e w

ho h

old

title

to th

em.

Priv

ate

owne

rshi

p of

cem

eter

ies r

aise

s a h

ost o

f que

stio

ns. I

s pub

lic a

cces

s ens

hrin

ed in

the

deed

s? Is

it a

t lea

st to

lera

ted

by th

e

Page 9

9

land

owne

rs?

Is a

nyon

e ca

ring

for t

he c

emet

ery?

If so

, how

are

the

grav

esto

nes a

nd g

roun

ds b

eing

mai

ntai

ned?

Is th

ere

a de

sire

on

the

part

of th

e ow

ner t

o m

aint

ain

the

cem

eter

y? Is

the

cem

eter

y se

en b

y th

e ow

ner a

s a h

erita

ge si

te o

r as a

pla

ce w

orth

y of

dig

nity

? If

not

, w

hat r

ecou

rse,

if a

ny, d

o de

scen

dant

s of t

hose

bur

ied

ther

e (o

r the

gen

eral

pub

lic) h

ave?

5)

PO

OR

OR

NO

N-E

XIS

TE

NT

CO

NSE

RV

AT

ION

PR

AC

TIC

ES:

A

n al

mos

t uni

vers

al p

robl

em (w

ith a

han

dful

of e

xcep

tions

) is t

he fa

ct th

at th

ere

is v

ery

little

– if

any

– c

onse

rvat

ion

bein

g do

ne o

n ol

d gr

aves

tone

s. W

hat c

onse

rvat

ion

is b

eing

car

ried

out i

s usu

ally

of a

n am

ateu

r, sl

ipsh

od n

atur

e. C

omm

only

, cem

ents

or e

poxi

es a

re

appl

ied

badl

y an

d w

ith n

o kn

owle

dge

of th

e lo

ng-te

rm e

ffec

ts su

ch tr

eatm

ents

will

hav

e on

gra

vest

ones

or o

n th

e ae

sthe

tic q

ualit

ies o

f th

e ce

met

ery

as a

who

le.

Ther

e is

a g

ener

al la

ck o

f tec

hnic

al k

now

ledg

e ab

out h

ow to

repa

ir br

oken

gra

vest

ones

so th

at re

pairs

will

last

, so

that

they

will

not

do

mor

e da

mag

e th

an g

ood,

and

so th

at th

ey w

ill b

e ae

sthe

tical

ly p

leas

ing.

Som

e of

the

repa

ir m

etho

ds p

opul

ar a

cen

tury

ago

hav

e pr

oven

qu

ite d

etrim

enta

l to

grav

esto

nes o

ver t

he lo

ng te

rm; t

he sa

me

may

be

true

of m

oder

n m

etho

ds th

at a

re n

ot p

rope

rly a

pplie

d. S

impl

y pu

t, ce

met

ery

care

take

rs a

re a

t a lo

ss a

bout

wha

t to

do, a

nd w

here

to tu

rn fo

r gui

danc

e.

Ano

ther

dis

turb

ing

prac

tice

is th

e co

nsol

idat

ion

of st

ones

into

stra

ight

, eas

y-to

-mow

row

s, or

into

cem

ent c

airn

s. R

emov

al o

f sto

nes

from

thei

r gra

vesi

tes d

estro

ys th

eir h

isto

ric c

onte

xt a

nd d

oes i

rrep

arab

le d

amag

e to

the

herit

age

valu

e of

the

cem

eter

y. W

e ha

ve

obse

rved

this

pra

ctic

e at

a n

umbe

r of c

emet

erie

s in

Estri

e an

d M

onté

régi

e. N

o do

ubt,

in so

me

inst

ance

s, it

was

don

e as

a la

st re

sort,

as

a m

eans

of s

alva

ging

ston

es th

at h

ad a

lread

y be

com

e se

para

ted

from

thei

r orig

inal

gra

vesi

tes.

But

it h

as a

lso

been

don

e as

a w

ay o

f fa

cilit

atin

g ce

met

ery

mai

nten

ance

. In

gen

eral

, cem

eter

ies a

re se

en m

ore

as si

mpl

y re

posi

torie

s of t

he d

ead

and

not s

o m

uch

(as t

hey

shou

ld b

e) a

s her

itage

site

s wor

thy

of

pres

erva

tion.

So

the

ston

es th

ey c

onta

in a

re n

ot g

iven

the

resp

ect,

and

are

not a

s jea

lous

ly c

onse

rved

as t

hey

wou

ld b

e if

thes

e si

tes

wer

e ap

prec

iate

d m

ore

for t

heir

hist

oric

val

ue.

6) V

AN

DA

LIS

M A

ND

TH

EFT

: V

anda

lism

and

thef

t are

spor

adic

at s

ome

cem

eter

ies;

inex

iste

nt a

t oth

ers.

And

ther

e se

ems t

o be

no

dire

ct c

orre

latio

n be

twee

n a

cem

eter

y’s i

sola

tion

(or i

ts p

roxi

mity

to h

uman

act

ivity

) and

the

likel

ihoo

d (o

r not

) of i

t bec

omin

g a

targ

et. A

cem

eter

y m

ay b

e si

tuat

ed in

the

hear

t of a

vill

age

and

surr

ound

ed b

y ho

mes

on

a w

ell-l

it st

reet

. Or i

t may

be

foun

d on

an

isol

ated

bac

k ro

ad, k

ilom

eter

s fr

om a

ny h

ouse

or l

ight

. In

eith

er c

ase,

it m

ay b

e ta

rget

ed. P

arad

oxic

ally

, eac

h of

thes

e ty

pes o

f situ

atio

ns m

ay h

elp

to p

rote

ct it

from

at

tack

.

Page 10

10

Two

obse

rvat

ions

may

be

note

d he

re. F

irst,

vand

alis

m is

con

duct

ed a

t nig

ht a

nd u

sual

ly in

the

dark

er re

cess

es o

f the

cem

eter

y.

Seco

nd, i

t usu

ally

invo

lves

you

ths w

ith to

o m

uch

time

on th

eir h

ands

. Lig

hts a

nd h

ouse

s are

goo

d de

terr

ents

. So

are

polic

e. B

ut o

f co

urse

, if n

o on

e kn

ows a

cem

eter

y is

ther

e, it

like

ly w

on’t

be “

hit”

– m

eani

ng th

at p

rivat

ely

owne

d ce

met

erie

s loc

ated

far f

rom

the

road

are

stra

ngel

y th

e m

ost i

mm

une

– at

leas

t fro

m v

anda

lism

(if n

ot th

eft o

r enc

roac

hmen

t).

7) T

HE

NA

TU

RA

L E

LE

ME

NT

S:

Cem

eter

ies t

hat h

ave

beco

me

negl

ecte

d fo

r any

per

iod

of ti

me

quic

kly

fall

prey

to th

e na

tura

l ele

men

ts. T

rees

and

veg

etat

ion

tend

to

encr

oach

in ju

st a

few

shor

t yea

rs. L

arge

r tre

es c

an d

o qu

ite a

bit

of d

amag

e if

thei

r roo

ts a

nd tr

unks

are

per

mitt

ed to

gro

w to

o cl

ose

to

grav

esto

nes.

It is

not

unc

omm

on to

see

grav

esto

nes i

n lo

ng u

nten

ded

cem

eter

ies e

mbe

dded

in th

e tru

nks o

f tre

es. F

allin

g br

anch

es c

an

do d

amag

e, a

s wel

l, sh

atte

ring

a gr

aves

tone

in a

n in

stan

t. A

nd g

rave

ston

es th

at a

re a

llow

ed to

fall

over

with

out b

eing

righ

ted

are

cove

red

by g

rass

and

eve

ntua

lly b

y ro

tting

veg

etat

ion.

Ove

r tim

e, th

ese

ston

es b

ecom

e sa

tura

ted

with

moi

stur

e an

d cr

umbl

e.

8) P

OL

LU

TIO

N:

Air

pollu

tion

is m

ost o

ften

a pr

oble

m in

cem

eter

ies s

ituat

ed c

lose

to la

rge

urba

n or

indu

stria

l cen

tres o

r alo

ng m

ajor

hig

hway

s. B

lack

ened

or e

rode

d st

one

is a

sym

ptom

of t

his p

robl

em.

9) E

NC

RO

AC

HM

EN

T /

DE

VE

LO

PME

NT

: En

croa

chm

ent b

y ne

ighb

ourin

g pr

oper

ty o

wne

rs is

a p

robl

em th

at o

ccur

s mos

t ofte

n w

hen

cem

eter

ies a

ppea

r unt

ende

d fo

r any

leng

th

of ti

me,

and

par

ticul

arly

whe

n th

ey a

re u

nfen

ced.

En

croa

chm

ent,

may

not

be

imm

edia

tely

app

aren

t. In

som

e ca

ses,

it oc

curs

in in

crem

ents

; in

othe

rs, a

t a q

uick

er p

ace.

We

have

seen

ex

ampl

es o

f far

mer

s mov

ing

grav

esto

nes s

o th

at th

ey c

ould

incr

ease

thei

r acr

eage

und

er c

ultiv

atio

n. In

at l

east

one

cas

e, a

farm

er

shift

ed in

war

ds a

n en

tire

fenc

e su

rrou

ndin

g a

cem

eter

y in

the

mid

dle

of h

is fi

eld

so th

at th

e ar

ea e

nclo

sed

was

con

side

rabl

y sm

alle

r th

an it

was

at t

he st

art.

Inde

ed, t

here

are

cas

es w

here

ent

ire c

emet

erie

s -- u

sual

ly o

ld fa

mily

bur

ial g

roun

ds --

hav

e di

sapp

eare

d al

toge

ther

, bul

ldoz

ed a

nd fo

rgot

ten

fore

ver.

Th

e pr

oble

m is

not

rest

ricte

d to

gra

veya

rds o

n pr

ivat

e pr

oper

ty. A

cas

e in

poi

nt is

the

encl

aved

Hill

Top

Cem

eter

y in

Fitc

h B

ay, w

hich

da

tes b

ack

to th

e ea

rly 1

800s

. Thi

s cem

eter

y, a

lthou

gh it

has

bee

n co

mpl

etel

y ab

ando

ned

for y

ears

, nev

erth

eles

s has

its o

wn

dist

inct

lo

t. Th

is, h

owev

er, h

as n

ot st

oppe

d ho

meo

wne

rs in

a n

earb

y su

b-de

velo

pmen

t fro

m e

xten

ding

thei

r law

ns in

to th

e gr

ound

s and

Page 11

11

pilfe

ring

slat

e gr

aves

tone

s for

use

as f

ront

step

s or a

s law

n or

nam

ents

. The

thef

t of g

rave

ston

es fo

r use

as p

avin

g st

ones

, ste

ps o

r ga

rden

art

is a

gro

win

g pr

oble

m.

10) M

ON

EY

: M

oney

is a

con

cern

at c

emet

erie

s tha

t hav

e no

t bee

n ab

le to

bui

ld e

ndow

men

ts th

roug

h be

ques

ts o

r don

atio

ns. W

hile

som

e as

soci

atio

ns h

ave

been

fortu

nate

in th

is re

gard

and

are

abl

e to

ope

rate

off

of t

he in

tere

st fr

om th

eir i

nves

tmen

ts, t

his i

s not

the

case

ev

eryw

here

. Man

y ce

met

erie

s, es

peci

ally

smal

l rur

al c

emet

erie

s and

thos

e at

tach

ed to

a c

hurc

h, a

re c

ontin

ually

stra

pped

for c

ash.

Ef

forts

to ra

ise

mon

ey a

re m

inim

al a

nd u

sual

ly c

over

onl

y ba

re m

aint

enan

ce. T

here

isn’

t suf

ficie

nt e

xper

tise

or le

ader

ship

to u

nder

take

an

y ki

nd o

f maj

or fi

nanc

ial c

ampa

ign.

And

rare

ly is

a p

rogr

am in

pla

ce to

repa

ir st

ones

– a

nd e

xtre

mel

y ra

rely

doe

s it i

nvol

ve p

rope

r re

stor

atio

n. C

emet

erie

s on

priv

ate

land

, of c

ours

e, u

sual

ly h

ave

no fu

ndin

g w

hats

oeve

r, un

less

they

hav

e be

en ta

ken

unde

r the

win

g of

an

org

aniz

atio

n su

ch a

s the

Mis

sisq

uoi H

isto

rical

Soc

iety

or t

he B

arns

ton

Her

itage

Cem

eter

ies A

ssoc

iatio

n.

Page 12

12

RE

CO

MM

EN

DA

TIO

NS:

B

ased

on

the

prec

edin

g, Q

AH

N w

ould

like

to m

ake

the

follo

win

g re

com

men

datio

ns.

1) Id

eally

, a c

ompl

ete

inve

ntor

y of

cem

eter

ies a

cros

s Que

bec

shou

ld b

e un

derta

ken,

incl

udin

g no

t jus

t cem

eter

ies c

urre

ntly

at r

isk,

but

al

l cem

eter

ies.

This

inve

ntor

y sh

ould

inco

rpor

ate

a gr

adin

g sy

stem

, alo

ng th

e lin

es o

f the

one

dev

elop

ed b

y Q

AH

N. Q

AH

N’s

ow

n In

vent

ory

give

s an

exce

llent

indi

catio

n of

the

scop

e of

the

prob

lem

s fac

ing

cem

eter

ies i

n th

e pr

ovin

ce, b

ut a

com

plet

e st

udy

is

esse

ntia

l. B

efor

e an

y fu

rther

step

s are

take

n on

a p

rovi

ncia

l lev

el, w

e m

ust k

now

wha

t we

have

. A si

mila

r rec

omm

enda

tion

was

mad

e by

the

Com

mis

sion

de

la c

ultu

re su

r l’a

veni

r du

patr

imoi

ne re

ligie

ux in

200

6.

2) T

here

nee

ds to

be

a co

ncer

ted

effo

rt am

ong

inte

rest

ed p

artie

s acr

oss Q

uebe

c to

edu

cate

the

gene

ral p

ublic

(esp

ecia

lly th

e yo

unge

r ge

nera

tion)

and

cem

eter

y cu

stod

ians

in p

artic

ular

abo

ut th

e pl

ace

that

cem

eter

ies h

old

in o

ur so

ciet

y –

not m

erel

y as

repo

sito

ries o

f the

de

ad, b

ut a

s im

porta

nt h

erita

ge si

tes w

orth

y of

pre

serv

atio

n. L

ocal

his

toric

al so

ciet

ies,

herit

age

grou

ps, h

erita

ge a

ctiv

ists

, and

co

mm

unity

org

aniz

atio

ns c

an a

ll pl

ay a

role

in th

is p

roce

ss. P

ublic

atio

ns, a

med

ia c

ampa

ign

and

educ

atio

nal p

rogr

ams c

an h

elp

fost

er

grea

ter a

war

enes

s in

our s

ocie

ty o

f cem

eter

ies a

nd th

e pr

oble

ms t

hey

face

. Mun

icip

al a

nd p

rovi

ncia

l gov

ernm

ents

shou

ld p

lay

a le

adin

g ro

le, s

ince

it is

qui

te p

ossi

ble

that

man

y ce

met

erie

s will

surv

ive

only

thro

ugh

legi

slat

ive

prot

ectio

n an

d go

vern

men

t fun

ding

. 3)

The

Gov

ernm

ent o

f Que

bec

shou

ld se

t up

a fu

nd fo

r cem

eter

y re

stor

atio

n an

d m

aint

enan

ce, p

refe

rabl

y on

e th

at is

com

plet

ely

inde

pend

ent o

f exi

stin

g fu

ndin

g pr

ogra

ms f

or c

hurc

hes a

nd o

ther

relig

ious

her

itage

site

s. Th

e fu

nd c

ould

be

sim

ilar i

n na

ture

to th

e on

e ad

min

iste

red

by th

e C

onse

il du

pat

rim

oine

relig

ieux

du

Qué

bec.

How

ever

, giv

en th

e m

agni

tude

of t

he p

robl

em, t

he n

umbe

r of

cem

eter

ies p

rivat

ely

owne

d or

ow

ned

by a

n as

soci

atio

n or

com

pany

with

no

relig

ious

aff

iliat

ion,

and

the

prio

rity

that

has

trad

ition

ally

be

en p

lace

d on

relig

ious

arc

hite

ctur

e (a

s opp

osed

to c

emet

erie

s), a

fund

shou

ld b

e de

vote

d st

rictly

to c

emet

erie

s -- a

nd to

cem

eter

ies o

f al

l typ

es. A

ratin

g sy

stem

cou

ld b

e de

velo

ped

to d

eter

min

e th

e he

ritag

e va

lue

of e

ach

cem

eter

y.

4) T

he G

over

nmen

t of Q

uebe

c sh

ould

set u

p a

prog

ram

, with

app

ropr

iate

fund

ing,

for t

rain

ing

spec

ialis

ts in

the

prop

er re

stor

atio

n an

d ca

re o

f gra

vest

ones

and

cem

eter

ies.

Pres

ently

ther

e ar

e fe

w p

eopl

e w

orki

ng in

this

fiel

d in

Que

bec.

Thi

s cou

ld b

e or

gani

zed

thro

ugh

the

Cen

tre d

e co

nser

vatio

n du

Qué

bec,

or a

s par

t of a

uni

vers

ity d

egre

e or

ceg

ep p

rogr

am. A

dire

ctor

y of

spec

ialis

ts c

ould

then

be

crea

ted

so th

at c

emet

erie

s in

need

wou

ld h

ave

som

ewhe

re to

turn

for h

elp.

A si

mila

r rec

omm

enda

tion

was

mad

e in

200

6 by

the

Com

mis

sion

de

la c

ultu

re –

at l

east

in te

rms o

f tra

inin

g an

d te

chni

cal s

uppo

rt fo

r pro

prie

tors

of “

relig

ious

her

itage

.”

Page 13

13

5) T

he G

over

nmen

t of Q

uebe

c sh

ould

set u

p a

prog

ram

whe

reby

stud

ents

cou

ld g

et m

eani

ngfu

l sum

mer

wor

k ex

perie

nce

as p

art o

f a

“cem

eter

y yo

uth

corp

s.” T

he m

anda

te o

f thi

s cor

ps w

ould

be

to h

elp

volu

ntee

r cem

eter

y tru

stee

s or l

ando

wne

rs c

ondu

ct b

asic

cle

an u

p op

erat

ions

(gra

ss c

uttin

g, fe

nce

men

ding

, bru

sh c

uttin

g, e

tc.)

at n

egle

cted

cem

eter

ies.

The

prog

ram

wou

ld in

clud

e tra

inin

g, fo

llow

ed

by h

ands

-on

field

wor

k. It

cou

ld b

e ad

min

iste

red

by E

mpl

oi-Q

uebe

c, p

ossi

bly

as a

pilo

t pro

ject

in th

e Ea

ster

n To

wns

hips

or s

ome

othe

r re

gion

whe

re m

any

cem

eter

ies c

an b

e fo

und

with

in a

smal

l geo

grap

hic

area

. It c

ould

take

pla

ce in

par

tner

ship

with

her

itage

gro

ups

(suc

h as

QA

HN

) and

loca

l cem

eter

y as

soci

atio

ns. T

he p

rogr

am w

ould

not

onl

y he

lp c

emet

ery

asso

ciat

ions

that

are

stru

gglin

g an

d co

ntrib

ute

tow

ards

the

pres

erva

tion

of o

ur h

erita

ge, b

ut it

wou

ld a

lso

help

spre

ad a

war

enes

s am

ong

yout

h ab

out t

he im

porta

nce

of

cem

eter

ies a

s her

itage

site

s. A

n ad

ded

bonu

s wou

ld b

e th

at it

wou

ld fo

ster

team

spiri

t, le

ader

ship

and

org

aniz

atio

nal s

kills

am

ong

parti

cipa

nts,

tool

s tha

t wou

ld se

rve

them

thro

ugho

ut th

eir l

ives

. 6)

The

Gov

ernm

ent o

f Que

bec

shou

ld a

men

d its

cem

eter

ies l

aws -

- bot

h C

atho

lic a

nd n

on-C

atho

lic --

to re

flect

a g

reat

er re

spec

t for

ce

met

erie

s as s

pirit

ual g

roun

ds a

nd a

s fin

al re

stin

g pl

aces

(in

ever

y se

nse

of th

e w

ord)

for t

hose

inte

rred

ther

e. L

aws n

eed

to p

rote

ct

from

dis

inte

rmen

t or d

esec

ratio

n no

t onl

y th

e bo

dies

ben

eath

the

grou

nd, b

ut a

lso

the

grav

esto

nes t

hat m

ark

thes

e bu

rials

. Cem

eter

ies

as e

nsem

bles

als

o ne

ed to

be

prot

ecte

d. C

atho

lic c

emet

ery

law

nee

ds to

be

re-w

ritte

n so

that

cem

eter

y co

mpa

nies

are

no

long

er fr

ee to

do

as t

hey

plea

se w

ith “

aban

done

d” p

lots

. Cem

eter

ies s

ituat

ed o

n pr

ivat

e pr

oper

ty n

eed

to b

e pr

otec

ted,

as w

ell.

Perh

aps a

pro

vinc

e-w

ide

mor

ator

ium

on

the

dest

ruct

ion

of c

emet

erie

s and

gra

vest

ones

shou

ld b

e co

nsid

ered

. Law

s, su

ch a

s the

Cem

eter

y C

ompa

nies

Act

, sh

ould

be

clar

ified

, so

that

the

right

s and

resp

onsi

bilit

ies o

f all

conc

erne

d (i.

e., c

aret

aker

s, la

ndow

ners

and

vis

itors

) are

und

erst

ood

by

all a

nd n

o lo

nger

the

subj

ect o

f spe

cula

tion.

Rig

hts o

f acc

ess t

o ce

met

erie

s on

priv

ate

prop

erty

shou

ld b

e en

shrin

ed fo

r car

etak

ers a

nd

visi

tors

alik

e.

7) M

unic

ipal

ities

shou

ld b

e en

cour

aged

to c

ite c

emet

erie

s of l

ocal

his

toric

al si

gnifi

canc

e as

her

itage

site

s. C

itatio

n at

the

mun

icip

al

leve

l off

ers h

erita

ge si

tes b

oth

prot

ectio

n an

d po

tent

ially

fund

ing

at th

e m

unic

ipal

leve

l. It

also

rend

ers t

hem

elig

ible

for f

undi

ng fr

om

the

Fond

s du

patr

imoi

ne c

ultu

rel q

uébé

cois

, and

pla

ces t

hem

in th

e Ré

pert

oire

du

patr

imoi

ne c

ultu

rel d

u Q

uébe

c. M

unic

ipal

cita

tion

is a

use

ful t

ool f

or sa

fegu

ardi

ng p

rivat

ely

owne

d bu

rial g

roun

ds fr

om d

estru

ctio

n by

land

owne

rs.

8) G

rave

des

ecra

tion

-- o

f bot

h bo

dies

and

gra

vest

ones

-- sh

ould

be

reco

gniz

ed a

nd p

unis

hed

as a

crim

e in

Can

ada.

The

Crim

inal

Cod

e sh

ould

be

amen

ded

to re

flect

this

. All

too

ofte

n ce

met

ery

vand

alis

m a

nd th

eft a

re tr

eate

d as

pra

nks o

r as m

inor

off

ence

s bar

ely

wor

thy

of p

rose

cutio

n. T

he d

ead

shou

ld b

e ac

cord

ed th

e re

spec

t the

y de

serv

e. A

nd th

eir f

inal

rest

ing

plac

e sh

ould

rem

ain

just

that

-- fi

nal.

Page 14

14

9) L

aws s

houl

d be

ena

cted

forb

iddi

ng th

e re

-sal

e of

old

gra

vest

ones

. Suc

h le

gisl

atio

n ha

s alre

ady

been

pas

sed

in so

me

juris

dict

ions

in

the

Uni

ted

Stat

es (M

assa

chus

etts

, for

exa

mpl

e), a

nd se

rves

as a

det

erre

nt to

gra

vest

ones

thef

t. 10

) Cus

todi

ans o

f est

ablis

hed

cem

eter

ies s

houl

d be

enc

oura

ged

to ta

ke o

n th

e m

anag

emen

t of n

earb

y or

phan

ed c

emet

erie

s, to

at l

east

en

sure

a b

asic

leve

l of u

pkee

p, p

rope

r sig

nage

, and

so o

n. A

ssoc

iate

d le

gal a

nd a

dmin

istra

tive

cost

s cou

ld b

e fu

nded

thro

ugh

the

new

pr

ovin

cial

cem

eter

y fu

nd.

11) C

emet

ery

cust

odia

ns sh

ould

be

enco

urag

ed to

reac

h ou

t to

a br

oade

r seg

men

t of t

he p

opul

atio

n. T

hey

need

to e

xpan

d th

eir

dem

ogra

phic

bas

e. F

or e

xam

ple,

trad

ition

ally

Eng

lish

cem

eter

y as

soci

atio

ns sh

ould

invo

lve

Fren

ch-s

peak

ing

volu

ntee

rs in

tere

sted

in

herit

age;

they

shou

ld e

ndea

vor t

o m

ake

the

cem

eter

y a

hist

oric

site

for t

he a

rea,

not

just

for l

ocal

Eng

lish

spea

kers

. 12

) Cem

eter

y cu

stod

ians

nee

d to

thin

k cr

eativ

ely

in te

rms o

f fun

drai

sing

. Fun

drai

sing

and

oth

er c

emet

ery

activ

ities

nee

d to

be

kept

in

the

publ

ic e

ye th

roug

h co

nsta

nt m

edia

pub

licity

. The

cem

eter

y sh

ould

be

turn

ed in

to a

“ca

use”

– a

nd e

ffor

ts sh

ould

be

aim

ed n

ot ju

st

at a

cer

tain

segm

ent o

f the

pop

ulat

ion

but a

t eve

ryon

e. C

emet

erie

s can

als

o be

mar

kete

d as

loca

l tou

rist a

ttrac

tions

, with

gui

ded

tour

s of

fere

d fo

r a fe

e. A

tour

of l

ocal

cem

eter

ies c

an e

ven

be p

ublis

hed,

the

prof

its fr

om sa

les g

oing

tow

ards

upk

eep.

13

) Her

itage

tour

ism

, an

ever

-gro

win

g se

ctor

of t

he o

vera

ll to

uris

m in

dust

ry in

Que

bec,

shou

ld b

ette

r ref

lect

the

impo

rtanc

e of

ce

met

erie

s as h

erita

ge si

tes.

Cem

eter

ies c

an b

e fa

scin

atin

g pl

aces

to v

isit,

tran

quil

encl

aves

with

in to

wns

and

vill

ages

, off

erin

g re

spite

fr

om th

e no

ise

and

traff

ic o

f the

wor

ld a

roun

d th

em, o

r ple

asan

t sto

ps a

long

qui

et c

ount

ry ro

ads.

They

can

be

inco

rpor

ated

into

tour

s of

regi

onal

her

itage

site

s or t

hey

can

be th

e at

tract

ions

them

selv

es. I

n ei

ther

cas

e, c

emet

erie

s and

the

hist

ory

they

con

tain

repr

esen

t po

tent

ially

impo

rtant

ass

ets i

n th

e he

ritag

e to

uris

m se

ctor

.

Page 15

15

FIN

DIN

GS:

SU

MM

AR

Y:

Res

earc

hers

hav

e ex

amin

ed 3

11 c

emet

erie

s to

date

-- a

con

side

rabl

e sa

mpl

e by

any

def

initi

on. O

ut o

f tha

t num

ber,

we

have

cla

ssifi

ed

130,

or 4

1.8

%, a

s bei

ng a

t ris

k. M

any

of th

ese

may

be

cons

ider

ed se

vere

ly a

t ris

k. A

furth

er 2

7 ce

met

erie

s, or

8.7

%, h

ave

disa

ppea

red

alto

geth

er. W

hen

com

bine

d, th

ese

figur

es to

tal o

ver h

alf o

f all

the

cem

eter

ies c

onsi

dere

d fo

r thi

s stu

dy. T

his i

s ala

rmin

g,

to sa

y th

e le

ast.

And

thes

e nu

mbe

rs w

ill a

lmos

t cer

tain

ly ri

se if

the

trend

s we

have

obs

erve

d co

ntin

ue.

FIN

DIN

GS

(BY

AD

MIN

IST

RA

TIV

E R

EG

ION

):

Est

rie

Eval

uate

d: 1

91

At r

isk:

77

Extin

ct: 2

6 A

t Ris

k:

0-10

Poi

nts

11-2

0 Po

ints

21

-30

Poin

ts

31-4

0 Po

ints

41

-49

Poin

ts

Inco

mpl

ete

Dat

a

Ext

inct

T

otal

at R

isk

/ Ext

inct

10

10

7 17

13

20

26

10

3

Page 16

16

Mon

téré

gie

Eval

uate

d: 8

1

At r

isk:

32

Extin

ct: 1

A

t Ris

k:

0-10

Poi

nts

11-2

0 Po

ints

21

-30

Poin

ts

31-4

0 Po

ints

41

-49

Poin

ts

Inco

mpl

ete

Dat

a E

xtin

ct

Tot

al a

t Ris

k / E

xtin

ct

2 3

4 8

6 9

1 33

Lau

rent

ides

Ev

alua

ted:

33

At r

isk:

16

At R

isk:

0-

10 P

oint

s 11

-20

Poin

ts

21-3

0 Po

ints

31

-40

Poin

ts

41-4

9 Po

ints

In

com

plet

e D

ata

Ext

inct

T

otal

at R

isk

/ Ext

inct

1 1

3 4

7 0

0 16

Page 17

17

Sagu

enay

-Lac

-Sai

nt-J

ean

Eval

uate

d: 4

A

t ris

k: 4

A

t Ris

k:

0-10

Poi

nts

11-2

0 Po

ints

21

-30

Poin

ts

31-4

0 Po

ints

41

-49

Poin

ts

Inco

mpl

ete

Dat

a E

xtin

ct

Tot

al a

t Ris

k / E

xtin

ct

0 0

0 1

1 2

0 4

Out

aoua

is

Eval

uate

d: 2

A

t ris

k: 1

A

t Ris

k:

0-10

Poi

nts

11-2

0 Po

ints

21

-30

Poin

ts

31-4

0 Po

ints

41

-49

Poin

ts

Inco

mpl

ete

Dat

a E

xtin

ct

Tot

al a

t Ris

k / E

xtin

ct

0 0

0 1

0 0

0 1

TO

TA

LS:

Ev

alua

ted:

311

A

t ris

k: 1

30

Extin

ct: 2

7

Page 18

18

CE

ME

TE

RIE

S A

T R

ISK

: EV

AL

UA

TIO

N F

OR

MS:

Page 19

19

EST

RIE

M

RC

Asb

esto

s C

oatic

ook

Le G

rani

t Le

Hau

t-Sai

nt-F

ranç

ois

Le V

al S

aint

-Fra

nçoi

s M

emph

rém

agog

Ex

tinct

Cem

eter

ies,

Estri

e

Page 20

20

CE

ME

TE

RIE

S A

T R

ISK

: N

ame

of C

emet

ery:

Tho

mps

on

Mun

icip

ality

: Ham

-Sud

M

RC

: Asb

esto

s A

dmin

istr

ativ

e R

egio

n: E

strie

R

ecor

d C

reat

ed b

y: M

atth

ew F

arfa

n (S

ourc

es: W

ells

Coa

tes &

Kei

th B

enne

tt; M

egan

tic C

ompt

on C

emet

ery

and

Chu

rch

Ass

ocia

tion)

A

ddre

ss /

Dir

ectio

ns

Bri

ef h

isto

ry o

f Est

ablis

hing

C

omm

unity

, Rel

igio

us

Con

greg

atio

n or

Fam

ily

Leg

al

Ow

ner

Cus

todi

an

Gov

erna

nce

Stru

ctur

e C

onta

ct In

fo

(Con

tact

per

son(

s),

mai

ling

addr

ess,

tele

phon

e nu

mbe

r,

emai

l)

Dat

e of

E

arlie

st

Bur

ial

Dat

e of

M

ost

Rec

ent

Bur

ial

Cem

eter

y St

atus

(A

ctiv

e /

Inac

tive)

Cem

eter

y Si

ze

(squ

are

met

res)

Num

ber

of

Bur

ials

5 km

S. o

f Ham

-Sud

on

W

side

of r

d., a

shor

t dis

tanc

e al

ong

disa

ffec

ted

rd. T

he

extin

ct c

omm

unity

of E

rle is

a

little

to th

e so

uth

of h

ere.

Erle

was

onc

e a

thriv

ing

com

mun

ity w

ith a

scho

ol,

chur

ch a

nd a

num

ber o

f hom

es.

Toda

y th

ere

are

alm

ost n

o tra

ces l

eft.

This

gra

veya

rd m

ust

have

serv

ed a

s a

neig

hbou

rhoo

d bu

rial s

ite.

La

kesi

de

Cem

eter

y,

Dud

swel

l

1858

19

13

Inac

tive

App

rox.

20

X 3

0 m

etre

s

38+

Page 21

21

CE

ME

TE

RIE

S A

T R

ISK

: N

ame

of C

emet

ery:

Tho

mps

on

Mun

icip

ality

: Ham

-Sud

M

RC

: Asb

esto

s A

dmin

istr

ativ

e R

egio

n: E

strie

R

ecor

d C

reat

ed b

y: M

atth

ew F

arfa

n (S

ourc

es: W

ells

Coa

tes &

Kei

th B

enne

tt; M

egan

tic C

ompt

on C

emet

ery

and

Chu

rch

Ass

ocia

tion)

Con

ditio

n of

Gro

unds

(25

Pts)

C

ondi

tion

of G

rave

ston

es (2

5 Pt

s)

Gen

eral

app

eara

nce

(0

-5 P

ts)

Gat

es /

Fenc

es

(0-5

Pts

) L

awns

, shr

ubs,

tree

s, su

ppor

t bui

ldin

gs

(0-5

Pts

)

Acc

ess

(0-5

Pts

) Si

gn

(0-5

Pts

) O

vera

ll co

nditi

on

(0-5

Pts

) L

egib

ility

of

insc

ript

ions

(0

-10

Pts)

Eff

ecte

d re

pair

s hav

e em

ploy

ed

prop

er c

onse

rvat

ion

tech

niqu

es

(0-1

0 Pt

s)

2 3

1 1 (a

djac

ent t

o an

ab

ando

ned

dirt

road

)

2 1

2 0

Page 22

22

C

EM

ET

ER

IES

AT

RIS

K:

Nam

e of

Cem

eter

y: T

hom

pson

M

unic

ipal

ity: H

am-S

ud

MR

C: A

sbes

tos

Adm

inis

trat

ive

Reg

ion:

Est

rie

Rec

ord

Cre

ated

by:

Mat

thew

Far

fan

(Sou

rces

: Wel

ls C

oate

s & K

eith

Ben

nett;

Meg

antic

Com

pton

Cem

eter

y an

d C

hurc

h A

ssoc

iatio

n)

Man

agem

ent (

20 P

ts)

Rec

ords

(1

0 Pt

s)

Oth

er T

hrea

ts

(20

Pts)

T

otal

Poi

nts

Com

men

ts /

Rec

omm

enda

tions

Inco

rpor

ated

ass

ocia

tion,

co

mm

ittee

or

oth

er c

usto

dian

(h

isto

rica

l soc

iety

, m

unic

ipal

ity,

chur

ch, f

amily

, etc

.) (0

-5 P

ts)

Lev

el o

f in

volv

emen

t (n

umbe

r an

d ag

e of

vol

unte

ers,

exis

tenc

e of

pai

d st

aff,

etc.

) (0

-5 P

ts)

End

owm

ent;

ot

her

long

-ter

m

fund

ing

stra

tegi

es(0

-10

Pts)

Cem

eter

y m

ap; a

ccur

acy

and

com

plet

enes

s of

docu

men

tatio

n of

bur

ials

(0-1

0 Pt

s)

Low

-ris

k fr

om

vand

alis

m, t

heft

, en

croa

chm

ent b

y ne

arby

pro

pert

ies,

envi

ronm

enta

l da

mag

e, o

r ot

her

exte

rnal

thre

ats

(20

Pts)

Add

up

all t

he

poin

ts to

get

a

tota

l out

of 1

00

#C97

on

the

Meg

antic

Com

pton

Cem

eter

y an

d C

hurc

h A

ssoc

iatio

n m

ap. L

akes

ide

Cem

eter

y in

Dud

swel

l doe

s min

imal

mai

nten

ance

on

this

or

phan

cem

eter

y. T

his i

nclu

des o

ccas

iona

l m

owin

g an

d br

ush

cutti

ng. T

he fe

nce

is in

go

od re

pair.

Mos

t of t

he st

ones

, how

ever

, ar

e br

oken

and

the

piec

es h

ave

been

gro

uped

in

the

cent

re u

nder

a e

ngra

ved

woo

den

mem

oria

l w

ith th

e na

mes

of t

hose

bur

ied

(and

“M

aybe

O

ther

”). O

nly

3 or

4 o

f the

larg

er st

ones

are

in

thei

r orig

inal

loca

tions

. Ver

y is

olat

ed.

2 1

0 0

4 19

Page 23

23

CE

ME

TE

RIE

S A

T R

ISK

: N

ame

of C

emet

ery:

Bal

dwin

-Whe

eler

M

unic

ipal

ity: C

oatic

ook

MR

C: C

oatic

ook

Adm

inis

trat

ive

Reg

ion:

Est

rie

Rec

ord

Cre

ated

by:

Les

lie N

utbr

own

Add

ress

/ D

irec

tions

Bri

ef h

isto

ry o

f Est

ablis

hing

C

omm

unity

, Rel

igio

us

Con

greg

atio

n or

Fam

ily

Leg

al

Ow

ner

Cus

todi

an

Gov

erna

nce

Stru

ctur

e C

onta

ct In

fo

(Con

tact

per

son(

s),

mai

ling

addr

ess,

tele

phon

e nu

mbe

r,

emai

l)

Dat

e of

E

arlie

st

Bur

ial

Dat

e of

M

ost

Rec

ent

Bur

ial

Cem

eter

y St

atus

(A

ctiv

e /

Inac

tive)

Cem

eter

y Si

ze

(squ

are

met

res)

Num

ber

of

Bur

ials

From

Bar

nsto

n go

tow

ard

Bal

dwin

’s M

ills o

n th

e B

aldw

in-B

arns

ton

Rd.

The

ce

met

ery

is o

n th

e rig

ht a

t th

e ju

nctio

n of

Bal

dwin

-B

arns

ton

and

Trem

blay

Rds

.

Fam

ily.

B

arns

ton

Her

itage

C

emet

ery

Ass

ocia

tion

Inco

rpor

ated

as

soci

atio

n B

arns

ton

Her

itage

C

emet

ery

Ass

ocia

tion

(Jim

Bel

knap

)

1814

19

33

Inac

tive

App

rox.

48

m²

23+