iq ¿ yd uOHu mrsudK jHjidhlhska i|yd fmagkaÜ n,m;% ms<sn| ye|skaùula jHdmdr i|yd nqoaêuh foam, ud ¾ f.`mfoaY ud,dj iqrCIs; wkd.;hla 3 wxl:
iq¿ yd uOHu mrsudK jHjidhlhska i|ydfmagkaÜ n,m;% ms<sn| ye|skaùula
jHdmdr i|ydn qo aêuh fo am,
ud¾f.`mfo aY ud,dj
iiqqrrCCIIss;; wwkkdd..;;hhllaa
3wxl:
1
fuu w;a fmd; jHdmdr i|yd nqoêuh foam, hk uefhka m<jq fmd;a fm<l ;=kajekak fõX uq,slj fuu.ska kj yd ksrAudKYS,s woyia yd ;dlaIKsl Yla;Skam%fhdackhg .ksuska jHdmdrfha yelshdjka Wmrsu lr .; yels m%Odk;uWmlrKh jk fmagkaÜ whs;sh ms<sn|j idlÉPdjg ,la flfrAX jHdmdrfha oekqukï iïm;, tkï jsfYaIfhka kj woyia yd ixl,am l<uKdlrKh lsrSu u.skablaukska fjkia jk ;rÕldrs jHdmdr mrsirhlg jvd;a fyd|ska uqyqK oSug,jHdmdr Wmdh udrA. fjkia lsrSug, jHdmdr mrsir ;;ajhkag wkq.;ùug ydkj wjia:d Wodlr .ekSug fmagkaÜ whs;sh ms<sn|j oekqu m%fhdackj;a fjzX
wo mj;skafka oekqu mokï lr.;a wdrA:slhla nj Tn okakd lreKlsX tjeks;;a;ajhla ;=, ksrAudKYS,s jHdmdrhka i;= fmagkaÜ whs;sh hkq jHdmdrfham%Odk;u Wmdh udrA.h fõX fuu w;a fmd;ska TzkEu jHdmdrhla i|yd fmagkaÜwhs;sh ksid ,efnk jdiska ms<sn| jvd ir,j yd m%dfhda.slj jsia;r flfrhsX fuuw;a fmdf;ka m%dfhda.sl f;dr;=re fukau fmagkaÜ iuznkaO uq,sl wjfndaOh ,ndfohs’ kj ksrAudKhl whs;sh ;yjqre lsrSu kS;suh l%ShdudrA.hlos ke;skï fmagkaÜwhs;sh n,d;aul lr .ekSfïos fmagkaÜ iïnkaO jsfYaI{hl=f.a Wmfoia ,nd .ekSujvd jsplaIKYS,S fõX fmagkaÜz iïznkaO jsfYaI{ Wmfoia ,nd .ekSfïos jvd ksjerosm%Yak weiSug fuu w;a fmd; bjy,a jk nj udf.a jsYajdihhsX
;u jHdmdrfha wf,ú yd wmkhk Wmdh udrA. yd kj ;dlaIKh” fmagkagz WmdhudrA. iu. taldnoaO lr .ekSfï wruqK we;sj iq¿ yd uOHu mrsudKjHdmdrslhska fuu w;a fmd; Ndú;hg Wkka\q lsrSu wmf.a n,dfmdfrd;a;=jhsXnqoaêuh foam, ms<sn|j f,dal ixúOdkh fuu w;a fmd; iuznkaOj Tnf.a woyia ydfhdackd n,dfmdfrd;a;= fjzX f,dj mqrd úisrs isgsk iq¿Z yd uOHu mrsudKjHdmdrslhska kj wjYH;d yd thg jsi\quz yªkd .eksug;a ta wkqj fuu w;a fmd;m%;sfYdaOkhg ,la lsrSug Tnf.a woyia uy;a rel=,la jk nj wm ixjsOdkfhajsYajdih fjzX
cd;sl ugzgfuz ixjsOdk yd yjq,a lrejka iu.Z iyfhda.fhka fuu w;a fmd; ta targj, wjYH;djhka wkqj ilia l, yels w;r ta i|yd Wkka\qjla olajk wdh;kf,dal nqoaOsuh foam, ixjsOdkh weu;Sfuka fuys w;a msgm;a ,nd.; yelshsX
yeoskaùu
ww
w.
wi
po
.i
nt
/s
me
/
jjHHddmmddrr ii||yydd nnqqooaaêêuuhh ffooaamm,, uuddrrAAff..`mmffooaaYY uudd,,ddjj
1. §Tng;a ,l=Kla§ - fj<| ,l=Kq wdrlaIKh( iq¿Z yd uOHu mrsudKfha jHjidhlhska
i|yd fj<| ,l=Kq ms<sn| ye|skajSula' ^nqoaOsuh foam, ms<sn| f,dal ixúOdkh - 900 jeks
m%ldYkh&
2. §fyd| fmkqula§ - ldrAusl ie,iqï wdrlaIKh( iq¿Z yd uOHu mrsudKfha jHjidhlhska
i|yd ldrAusl ie,iqï ms<sn| ye|skajSulaX ^nqoaèuh foam, ms<sn| f,dal ixúOdkh - 498 jeks
m%ldYkh&
3. §iqrCIs; wkd.;hla§ - fmagkaÜ wdrlaIKh( iq¿Z yd uOHu mrsudKfha
jHjidhlhska i|yd fmagkaÜ n,m;% ms<sn| ye|skajSulaX ^nqoaOsuh foam, ms<sn| f,dal
ixúOdkh - 917 jeks m%ldYkh&
4. §ksrAudKYS,s Tng m%;srEmk wdrlaIKh§( iq¿Z yd uOHu mrsudKfha jHjidhlhska
i|yd m%;srEmk whs;sh ms<sn| ye|skajSulaX ^nqoaOsuh foam, ms<sn| f,dal ixúOdkh - 918
jeks m%ldYkh&
by; ish¿ m%ldYk my; i|yka fjí wvjsfhka ,nd .; yel(
www.wipo.int/ebookshop
iq¿ yd uOHu mrsudK jHjidh ixjrAOk jHdmD;sh ^m%;srEmk whs;sh 2010& bx.%sis wkqjdofha
m%;srEmk whs;sh nqoaOsuh foam, ms<sn| f,dal ixúOdkh (WIPO) ^m%;srEmk whs;sh 2006&
fuu m%ldYkfha wvx.= lreKq iïmqrAKfhkau fyda fldgia jYfhka fyda jsoaHq;a uÕska fyda
hdka;%sl udrA.hlska fyda fjk;a lsisu whqrlska m%;siïmdokh lsrSu fyda iïfm%aIKh lsrSu fyda
Y%S ,xldj ;=< fnod yerSu ysñ iq¿ yd uOHu mrsudK jHjidh ixjrAOk jHdmD;sfha (Project SMED)mqrAj wkque;shlska f;drj is\q fkdl, hq;=h’
úússsshhddppkkhh(( fuu fmdf;ys wvx.= f;dr;=re jD;a;Sh kS;s Wmfoia i|yd wdfoaYlhla fkdjk njie,lsh hq;=h’ fuys wvx.= jkafka jsIhh ms<sn| uq,sl f;dr;=re muKsX
fuu m%ldYkh nqoaOsuh foam, ms<sn| f,dal ixúOdkfha (WIPO) mQrAj wkque;sh iys;j mrsjrA;kh
lr m%;siïmdokh lrk ,o’S fuys uq,a bx.%sis wkqjdofha m%;srEmk whs;sh nqoaOsuh foam, ms<sn|
f,dal ixúOdkh (WIPO) i;= jk w;r tu m%ldYkh www.wipo.int/sme/en/documents/guides/ fjnz
wvjsfhys olajd we;’ mrsjrA;kh lrk ,o fmdf;ys wvx.= f;dr;=re j, ksj/os Ndjh ms<sn|j
mQrAK j.lSu Y%S ,xldfjz iq¿ yd uOHu mrsudK jHjidh ixjrAOk jHdmD;sh (Project SMED) i;= jk
w;r ta ms,sn|j nqoaOsuh foam, ms<sn| f,dal ixúOdkfha j.lSula fkdue;s nj ie,lsh hq;=h’
2
ww
w.
wi
po
.i
nt
/s
me
/
mgqk
msgqj
fmagkaÜ 3
fmagkaÜ n,m;%h ,nd .kafka flfiao@ 16
jsfoaY rglos fmagkaÜ wdrlaIKh 30
fmagkaÜz .; ;dlaIKh jdkscHlrKh 34
fmagkaÜ whs;sh n,d;aul lsrSu 39
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1. fmagkaÜ
fmagkaÜ hkq l=ulao@fmagkaÜ hkq ldrAusl fhoùula f,i Ndú;d l,
yels kfjHda;amdokhla i|yd rch u.ska ,nd
fok wkkHjq mru whs;shlsX
fmagkaÜ whs;sh u.ska tys whs;slreg" ksmehqu
/l.ekSug fyda whs;slref.a mqrAj wkque;shlska
f;drj fjk;a mdrAYjhka úiska ksujqu
ksIamdokh lsrSu" Ndú;h" wf,úhg wekjquz lr
.ekSu" wf,úh” ksujqu fyda ksIamdok l%shdj,sh
wdkhkh ;ykuz lsrSug wkkHjq whs;shla ysusfõX
fmagkaÜ hkq b;d n,j;a jHdmdrsl WmlrKhlsX
tu.ska jHdmdrhlg" Tjqkag iqjsfYaIs jq
NdKavhla fyda ksIamdok l%shdj,shla mj;ajd
f.k hdug;a" fj<|m, ;=, Yla;su;a ia:dkhla
we;slr .ekSug;a” n,m;% ksl=;a lsrSu u.ska
wu;r wdodhula Wmhd .ekSug;a wjia:dj ysusfõX
leurd" cx.u \qrl:k" fudagrA r: jeks ixlsrAK
NdKav we;eï jsg fmagkagz wdjrK lsysmhlska
wdjrKh hk kj ksujquz lsysmhl tl;=jla fõzX
tfiau úúsO fmagkagz ysuslrejkaf.a whs;Skays
tl;=jla o fõX
rgla we;=,;oS kuz cd;sl fmagkaÜ ldrAhd,hla
u.ska o” rgj,a lsysmhl tl;=jloS kuz l,dmSh
fmagkagz ldrAhd,h u.ska o fmagkagz iy;sl ksl=;a
flfrAX fmagkagz iy;slh i|yd j,x.= ld,hla
we;s w;r idudkHfhka th wod, .di;= kshñ;
mrsos f.ùu u.ska fmagkagz n,m;% wh\qïm;%h
mqrjk ,o oskfha isg wjqre\q 20 l ld,hla ioZyd
n, meje;afjzX fmagkagz whs;sh huz rgl fyda
l,dmhl N+f.da,Sh udhsuzj,g iSud jqjlsX
tfiau tys whs;slre jsiska fmagkagz wh\quzm;
iuzmqrAK lsrSfïos ksuejqu ms<sn| i;H yd
iuzmqrAK úia;rhla bosrsm;a l< hq;=fjz’
msrskuk fmagkaÜ whs;sh yd fmagkaÜ wh\quzm;a
ms<sn| f;dr;=re rdcH m%ldYk fyda .eiÜz m;%
j, m, lsrSu u.ska uyck;dj oekqj;a l<
hq;=fõ’
3
wd¾ckagshdkq cd;sl yshqf.da T,sfjzrd frdfnrAfgdaldvka iy tvshqrAfvda *rAkekaviaa hk kjksmehquzlrejkaf.a fidhd .ekSula jk nSu fnda;,a uqäjsjD; lrk WmlrKhla rgj,a 20 lg jeä .Kklfmagkagz .;jS we;X fviafl%drAfcgz hk fj<|kduhhgf;a ksujqïlrejka jsiskau wdrïN lrk ,o iud.ulaayryd f,dj mqrd NdKav wf,úh is\qlrhsX
fldrshdkq fudagrA ihsl,a ysia jeiqï ksIamdok iud.ulajk HJCys kj ksujï i|yd f,dj mqrd rgj,a 42 lafmagkaÜ whs;sh ysñhsX Tjqkaf.aaa ksIamdok j,ska 95% lau wmkhk ioZyd fhdod .kS’ uq:Z jsl=Kqï j,ska 10% lamrAfhaIK yd ixjrAOk lghq;= j,g fhdojhsX thskafmkS hkafka fuu lrAudka;h ;=, ch.%yK ,nd .ekSui|yd kj ksujqï fld;rï odhl jkafkao hkakhsX
kj fidhd .ekSula hkq l=ulao@fmagkaÜ iïnkaO l:sldj ;=, kj fhdod .ekSula
hkq ldrAñl .e¿jla i|yd kj yd ksrAudKd;aul
úi\qula ,nd oSuhsX th iuyr jsg w¿;au fohla
ksIamdokh lsrSu” kj l%uhla fyda l%shdj,ska
ksmojSu fyda óg wu;rj okakd NdKavhla fyda
ls%hdj,shka i|yd meyeos,s oshqKqjla lrk kj
fidhd .ekSula úh yelshsX oekg mj;sk fohla kj
fidhd .ekSula f,i fkdi,lk w;r ta i|yd ñksia
fl!I,H yelshdj" ksrAudKYS,s;ajh yd kj woyia
iïnkaO lr .; hq;=fjz’
wo jk jsg we;s kj fidhd .ekSï fkdkj;sk
W;aidyh yd ixjrAOk lghq;= i|yd lrk
os.=ld,Sk wdfhdackj, m%;sm,hlsX fndfyduhla
ir, yd ñ< wOsl fkdjk ;dlaIKsl oshqKq lsrï
i|yd by, fj<| w.hla we;s w;r th ksuejqï
lrejkag yd iud.ï fj; ie,lsh hq;= wdodhï yd
,dN w;a lr fohsX
4
ww
w.
wi
po
.i
nt
/s
me
/
kj fidhd .ekSul we;s jdiskj fidhd .ekSula yd kj ksmehqï w;r fjki
y\qkd.ekSu jeo.;ahX kj fidhd .ekSula hkq
ldrAñl .eg¿jlg ldrAñl jsiªula ,nd oSuhsX
th kj ixl,amhla fyda iuyrúg th jev
wdlD;shla fyda uq,dorAYhla f,i mj;SX kj
ksmehqï hkq kj ixl,amhla NdKavhla fyda
l%shdj,shlg fhdod f.k wf,úlr .; yels f,i
ilia lsrSuhsX jHdmdr úiska kj fidhd .ekSï
i|yd jeä wjOdkhla fhduq lrk idOl jkqfha"
ksIamdok l%shdj,sh jevs oshqKq lsrSu yryd
jshoï wvq lr .ekSu yd M,odhs;djh jevs
oshqKq lsrSuX
mdrsfNda.sl wjYH;d wkqj kj ksIamdok
yªkajd oSuX
mj;sk fj<| ;r.Zldrs;ajh ;=, bosrsfhkau
jHdmdrh mj;ajd .ekSu yd fj<|mf,ys ;u
wf,js wjia:d jevslr .ekSuX
jHdmdrfha iy tys .Kqfokq lrejkaf.a
ksjeros yd uq,sl wjYH;djhka iM, lr
.ekSug yels mrsos ;dlaIKh jrAOkh lr
.ekSuX
fjk;a iud.ïys ;dlaIKh u; hemSfuka
wdrÌd jSuX
wo mj;sk wdrA:slh ;=," jHdmdrhla i;+ kj fidhd
.ekSï ksjeros f,i l<uKdlrkh lr .eksug
fmagkaÜ l%uh ms<sn|j fyd| wjfndaOhla wjYH fõzX
tu.ska ;u jHdmdrh i;= ;udf.au kj ksmehqï iy
ksrAudKd;aul yelshdjka ;=,ska jHdmdrhg Wmrsu
jdis ,nd .ekSug" fmagkaÜ iy;sl ysus wks;a
yjq,alrejka iu.Z ,dNodhs jHdmdrsl yjq,a we;slr
.ekSug yd fjk;a wh kS;suh ysusldrS;ajh ork
;dlaIKh mokï lr .;a ksIamdok is\q fkdlsrSug
fuu oekqu bjy,a fõX w;S;fha fuka fkdj
jrA;udkfhaos fndfydauhla kj ksmehquzz w;s ixlSrAK
jk w;r tajd fmagkaÜ iys; kj ixl,am lsysmhl
tkuz fmagkaÜ ysuslrejka rdYshlf.a tl;=jla jsh
yelshsX
Tnf.a kj fidhd .ekSug fmagkaÜ whs;sh,nd .; hq;af;a wehs @fidhd .ekSï $ ksmehqï lsrSu iy $ fyda wksla
iud.ï ys kj ksmehï iyh ,nd .ekSu yryd
foaYsh yd wmkhk fj<|m, ;=, ;r.ZldrS f,i
/|s isgSug kï kj ksmehqï fj; ;u jHdmdrh
keUqre l, hq;+ fjzX fï i|yd uq,slj n,mdkafka
fláld,Sk ksIamdok l%shdj,sh yd blaukska
fjkiajk fj<|m, ;r.Zldrs;ajhhsX fmagkaÜ
ysñlu Tiafia ,nd fok wkkHjq whs;sh tu kj
ksmehquzzlrk jHdmdrhg ;rÕldrs
wNsfhda.d;aul yd fjz.j;a jHdmdr mrsirhg
jvd;a idrA:l f,i uqyqK oSug wjYH miqìu
i,ihsX
Yla;su;a fj<| ia:djr;ajhla yd
;r.Zldrs;ajfhka jdis w;alr .ekSu
fmagkaÜ whs;sh ksid tys ysuslreg ;u
ksmehqu wksla wh jsiska jdKsc wruqKq i|yd
fhdod .ekSu j,lajd,Sug iy wdrÌd
lsrSug yelshdj ,efí’ tu.ska fj<|m,
wjOdku, wia:djr;ajh wvqlr .; yelshsX
b;d jeo.;a ksmehqulg Tng ysus fmagkagz
ysusldr;ajh tu lafIa;%fhaa isgsk ;j;a
;r.Zlrefjl=g fj<+|m,g msúiSug fj<|
ndOlhla fõX tkï wod, fj<|m, ;=,
Tng m%Odk;u iemhquzlre f,i /|S isgSug
wjia:dj Wodlr fohsX
by< ,dN iy wdfhdack m%;s,dN Tnf.a
jHdmdrh jsiska ie,lsh hq;= ld,hla yd
uqo,la mrAfhaIK yd ixjrAOk lghq;= i|yd
fhdojd we;s kï" tys m%;sM,h jk fmagkagz
iy;slh we;s kj ksmehqï ta i|yd oe?
úhoï mshjkjd mukla fkdfõ by<
wdfhdacko m%;s,dN w;alr fohsX
fmagkagz n,m;% ksl=;=j fyda mejreuz i|yd
wu;r wdodhula fmagkagz ysuslrejl= f,i
Tnf.a fmagkagz ysusldr;ajh wks;a whg ksl=;a
lsrSfuka Tnf.a n,m;%h i|yd tlajr uqo,la
,nd.; yels w;r th jHdmdrhg wu;r
wdodhula fjzX fmagkagz whs;sh jslsKSu, mejrSu
hgf;a úfYaI fldkafoais wkqj fmagkaÜ
ysusldrS;ajh iys; ksmehqï Ndjs;hg
wjia:dj ,ndfohs.
yqjudre n,m;% u.ska kj ;dlaIKh ,nd
.ekSu Tnf.a jHdmdrhg fjk;a jHdmdrhla
i;= ;dlaIKhla ,nd .ekSug leu;s kuz th
yqjudre n,m;% l%uh hgf;a is\ql, yelshX
tkuz jsfYaI fldkafoais wkqj ilia l,
.súiqulg wkqj fomdrAYjh i;= fmagkagz
tlla fyda Bg jevs m%udKhl fmagkagz
Ndjs;hg tlÕ jsh yelshX
kj fj<|m, wjia:d( fmagkagz n,m;%
n,d;aul lsrSfuka kj fj<|m, j,g
wj;SrAK ùug yelshdj ,efí’ tfia
fkdjqjfyd;a úfoaY fj<|m, j,g wj;SrAK
jSfï wjia:dj fkd,efí’
5
W,a,x>kfhka jk wjodku wju lsrSu(
fmaagkagz ysusldrS;ajh ,ensfuka Tnf.a ksuejqu
yd iudk ;j;a ksmehqulg fmagkagz
ysuslrs;ajh ,enSu j,lajd .; yels w;r
Tnf.a NdKavh fj<|m,g ksl=;a lsrSfuzos wka
whf.a whs;ska W,a,x>khla is¥ ùug we;s
wjia:d wju lr .; yelshX fmagkagz
ysusldrS;ajh ,enSfuka th ksoyia Ndjs;hg
wjia:dj ,nd fkdfohsX tfiau th fjk;a wh
jsiska ;j;a ta iudk ksmehqïj,g fmagkagz
ysñldrs;ajh .ekSu j,lajd,hs’ Tnf.a
fmagkagz ysusldrS;ajh ,enq ksmehqu fmr uQ,dY%
yd iiok jsg kjH fukau ie,lsh hq;=
fjkila we;s njg ikd: lrhsX ^fuz iuznkaO
jevs jsia;r i|yh msgq wxl 12 n,kak&"
m%;smdok yd wruqo,a ,nd .ekSfuz wjia:d
by< hdu( fmagkagz ysusldrS;ajh ^Rcq whs;sh
fyda n,m;% u.ska ysus lr.;a& u.ska NdKavh
fj<|m,g ksl=;a lsrug wjYH Tnf.a
m%d.aOk yelshdj by< kxjhsX tfiau iuyr
lafIa;% ^ffcj jsoHd;aul ;dlaIKh& i|yd
noaO jHdmdr wjia:d wdlrAIKh lr .eksug
b;d Yla;su;a fmagkagz wdrlaIKhla
w;HjYHfjzX
wkqlrKh lrkakka yd fkdusf,a jHdmdr
wjia:d ,nd.kakd whg tfrysj lghq;= lrk
Yla;su;a WmlrKhla f,i( fmagkagz u.ska
,efnk iqjsfYaI whs;sh Tiafia Tnf.a fmagkagz
whs;sh W,a,x>kh lrk whg tfrysj lghq;=
lsrSug yelshdj ,efnhsX fmagkagz wdrlaIKh
u.ska wdrÌd lrk ,o ksmehqula
wkque;sfhka f;drj fhdod .kakd
wkqldrlhskag yd ixl,am fidrd .kakkag
tfrysj idrA:lj kS;suh mshjr .ekSu i|yd
fmagkagz n,m;%h buy;a msgqjy,la fjzX
jHdmdrhg hym;a m%;srEmh we;slsrSug(
jHdmdr yjq,alrejka, wdfhdaclhsk,
fldgialrejka yd mdrsfNda.slhska fj; ;u
jHdmdrfha by< jsfYaI{;djh yd ;dlaIKsl
yelshdjka fmkajSu i|yd fmagkagz
ysusldrS;ajh Ndjs;d l, yelshs" tfiau
wruqo,a W;amdokh, ;;a;ajh yd fj<|m,
w.h jevslr .ekSug yelshdj fuhska
WodfjhsX ;jo we;euz iud.uz jsiska
uyck;dj w;r ;u jHdmdr m%;srEmh
kxjd,Sug Tjqka i;= fmagkagz ysusldrs;ajhka
fj<| oekajSu Tiafia m%pdrh lsrSuo olakg
,efnzX
6
ww
w.
wi
po
.i
nt
/s
me
/
fmagkagzz wxl . US2002137433. ksrAudKYS,s;ajh i|yd msrskefuk iuzudkfhkams\quz ,enq ksIamdokhla jk jS\qre" firusla u;is\qre ;eksh yels v%s,a WmlrKfha fmagkagzysusldrS;ajh fcdia jhsv,a udrAgskd orhsX TyqRcqju ;u ksmejqu wf,js lsrSu yd fmagkagzn,m;% ,nd oSu u.ska jsjsO m%;s,dN ,nd .kakd,oSX
Tnf.a ksIamdok wdrÌd lr .ekSug we;sfjk;a kS;suh fuj,ï fudkjdo@fuu w;afmd; fmagkagz ms<sn|j wjOdkh fhduq
lrhs’ flfia jqj;a ksrAudKd;aul ksmehquzz j,
úúO wx.hka mokuz lrf.k kS;suh wdjrKh
,nd .ekSu ioZyd úúO fuj,ï nqoaOsuh foam,
kS;sh u.ska yªkajd oS we;’
Ndjs; fudv, ^flgsld,Sk fmagkagz, iq:Z
fmagkaÜ, ksrAudKd;aul fmagkagz hk kuska o
yªkajhs& we;euz fndfyda rgj,a kj fidhd
.ekSuz fyda oekg we;s NdKavj,g lrk i¿
fjkila Ndú; fudv,h f,i yªkajhs" ^msgq
wxl 10 n,kak&
fj<| ryiaX ryis.; jHdmdr f;dr;=re
fj<| ryia hgf;a m%;s,dN ,nd .kshsX
flfia jqj;a ta i|yd my; lreKq ikd: l,
hq;=hsX
-tjeks fj<| f;dr;=re idudkHfhka
fmd\qfõ wka mdrAYjhka fkdoek isgSuX
-th ryis.; jSu ksid thg jdKsc
jgskdlula ;snSuX
-tu f;dr;=re j, ryis.; nj wdrÌd
lsrSug whs;slre jsiska ie,lsh hq;= mshjr
f.k ;snSu ^WodyrKhla f,i tu f;dr;=re
wkdjrKh j,lajd,Sug wjYH wh muKla
oek .ekSu ms<snoZj iSud mekjSu iy ryiH
fyda wkdjrKh fkdlrk .sjsiquz j,g
t<öu&X ^msgq wxl 9 n,kak&
ldrAusl ksrAudK( NdKavhl fudaia;rhla
fyda l,d;aul wx.hla mj;sk
wfkHdakH;djh ldrAusl ksrAudK igyka
j,ska wdrÌd lrhsX we;uz rgj,a fuh
ksrAudK fmagkagz f,i yªkajhsX
fj<| ikakuz( fj<| ,l=K u.ska NdKav j,
wkkH;djh wdrlaId lrk w;r th wfkl+;a
;r.ZldrS NdKav j,ska fjkalr olajhs’
ysusluz wejrSu iy thg wod, whs;SkaX
idys;H yd wksl=;a l,d;aul ksrAudKhkays
uq,a msgm;a ysusluz wejrSu yd ta iuznkaO
whs;Ska jsiska wdrÌd lrk w;r" tu.ska
mrs>Kl jevigyka we;=:Z jsYd, m%udKhl
ksrAudK i|yd wdjrKhla ,nd fohsX
^msgq wxl 11 n,kak&
kj YdL m%fNao ckkh lrkakkaf.a
whs;sjdislï( fndfyda rgj,a, kj YdL nSc
ckkh lrkakkaf.a yd kj YdL m%fNao nSc
frdamKh lrkakkaf.a whs;ska fï Tiafia
wdjrKh lrhsX jevs\qr jsia;r i|yd
www.upov.int hk fjnz wvjsh n,kakX
o< ieliquz ksrAudKh ^N+ ,ÌK& taldnoaO
udrA.X uhsfl%dapsmaia fyda fius lkavlagrA
psmaia i|yd Ndjs; lrk uq,sl o< ieliquz
ioZyd wdrlaIKh ,nd .; yels w;r tajd
fhdod f.k ksrAudKh lrk ,o wjika
NdKavh olajdu fuu wdjrKh n, meje;a
fõX
7
8
ww
w.
wi
po
.i
nt
/s
me
/
kj fidhd .ekSula i|yd fmagkagz iy;slh,nd .ekSfï yelshdj mj;skafka kï th ,nd.; hq;+o@th yeu jsgu wjYH ke;X kj fidhd .ekSu
fmagkagz lsrSu ksrAfoaY flreK;a th wksjdrAHh
ke;X kj fidhd .ekSu jdKsc w;ska by<
;dlaIKhl fyda ksIamdok m%;sM,hla jsh yelshsX
tu ksid fmagkagz i|yd wh\quz lsrSfuzoS ish¿uZ
me;slv ms<sn| i,ld ne,Su jeo.;ahX we;euz jsg
fmagkagz ,nd .ekSu us< wOsl, wmyiq,
kv;a;=lsrSu yd mj;ajd .ekSu wiSre lrA;jHhlsX
fmagkagz i|yd wh\quz lsrSu fyda fkdlsrSu m%Odk
jYfhkau jHdmdrsl ;SrKhlsX th fndfyda jsg
jdKsc jYfhka ,efnk m%;s,dN u; r|d mj;AS’
fmagkagz i|yd wh\quz lsrSu fyda fkdlsrSug
n,mdk idOl jkqfha"
kj fidhd .ekSug fj<|m,la we;so@
Tnf.a fidhd .ekSu iïnkaOfhka mj;sk
jsl,am fudkjdo@ tajd Tnf.a fidhd .ekSu
iu. ieif|kafka flfiao@
tu fidhd .ekSu oekgu;a we;s NdKavhla
oshqKq lsrSug fyda kj ksIamdokhla lsrSug
m%fhdackj;a o@ th tfia kuz Tnf.a jHdmdr
Wmdh udrA. iuÕ .e,fmao@
Tnf.a ksIamdokh fj<|m,g ksl=;a lsrSug
leue;a;la olajk n,m;% wh¥ï lrejka fyda
wdfhdaclhska isào@
Tnf.a jHdmdrhg yd ;r.Zlrejkag fuu
fidhd .ekSu fldmuK jeo.;a fõo@
Tnf.a kj kmmehqfuys ksrAudK wdlD;sfhys
;dlaIKsl uQ,OrAuhka kej; fidhd .ekSug
fyda msgm;a lsrSug yelshdjla ;sfnzo@
Tnf.a kj fidhd .ekSu ms<sn|j yd th
fmagkagz lsrSug Tnf.a ;rÕlrejka
fldmuK Wkka\qjla olajhso@
fmagkagz lsrSug hk jshou" fmaagkagz lsrSfuka
miqj fj<|m, ;=, ,nd .ekSug
n,dfmdfrd;a;= kj ,dNh yryd
idOdrKslrKh l, yelso@ ^fmagkagz lsrSug
hk jshou ms<snoZ f;dr;+re ioZyd msgq wxl 20
n,kak&
kj fidhd .ekSuz ljr me;sj,ska th b;d
myiqfjka yªkd .ekSug yelso@ Tn ,nd
.;a fmagkagz n,m;%h n,d;aul lsrSug
ld,h yd uqo,a fhojSug Tn iqodkuz o@
fmagkagz whs;sh W,a,x>kh ù we;s nj
myiqfjka yªkd.; yelso ta ms<sn| kS;suh
mshjr .ekSu fjkqfjka ld,h yd uqo,a
jehlsrSug Tn iQodkïo@
jrAI 1994 oS Tziafg%z,shdfjz ITL iud.u jsiskareOsrh ,nd .ekSfuzos Ndjs;dl, yels iqjsfYaIWmlrKhla ksmojk ,oSX th Ndjs; fudv,hhgf;a ,shdmosxps l, w;r miqj thg fmagkagz,nd .kakd ,osX tu ksuejqu fvdakrAflhd fj<|kduh hgf;a fj<|m,g yªkajd \qka w;rfoaYsh yd jsfoaYsh rgj, fj<|m, ;=, tuNdKavh jsYd, jYfhka wf,jsh is\qjshXtfukau ksrAudKYS,s ksIamdok iuzudkj,g omd;%jshX
9
kj fidhd .ekSu fj<| ryia f,i mj;ajd
.ekSfuz wjdis
kj ksmehqula yryd kj fidhd .ekSSu
uqrA;su;a jq jsg" wksl=;a mdrAYjhkag kj
ksrAudKh ;=, we;s ixl,amh wkdjrKh lr
.; yels w;r t;eka mgka th Ndjs;hg o
Tjqkag yelshdj mj;SX
fj<| ryia wdrlaIKh M,odhl jkafka
wkshï w;am;a lr .ekSuloS fyda ryia
fy,sorõ ùuloS muKs’
fj<| ryila fy,sorõ jQ miqj ta ms<sn|j
oekqj;a jk mdrAYhhkag th Ndjs;d lsrSug
mq¿jk”
fj<| ryia n,d;aul lsrSu fmagkaÜ n,d;aul
lsrSug jvd wmyiq fõ” Bg fya;+j fj<| ryia
wdrlaIKfhka ,efnk wdjrKh fmagkaÜ
wdrlaIKfhka ,efnk wdjrKhg jvd ¥rAj,
ùuhs’
huz mdrAYjhla jsiska lrk ,o fidhd
.ekSula i|yd jqjo ;drAlsl mokula u;
fmagkaÜ wdrlaIKh ,nd .ekSug ;j;a
mdrAYjhlg yelshdj ,efnz’
kj fidhd .ekSuz wdjrKh lsrSu i|yd fmagkagz
yd fj<| ryia l%uh jsiska tajdg wdfjzKsl
jsl,am wkqj lz%hd;aul fjzX tfiau idudkHfhka
fmagkagz wh\quz lrkakd jsiska fmagkagz ldrAHhd,h
u.ska fmagkagz wh\quzm; m%ldYhg m;alrk f;la
;u fidhd .ekSu fj<| ryila f,i mj;ajd
.kshsX fmagkagz lrk ,o idrA:l fidhd .ekSula
fj<| ryila f,i fndfyda \qrg mj;SX
fmagkagz yd ryiHNdjhTnf.a kj fidhd .ekSu fmagkagz lsrSfuzos jsjsO
wjYH;d imqrd,Sug is\qfjhsX ^msgq wxl 10 n,kak&
ta wkqj Tnf.a iud.ug f;drd .ekSula lsrSug
is¥fjzX tkuz kj fidhd .ekSu fmagkagz lsrSu
ioZyd fj<| ryila f,i mj;ajd .kakjdo@ fyda
th wkdjrKh lsrSu ;=,ska lsisjl=g th fmagkagz
lsrSug fkdyels f,i wdrlAId lrkjdo@ wdos
jYfhks ^fïjd wdrÌdldrs m%ldYk f,i
fmd\qfjz yªkajhs&X
Tnf.a rfgz n,mj;akd kS;s l%uh mokuz lr
f.k widOdrK fj<| ;rÕldrs;ajh iuznkaO
kS;s flgquzm;a wkqj fj<| ryia wdrÌd lrk
kS;suh ;;a;ajhka mej;sh yelsh” jsfYaIfhka
ryiH f;dr;=re wdrÌd lsrSu iuznkaO
tlÕ;djka wdh;kfha fiajlhska, WmfoaYlhska,
mdrsfNda.slhska yd jHdmdr yjq,alrejka hk
whf.a fyda by; mdrAYj ish,af,au tl;=jlska
we;s lr .; yelsh’
fj<| ryia iuznkaO jdisodhl lreKq("
fuz iuznkaOj lsis\q ,shdmozxps .dia;=jla
fkdue;X
fj<| ryia wkdjrKh lsrSug fyda rcfha
ldrAHhd,hl ,shdmosxpsh wjYH fkdfj, ;jo,kj fidhd .ekSu o m%ldYhg m;a fkdflfrAX
fj<| ryia wdjrKh ld, mrspzfPaohlg
iSud fkdfjzX
fj<| ryia b;d blaukska l%shdjg kexjsh
yelshX
10
ww
w.
wi
po
.i
nt
/s
me
/
fmagkagz l, yelafla fudkjdo@kj fidhd .ekSula i|yd fmagkagz whs;sh ,nd
.ekSug kuz thg jsjsO wjYH;d iuzmqrAK l,
hq;=fjzX ta wkqj(
fmagkagz l< yels jsIhhla jSu - fï iuznkaO
lreKq ^msgq wxl 11n,kak&;
kjH fidhd .ekSula jSu - ^msgq wxl 12
n,kak&
kjH mshjrla i|yd fya;=ùu ^wmyeos,s
wjYH;d& ^msgq wxl 12 n,kak&
ldrAusl fhdod .ekSulg iq\qiq ùu ^Ndjs;
wjYH;d& ^msgq wxl 13 n,kak&
fmagkagz wh\quzm; ;=, jvd meyeos,s yd
iuzmqrAK f,i wkdjrKh jS ;sîu ^wkdjrK
wjYH;dj& ^msgq wxl 13 n,kak&.
fuu wjYH;d ms<sn|j fyd| wjfndaOhla ,nd
.ekSug kuz, Tnf.a leue;a; wkqj, wks;a iud.uz
jsiska jsjsO ;dlaIKsl lafIa;%j, ,nd .kakd ,o
fmagkagz iuznkaOj yeoErSu fhda.H fjzX fuz i|yd
fmagkagz o;a; .nvdj fj;ska f;dr;=re oek.;
yelshsX ^msgq wxl 16 yd 17 n,kak&
wka;rA cd;sl wh\quzm;a wxl PCT/IT203/000428fmd\qfjz r;alrk ,o øj Ndjs;fhka lEu fydanSu jrA. ielish yels NdckhX
Ndjs; fudv,hfuys we;s jsfYaI ,ÌK:
kj mshjrla f,i .;a l, Ndjs; fudv,h
i|yd jk fldkafoais ,sys,a ugzgul mj;sX
fmagkagz yd ii|k jsg Ndjs; fudv, b;d
blauka iy ir, l%ufjzohlsX
fmagkagz l%uh yd n,k l, fuysos b,a,quz
lsrSug yd mj;ajd .ekSug jk .dia;= my<
w.hla fjzX
fmagkagz ld, mrdih iu.Z n,k l, fuys
Wmrsuh n,meje;ajsh yels ld,h flgshX
we;euz rgj, Ndjs; fudv, l%uh" f;dard.;a
;dlaIKsl lafIa;%j,g muKla iSud lr we;s
w;r we;euz jsg ksIamdok i|yd muKla
msrskuhsX ^ksIamdok l%shdj,skag fkdj&
idudkHfhka Ndjs; fudv, wh\quzm; fyda
msrskuk ,o Ndjs; fudv, l%u l%ufhka
fmagkagz wh\quzm;lg yrjkq ,efnzX
11
fmagkagz lsrSfïoS jk jsIh lreKq fudkjdo @
fndfydauhla cd;sl yd l<dmSh fmagkagz ksS;s
l%uj, fmagkagz jsIh lreKq RKd;aulj jsia;r
lr we;X tkuz fmagkagz lsrSug wmyiq wxY ms<sn|
jsia;rhla iemhSfuksX tfiau rg rgj,a w;r
fuys ie,lsh hq;= fjkila we;s w;r my;
oelafjk we;euz wxY fmagkagz lsrSfuka bj;a lr
we;X
fidhd .ekSuz yd jsoHd;aul kshuhka·;
fi!kaorAhd;aul ksrAudK;
udkisl ls%hdldrluz olajk kS;s l%ufjzohka;
f,dalh ;=, iajNdjfhka yg.kakd ,o
øjHhkays lrk ;ks fidhd .ekSuz;rdcH kS;sh" hym;a iodpdrh uyck
fi!LHhg n,mdk fidhd .ekSuz;ñksia yd i;aj fldgiaj,g m%:sldr lsrSfuzos
Ndú; frda. úksYaph yd Y,HlrAu l%u;YdL iy i;aj ksIamdokhla ^Ìqø yd
w;HdjYHfhkau ffcj l%shdj,shla yer&; iy
mrs>Kl jevigykaX
fndfydauhla rgj, mrs>Kl m%luk j, úIh
yd uq,dY% fla;h wdrlaIKh l, yelshX
,shdmosxÑ lsrSu iuÕ n,k l, fmagkaÜ
wdrlaIKh ia:sr fohla fkdjk w;r we;euz
rgj, jsl,am ,shdmosxps lsrSuz l, yelsh’ fmagkaÜz
fj;ska ,efnk wdjrKh yd ii|k l, ysñluz
wejrSu fj;ska ,efnk wdjrKh iSud iys; jqjlsX
thg fya;=j jkafka tu.ska wdjrKh jkafka
woyila m%ldYh ñi ta ;=, we;s woyi fkdjk
neúksX fndfydauhla iud.uz mrs>Kl jevigyka
ys fla; ysñluz wejrSu lrk w;r uq,dY% fla;
mj;ajd .kshsX
mrs>kl uD\qldx.we;euz rgj, mrs>Kl uD\qldx. ksmojSfuz
moku jk .Ks;uh wdY%s; uQ,dY% fmagkagz u.ska
wdrÌdlr ;sfnzX ta w;r wksla wh jsiska fmagkagz
.; fkdlrk jsIh lreKq bj;a lrhsX mrs>Kl
uD\qldx. iuznkaOj mj;sk fmagkagz f;dr;=re
,nd .ekSug wjYH kuz Tnf.a cd;sl fyda l<dmSh
ldrAhd,h weu;sh yelshsX ^fmagkagz ldrAhd, fjnz
wvjs j, ,smskhka ms<sn| jsia;r ioZyd weuqKquz
wxl I n,kak&X
kj fidhd .ekSu" kùk yd w¿;a njg ;yjqre
lrkafka flfiao@
fidhd .ekSu w¿;a yd kùk jqjla kuz th fmr
uq,dY%fha fldgila fkdfjzX idudkHfhka fmagkagz
wh\quzm; uq,a jrg mqrjk ,o oskg fmr isg
f,dj mqrd uyck;djg jsjD;j we;X wod,
;dÌKsl oekqu fmr uq,dY% .khg wh;a fjzX
thg fjk;a lreKq fmagkagz" fmagkagz wh\quzm;a
iy fmagkagz fkdjk Ydia;%Sh ,shlshjs,s hkdosh
we;=,;a fjzX
fmr uQ,dY% i|yd jk ksrAjpkh rglska rglg
fjkia fjhssX fndfyda rgj, fmr uQ,dY% .khg
,shlshjs,s yryd, jdpslj, m%orAYkh fyda
uyck;djg wkdjrKh jq f;dr;=re we;=,;ahX
tfia jqj;a uq,slj jsoHd m%ldYkhl m<jq kj
fidhd .ekSula iuq¿jla yryd th m%orAYkh"
jdKsc jYfhka fhdojd .ekSu fyda iud.ul
jHdmdr jsia;r m;%sldj we;=,;a lsrSu ksid
jHjia:d lreKqj, olajd we;s fidhd .ekSul
we;s kj;djh ke;s fõ. ;jo th fmagkagz
fkdlrk ,oaola f,i;a ie,lSu is\qfjhsX fmagkagz
wh\quzm; msrjSug fmr tys wvx.= lreKq w;a
jeroSulska wkdjrKh jSu j,lajd .ekSu b;d
jeo.;a fjzX fmr uq,dY%j, wvx.=j we;af;a l=ulao
hkak yªkd.ekSu i|yd olaI fmagkagz
ksfhdacs;fhl=f.a iyh ,nd .ekSu b;d jeo.;ahX
fndfyda fmr uq,dY%j, ryia hkakg m%ldY
fkdlrk ,o fmagkagz wh\quzm; u.ska miqj
m%ldYhg kshñ; lreKq hkdosh we;=,;a fõX
Tnf.a fidhd .ekSu kj fjkilg mshjrla
nj i,l=Kq ,nkafka ljr osk isg o @lsishï ;dlaIKsl fÌa;%hla ;=, mqyqKqjla ,nd
we;s flfkl=g ksrdhdifhkau ysusjk wjfndaOh
;=,ska we;s jk fidhd .ekSula kj ksrAudKhla
fkdfjzX kj ksrAudKhla jSu i|yd th
ksrdhdifhkau fmkajk fohla fkdj"
ksrAudKd;ajl mshjr .Kkdjla miqfldg
ksrAudKh jq iqúfYaIs; jqjla úh hq;=hsX
iqúfYaIs; kj ksrAudKhla ms<sn| uq,OrAuh u.ska
ksrudKYs,s ksmehqula fidhd.;a nj fmagkagz
n,m;%hla m %odkh lsrSu u.ska i;H jYfhkau
;yjqre lrhsX tfiau tu ksrAudKh idudkHh
Ys,amSh oekqula iys; flfkl= úiska oekgu;a
mj;sk ;dlaIKh wkqj fidhd.;a fohla fkdúh
hq;=hXWod: we;euz rgj,os kj fidhd.ekSuz bosrsm;a jkjsg tajd kj fidhd .ekSula f,i ms<s.; fkdyelsnjg Widjsh u.ska ;SrKh ,ndoS we;XNdKavhl m%udKh iq¿ jYfhka fjkia lsrSu,NdKavh myiqfjka /f.k hd yels f,i fjkialsrSu, NdKavfha fldgia fjkia lsrSSu,ksIamdokhg fhdod .kakd øjHh fjkia lsrSu,l%shdj,sfha tla fldgilg muKla wdfoaYlyªkajd oSuX
12
ww
w.
wi
po
.i
nt
/s
me
/
ms,ajd kuz fl%dataIshdkq iud.u frda. m%;sfrdaOk
i|yd fmagkagz ,nd.;a w;r Tjqka jsiska ta yryd
fvd,rA us,shk jsYd, m%udKhla Wmhk ,oSX tfia
lsrSug yelsjQfha úYd, úfoaYSh T!IO iud.uz
iuÕ we;s lr.;a idrA:l n,m;% .kqfokq u.sksX
“ldrAñl fhojqula i|yd iq\qiq ùu” hkafkkawoyia fjkafka l=ulao@kj fidhd .ekSula fmagkagz lsrSug fhda.H jkafka
tu kj fidhd .ekSu ldrAñl fyda jHdmdrsl
lghq;a;la i|yd Ndjs;hg yelshdj we;s úgoShX
tu kj fidhd .ekSu kHdhd;aul lreKq j,g
muKla iSud fkdjS thska m%dfhda.sl jYfhkao
jdisodhl ;;aajhka ;sìh hq;= fjzX ldrAñl hk
jpkfhka mq¿,a woyila .uH jk w;r mQrAK
f,i nqoaêuh fohlska fyda fi!kaorAhd;aul
lghq;a;la iy lDIsldrAñl wxYfhka mrsNdysrj
we;s fohla woyia fjzX we;euz rgj, ldrAñl
Ndú;dj fjkqjg Ndú;d lrk ksrAkdhl jkafka
Wmfhda.s;dj fyj;a Ndú;fhka fld;ruz
m%fhdackhla ,efnhso hkakhsX fmagkagz whÿuzm;
iuzmQrAK lrk jsgoS wod, kj fidhd .ekSfuka
,efnk m%fhdack yªkd f.k ke;s tkuz cdkuh
mruzmrd iuznkaO fidhd .ekSuz i|yd jk
fmagkagz lsrsfuzoS Ndjs;fhka ,efnk m%fhdack b;d
jeo.;ahX
wkdjrKh lsrSfuz wjYH;;dj hkq l=ulao@jsfYaI ;dlaIKsl wxYhla hgf;a huz
mqoa.,hl=f.a yelshdjka wkqj lrk ,o kj
fidhd .ekSula fmagkagz wh\quzm; iuzmQrAK lrk
wjia:dfjzos b;d meyeos,sj yd mqrAK jYfhka
wkdjrKh l< hq;= njg fndfyda rgj, fmagkaÜ
iuznkaO kS;srS;s j,g we;=,;a fjzX tfiau we;euz
rgj, fmagkagz kS;s hgf;a kj fidhd .ekSï
m%fhda.slj ls%hd;aul lsrSu i|yd wjYH lrk
b;du jeo.;a l%uh wkdjrKh l, hq;= nj
i|yka fjzX Ìqø jsoHd iuznkaO fmagkagz
lghq;=j,oS thg iuznkaO ms<s.;a wdh;khla
jsiska ta nj ;yjqre l, hq;= fjzX
13
cSj jsoHdjka yd iuznkaO fmagkagz n,m;%( uE; ld,fhaos cSj jsoHdjkag wod, fmagkagz n,m;%
ixLHdfjz jsYd, jrAOkhla fukau rgj,a w;r cSj
jsoHdjg wkql+,j fmagkagz n,m;% ksl=;a lsrSu
ms<sn|j jsjsO fjkialuzo olakg ,efnzX fndfyda
rgj,a Ìqø cSùkag wod, kj ksrAudK iuznkaO
fmagkagz n,m;% ksl=;a lsrSug wjir oS we;X
fndfyda rgj, Ìqø cSùka ms<sn| ksrAudKhkays
iduzm,a ;ekam;a lsrSug myiqluz fhdod we;s w;r
tjeks ;ekam;a lsrSfuz wdh;ko yªkdf.k we;X
;ju;a iuzmqrAKfhkau Ndjs;djg fkdf.k fyda
ck cSjs;hg we;=,;ajS ke;s Ìqø cSkaf.a
iduzm,hlao fujeks .nvdj, ;ekam;a lr we;X
fndfyda rgj, YdL jrA. iy i;ajhka, fmagkagz
n,m;% ysusluska bj;a lr we;X flfia fj;;a
fujeks rgj,a mjd ;dlaIKsl l%shd moaO;shla
wkqj ksIamdokh lrk ,o fyda iajNdúl
mrsirhlska bj;a fldg iqmsrsis\q l, cSjuh uq,dY%
yd wuqøjH j,g fmagkagz n,m;% ,nd foaX foaYSh
jHdjia:djka u.ska fmagkaÜ l, fkdyels jsfYaIs;
ksrAudK ,ehsia;= .; fldg we;X Wod: ukqIHhska
laf,dakShlrKh lsrSu fyda udkjhdg iuznkaO
cdk fjkia lsrSug fmagkagz n,m;% ksl=;a lrkq
fkd,efnzX we;euz rgj, w¿;a YdL jrA. ms<sn|
iuzuq;sfha jsOs jsOdk j,g wkqj wdrÌKh i,id
we;X we;euz jsg foaYSh fmagkagz l%uh yd
cd;Hhka;r iuzuq;sfha jsOs jsOdk hk foflysu
iuzusY%Kh wkqj wdrÌKh i,id we;X
^www.upov.int fjí wvjsh n,kak&
14
ww
w.
wi
po
.i
nt
/s
me
/
fmagkagz wdrlaIKh u.ska ,efnk whs;sjdisluz
fudkjdo@kj fidhd .ekSulg fmagkagz whs;sh ysusjSfuka
miqj tu kj fidhd .ekSu wksl=;a mdrAYjhka
jsiska jdKscuh jYfhka Ndjs;d lsrSu
j,lajd,Sug fmagkagz ysuslreg whs;sh ysusfjhsX
tfiau fmagkagz ysuslref.a wjirhlska f;drj
fjk;a mdrAYjhka jsiska kj fidhd .ekSu
wdY%fhka huz ksIamdokhla lsrSu, Ndjs;d lsrSu,wf,js lsrSu, tu ksIamdok fyda ksIamdok ls%hdj,sh
jslsKSu fyda wdkhkh j,lajd,Sfuz whs;sh fuhg
we;=,;ahX
fuysos b;d jeo.;a lreKla jkafka fmagkagz
ysuslreg kj fidhd .ekSu ksoyfia Ndjs;hg fyda
ta ;=, we;s ;dlaIKh wkjYH f,i jdis .ekSug
fhdod .ekSug whs;sh ysus fkdjk njhs' tu.sska
ysusjk whs;sh jkafka" th wksl=;a mdrAYjhka
jsiska Ndjs;d lsrSu j,lajd,Su muKsX fuu
;;a;ajh yªkd .ekSu wiSre ishquz wjia:djla fjzX
tu ksid fmagkagz wdrlaIKh .ek ukd
wjfndaOhla ,nd .ekSu iy oekg mj;sk jsjsO
fmagkagz iuÕ tlsfkl iuznkaO jkafka flfiao
hkak .ek wjfndOhla ,eîu w;HjYHh fjzX
flfia jqj;a wksl=;a mdrAYjhka whs;ska jsiska
Tnf.a fmagkagz .; kj fidhd .ekSu kej;
is\qjSu, wdjrKhjSu, W!kmqrAKhla is\qjSug
yelshdj we;X fuz ksid Tnf.a fmagkagz .; kj
fidhd .ekSu jdKscHuh jYfhka fhdod .eksug
fmr wksl=;a whf.a kj fidhd .eksï i|yd
n,m;% ^,hsika& ,nd .ekSu wjYH fjzX
tfiau we;euz kj fidhd .eksuz ^T!IO iuznkaOj&
jdKscHuh jYfhka fhdod .ekSug fmr fjk;a
wjirhka ,nd .ekSu wjYH fjzX Wod(- wod,
kS;s.; wdh;k fj;ska wf,jsh i|yd wkque;sh
,nd .ekSuX
kj ksuejquzlre hkq ljfrlao@ fmagkagz whs;sh
ysus jkafka ljfrl=go@
kj fidhd .ekSu ksmojq ;eke;a;d kj
ksmehquzlre f,i yªkajk w;r mqoa.,hl= ^fyda
wdh;khla& wh\quzm;la bosrsm;a l, jsg Tyq
fmagkagz wh\quzlre, ysuslre, orkakd f,i yªkajd
osh yelsh’ iuyr wjia:dj,oS ksmehquzlreu
fmagkagz wh\quzlreo fjzX fuh tlsfklg fjkia
wjia:d folloS is\qfjzX tkuz fndfyda jsg iud.u
fyda mrSÌKh is\qlrk wdh;kh wh\quzlre jk
w;r fiajlhd ksmehquzlrefjzX my; lreKq fuz
ms<sn| jevs\qr wjfndaOhla ,nd .ekSug
m%fhdackj;a fjzX
fiajlhska jsiska is\qlrkq ,nk kj fidhd
.ekSuzX fndfyda rgj, fiajdodhlhd
^yduzmq;d& hgf;a is\qlrkq ,nk kj fidhd
.ekSuz fiajdodhlhd i;= fjzX kuq;a we;euz
rgj, fuz lreKq ms<sn|j fiajl .sjsiqfuz
i|ykaj ;snsh hq;=hX we;euz wjia:dj,oS ^Wod(
fiajl .sjsiqula ke;sjsg& kj ksmehquzlreg
kj fidhd .ekSu m%fhdackhg .; yels kuq;a
th wNHka;r lghq;= i|yd fhdod .ekSug
fiajdodhlhdg wkkHjq whs;shla ,ndoS we;X
^fuh 'Shop Rights' f,i yªkajhs&X fuz
iuznkaOj Tnf.a rg ;=, mj;sk kS;s
;;ajhka .ek wjfndaOhla ,nd .ekSu;a
wkd.; wrAnqoldrS wjia:d u. yrjd .ekSu
i|yd fiajlhska jsiska lrkq ,nk kj fidhd
.ekSuzys whs;sh iuznkaOj fiajl .sjsiqug
we;=,;a lsrSu;a jeo.;a fjzX
iajdOSk kj ksmehquzlrejka” fndfyda rgj,
iud.uz jsiska jsfYaIfhka kj fidhd .ekSuz
whs;sh ;ud fj; ;yjqre lr .ksuska
ksIamdok fyda ksIamdok ls%hdj,sh iuznkaO
kj fidhd .ekSuz lsrSu i|yd ndysr iajdOSk
fldka;%d;alrejka iuÕ b.súiqï we;slr .kS
kuq;a fldka;%d;alre yd iud.u w;r kj
fidhd .eksfuz whs;sh ms<sn|j l,ska we;slr
.;a .sjsiqula fkdue;s kuz fldka;%d;alreg
Tyqf.a fiajh fjkqfjka f.jSuz lr ;snqKo
kj fidhd .ekSu ms<sn|j fmd\q whs;shla
iud.ug ysus fkdfjzX
yjq,a kj ksmehquzlrejka’ kj ksmehqula
lsrSug ixl,amuh jYfhka fyda ksIamdokuh
jYfhka ie,lsh hq;= odhl;ajhla lrk ,o
tla mqoa.,hl=g jevs msrsila isgsk jsgoS Tjqka
yjq,a ksmehquzzlrejka f,i ye|skafjzX ta nj
fmagkagz wh\quzmf;ao olajd we;X fudjqka
wh\quzlrejkao jk w;r fmagkagz
ysusldrS;ajh Tjqka ish¿ fokdgu ysus fjzX
yjq,a ysuslrejka’ tla mqoa.,hl= fyda
mqoa.,hska lsysmfofkl= i;= fmagkagz whs;sh
j,x.= lsrSu fyda Wmfhdackh iuznkaOj we;s
kS;suh ;;a;ajhka rglska rglg fjkia fõX
we;euz wjia:dj,oS fmagkagz whs;sh ysus iu
yjq,alrejl= fkdisgsh yels w;r fyda wksl=;a
ish¿u iu yjq,alrejkaf.a leue;a; rys;j
jk W,a,x>Khka i|yd ;=kajk mdrAYjhlg
kS;suh mshjr .; yelshsX
15
msrslaiquz ,ehsia;= idrdxYhTnf.a fidhd .ekSu fmagkagz l<hq;=o@
fmagkaÜ ysusldrS;ajh ,enSfuka jk m%fhdack
.ek ie,ls,su;ajkakX fjk;a jsl,am
iuznkaOj wjOdkh fhduq lrkakX ^ryiH
nj$ Ndjs; fudv,, fjk;a& iy jshouz$
m%;s,dN jsYaf,aIKhla lrkakX Tn jsiska
.kq ,enqfha ksjeros ;SrKhlao hkak ms<sn|j
jvd fyd| wjfndaOhla ,enSu i|yd my;
olajd we;s fmagkagz iuznkaO f;dr;=re
lshjkakX
Tnf.a kj fidhd .ekSug fmagkagz ,nd .;
yelso@
fmagkagz lsrSug wod, l%ufjzoh yªkd.kak,Tnf.a rg ;=<oS fmagkagz lsrSug yels wxY
ms<sn| lreKq fidhd .kak ta iu.u fmr
uq,dY% ms<sn| iuSlaIKhla lrkakX ^my;
wxY n,kak&
kj fidhd .ekSuz iuznkaOj we;s whs;Ska
ms<sn|j jk lreKqj, meyeos,s nj .ek
ie,ls,su;a jkakX
tkuz kj fidhd .ekSfuz whs;sh iud.u, tys
fiajlhska iy kj fidhd .ekSu lsrSug
uQ,Huh fyda ;dÌKsl f,i odhl;ajh oelajq
jHdmdrsl yjq,alrejka hk mdrAYjhka w;r
flfia fnoS hkafka o hk lreKqhsX
.; fkdlrk ,o jsIh moaO; tkuz ;dÌKsl yd
jsoHd;aul m%ldYk, jsIh hka;, iuq¿ jdrA:d
igyka" ksnkaOk, fjnz wvj, iud.uz jsia;r
m;s%ld fj<| m%ldYk iy mqj;am;a m%ldYk
wdjrKh jk fia mq¿,a l, hq;=h’
fmagkagz f;dr;=re o;a; .nvd? hkq talrdYs
lrk ,o ;dÌKsl f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSug we;s
woajs;Sh udOHhla fjzX jsjsO iud.uz jsiska fuu
f;dr;=re ish Wmdh udrA.sl jHdmdr ie,iquz
ieliSug bjy,a lr .kS’ fndfyda kj
ksIamdokhka fj<|m,g msjsiSug fndfyda l,lg
fmr yd m%ldYhg m;a lrk ,o fmagkagz
wh\quzm;a yd ta iuznkaOj jrA;udk mrAfhaIK
yd fidhd .ekSuz .ek wjfndaOhla ,nd .ekSug
jeo.;a fjzX ´kEu iud.ula mrAfhaIK yd
ixjrAOk lghq;= j,oS w;HjYH fhojquz f,i
fmagkagz iuSÌK fhdod .ekSu is\q lrhsX
16
ww
w.
wi
po
.i
nt
/s
me
/
2. fmagkagz n,m;%h ,nd .kafkaflfiao@
ljr ia:dkhlska wdruzN l< hq;=o@idudkHfhka .; hq;= m<uq mshjr jkafka fmr
uq,dY% jsurAIKhla lsrSuhsX f,dj mqrd us,shk 40
lg jevs fmagkagz ,ndoSuz fukau w;s jsYd,
m%udKhlska jq uqøs; m%ldYKhka ;=, Tnf.a
fmagkagz whs;sh j,lajd,k fmr uq,dY% meje;sh
yels ksid fï ms<sn| ie,lsh hq;= wjOdkula
mj;SX we;eï jsg fuu ksrAfoaYhka Tnf.a fidhd
.ekSula fkdjk njg ;yjqre lsrsSfuka Tnf.a
kj fidhd .ekSu fmagkagz ,nd oSug kqiq\qiq njg
;yjqre jsh yelshsX
fmr uq,dY% iuSÌKhla lsrSfuka fmagkagz
wh\quzm;la i|yd Tn lrk wOsl jshou j,lajd
.; yelshX fmr uQ,dY% iuSÌKhka wod, fmagkagz
fmagkagz iuznkaO o;a; .nvd jsurAYkfhawe;s jeo.;alukj fidhd .ekSula fmagkagz .; lsrSug yelso
hkak jsuid ne,Sug wu;rj ld,Sk yd M,odhs
f,i fmagkagz iuznkaOj o;a; .nvd jsuid ne,su
fyj;a .fjzIKh u.ska my; jsIhhka iuznkaO
f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSug yelshdj ,efnhsX
jrA;udk yd wkd.; ;r.Zlrejkaf.a
mrAfhaIK yd ixjrAOk lghq;= iuznkaO
ls%hdldrluz;
tla tla ;dÌKsl lafIa;%j, jrA;udk
m%jk;d;
n,m;% j,g wod, ;dÌKhka ;b,lal iemhquzkrejka, jHdmdrsl
yjq,alrejka fyda mrAfhaIK udOH;foaYsh fyda jsfoaYsh jYfhka mj;akd ,dNodhs
fj<|m, wjia:d;wka mdrAYjhkaf.a fmagkagz whs;Ska Tnf.a
ksIamdokh jsiska W,a,x>Kh fkdlrk nj
;yjqrelr .ekSu ^ls%hd;aul ksoyi&;l,a bl=;ajq ;dÌKsl f;dr;=re;mj;sk ;dÌKhla mokuz lrf.k lsrsug
yels kj ixjrAOk lghq;=.
17
fmr uq,dY% jsuisula lrkafka ljria:dkhlskao@ iy flfiao@fmagkagz yd fmagkagz wh\quzm;a m%ldYhg m;a
lrk fndfyda fmagkagz ldrAHhd,j, f;dr;=re
wka;rAcd,h iuÕ iuznkaOj mj;SX ta wkqj fmr
uq,dY% jsuiSula lsrSu b;d myiq ldrAHhlsX
fmagkagz iuznkaO f;dr;=re we;=,;a o;a; .nvd
iys; cd;Hhka;r fmagkagz ldrAHhd, j,
,ehsia;=jla wipo.int/ipdl/en/resources/links.jsphk fjnz wvjsfhka ,nd .; yelshX uSg wu;rj
wjYH f;dr;=re cd;sl fmagkagz iuznkaO
ldrAHhd, j,ska fmagkagz jsuid ne,Su wod, fiajd
.dia;= f.jSfuka ,nd.; yelshsX
wka;rAcd,h fya;=fjka fmagkagz f;dr;=re
,nd.ekSu b;d myiq ldrAHhla jS we;s w;r tfia
fkdue;s kuz .=Kd;aul njska hq;= f;dr;=re ,nd
.ekSu b;d wiSre ldrAHhla fjzX fmagkagz iuznkaO
cd;Hka;r fmagkagz jrA.SlrKhcd;Hhka;r fmagkagz jrA.SlrKh (IPC) hkq
fmagkagz f,aLK jrA.SlrKh iy jsurAIkh
i|yd wkqms<sfj, iys;j ieliq jrA.SlrKhlsX
tfiau th fmagkagz f,aLK l%udKql=,j ilia
lrk" kuz lrk ,o ;dÌKhka jsurAYkh lrk
WmlrKhla f,io Ndjs;d fjzX cd;Hhka;r
fmagkagz jrA.SlrKfha y;ajk m%ldYkh wxY 8
lg fnod we;s w;r th mka;s 120 lg" Wm mka;s
628 lg iy wju jYfhka lKavdhuz 69"000 lg
jrA. lr we;:
A. udkqIsl wjYH;d;B. ls%hdlrluz" .ukd.uk;C. ridhk jsoHdj" f,day jsoHdj;D. frosms<s" lvodis;E. ia:sr f.dvke.Suz;F. hdka;%sl bxcsfkare" wdf,dalkh" ;dmkh;G. fN!;sl jsoHdj;H. js\q,s ldrAusl .
fuz jk jsg rgj,a 100 lg wOsl m%udKhlaTjqkaf.a fmagkagz f;dr;=re jrA.SlrKh i|ydcd;Hhka;r fmagkagz jrA.SlrKh Ndjs;d lrhsX
www.wipo.int/classifications/en/ipc/index.html
f;dr;=re ixlSrAK yd wmyeos,s njlska hq;= jk
w;r jD;aSsh ugzgfuz Wiia fmagkagz f;dr;=re
jsuid ne,Sula i|yd ie,lsh hq;= oekqula iy
jsfYaI{;djla wjYH fjzX fmagkagz iuznkaO
m%d:usl f;dr;=re wka;rAcd,h Tiafia ,nd
.;a;o fndfyda iud.uz Tjqkaf.a m%Odk jHdmdrsl
;SrK i|yd wod, fmagkagz f;dr;=re ^fmagkagz
i|yd wh\quz lrkafkao@ ke;so@& jD;a;Sh ugzgfuz
fmagkagz jsfYaI{hl=f.a fyda kjSk wxYj,ska hq;=
jdKsc o;a; .nvd Tiafia ,nd .ekSu is\q lrhsX
m%Odk jpk fmagkagz jrA.SlrK fyda jsurAYkh
jrA.SlrK mokuz uq,dY% jsurAYkh lsrSug
yelshsX fhdod.kakd jsurAYK WmdhudrA. Ndjs;d
lrk jrA.SlrK l%uh jsurAYkh lrk
mqoa.,hdf.a ;dÌKsl yelshdj iy Ndjs; lrk
fmagkagz iuznkaO o;a; .nvdj u; fmr uq,dY%
jsurAYkh r|d mj;SX
18
ww
w.
wi
po
.i
nt
/s
me
/
fmagkagz wdrÌd lsrSula i|yd wh\quzlrkafka flfiao@fmr uq,dY% jsurAYKh lsrSfuka miqj fmagkagz
wdrÌd lsrSu ms<sn| ;SrKh fidhd ne,Su lr
cd;sl fyda m%dfoaYsh ugzgfuz wod, fmagkagz
ldrAHhd,hla fj; iuzmqrAK lrk ,o fiajd
wh\qusm; Ndrosh hq; =fjzX kj fidhd .ekSu
ms<sn| iuzmqrAK jsia;rhla fmagkagz b,a,quz lrk
lafIa;% jmirsh l=ulao@ hkak ms<sn|" rEm igyka
yd Wmqgd .eksuz hkdosh fmagkagz wh\quzmlg
we;=,;ahX ^fmagkagz wh\quzm; jevs jsia;r i|yd
msgq wxl 24 n,kak& we;euz fmagkagz ldrAHhd,
wka;rAcd,h Tiafia fmagkagz wh\quzm; ndrosh
yelsh’ tfiau we;euz rgj, jD;a;Suh fmagkagz
wh\quzm; msrjSu i|yd jsl,am udrA. ilid oS
we;X ^msgq wxl 23 n,kak&
idudkHfhka wh\quzm; msrjSu Tnf.a wNs,dYhka
ksfhdackh lrk fmagkagz kS;s{hl= fyda fmagkagz
ksfhdacs;hl= jsiska is\q lrhsX bosrs msgqfjz olajd
we;s fldgqj ;=, wh\quzm; msrjSu iuznkaO
ls%hdj,sfha mshjr ir,j jsia;r lr we;X fuu
l%shdj,sh rgska rgg fjkia fjzX tnejska fmagkagz
mgsmdgsh iy wod, .dia;= ms<sn| kj;u
f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSug Tnf.a rfgz fmagkagz
ldrAHhd,h fyda fmagkagz kS;s wdh;kh iuÕ
iuznkaOjSu fhda.H fjzX
wka;rAcd;sl wh\quzm; wxlPCT/DE2003/003510 jdhq nE.h iys; fudagrAr: iqlaldku
19
wh\quzm; iuznkaO ls%hdj,sh - ir,jmshjfrka mshjrfmagkagz ldrAHhd,h jsiska fmagkagz ,ndoSfuzoS
wkq.ukh lrk mshjr tlsfklg fjkia fjzX
tfia jqj;a mq¿,aj idlpzPd lrk jsgoS th iudk
wdldrhla .kq ,nhsX
úêu;a mrsÌKh( fmagkagz ldrAhd, úiska
fmagkagz iuznkaO mrsmd,k wjYH;d yd
kshuhka iuzmqrAK lr we;so hkak fidhd
n,hsX ^Wod( wjYH f,aLK we;=,;a o yd wod,
.dia;= f.jd we;so hk nj&
jsurAYKh: fndfyda rgj, fmagkagz ldrAhd,
úiska fmr uq,dY% ms<sn| úurAYkhla lrk
w;r tu.ska wod, lafIa;%h ;=, fuu fidhd
.ekSug iuznkaO fmr uq,dY% jdrA;djla ,nd
.kshs’ b,a,quz lrk ,o kj fidhd .ekSu yd
fmr uq,dY% iuÕ ieioSu is\qlsrSu i|yd fuu
jdrA;dj Ndjs;d lrhsX
ikd: lrk mrsÌK : fuu mrSÌKfha
m%Odk;u wruqK jkafka wh\quzm; fmagkagz
lsrSug iuznkaO uq,sl wjYH;d imqrd we;so
hkak jsuid ne,SuhsX fuh iEu fmagkagz
ldrAhd,hlgu ,efnk b,a,Sulg wkqj tu
fmagkagz ldrAhd, jsiska is\q lrhsX mrSÌKfha
m%:sm, ,sLs;j b,a,quzlreg fyda kS;s{hdg
,ndfok w;r tu.ska fuz iuznkaOj woyia
m%ldY lsrSug fyda mrSÌKh w;r;=r jq
m%;sjsreoaO;d bj;a lr.ekSug wjia:dj ysus
fjzX fuu l%shdj,sh b,a,quz lrk lafIa;%
jmirsh u; mokuz fjz’
m%ldYKh ( fndfyda rgj,a fmagkagz wh\quzm;
iuzmqrAKlr ndr\qka osk isg udi 18 la ;=,oS
fmagkagz wh\quzm; m%ldYhg m;a lrhsX
tfiau fmagkagz iy;slh msrskeuSfuka miqj
fmagkagz ldrAhd,h úiskao th m%ldYhg m;a
lrhsX
m%Odkh ( mrSÌK yryd ,efnk wjika
jdrA;dj wjYH lreKq imqrd we;sjsg fmagkagz
ldrAhd,h jsiska fmagkagz ,nd fok w;r
fmagkagz iy;slh msrskeuSu is\q lrhsX
jsreoaO;d ( fndfyduhla fmagkagz ldrAhd,
jsiska msrskuk ,o fmagkagz iy;slh i|yd
;=kajk mdrAYjhlska m%;sjsfrdaO;d we;skuz
bosrsm;a lsrSug ld,hla yd wjia:djla ,nd
fokq ,efnzX Wod-: fmagkagz ysusldrS;ajh
,nd\qka fidhd .ekSu kj fidhd .ekSula
fkdjk jsgoS fuu m%;sjsfrdaO;d bosrsm;a lsrSu
kshus; ld, mrdihka ;=, fmagkagz msrskeóug
fmr fyda miq l, hq;= fjz'
fmagkagz wh\quz m;%h f.dkq lsrSu
jsOsu;a mrslaIdj
wh\quz m;%h m%isoaO lsrSu
fidaosis yd ;yjqre mrSlaId
m%odkh yd m%isoaO lsrSu
jsfrdaO;d mgsmdgsh
we;eï fmagkagz ldrAhd, j, by; j.=j
fmagkagz ,ndosfï mgsmdgska i\+yd fhdod .efkaX
fuu mgsmdgsh ldrAhd,fhka ldrAhd,hg fjkia
fjsX
kj fidhd .eksula fmagkagz lsrSugfldmuK uqo,la jeh fjzo@fmagkagz lsrSug jeh jk uqo, rglska rglg
fjkia fjzX th tla rgla ;=,os kj fidhd .ekSfuz
iajNdjh" ixlSrAK nj, kS;s{ .dia;=, wh\quzmf;a
m%udKh, mrSÌK ld,h ;=,oS fmagkagz ldrAhd,h
fj; ,enqKq jsreoaO;d m%udKh hk lreKq u;
;SrKh fjzX ta ksid fmagkagz ,nd .ekSug fmr
th iuznkaOj jk jshouz ms<sn|j ukd
wjfndaOhla ,nd ;snSu b;d jeo.;a fjzX
fmr uq,dY% jsurAYk i|yd jsfYaIfhkau Tn
jsfYaI{hl=f.a iyh ,nd .kafka kuz ta i|yd
kshus; .dia;=jla we;X;
tfiau rglska rglg fjkia jk ldrAhd,
ugsgfuz wh\quzm;a msrjSfuz .dia;= we;X wod,
cd;sl fyda m%dfoaYSh fmagkagz ldrAhd, fj;ska
.dia;= ms<sn| jsia;r ,nd .; yelshsX we;euz
ldrAhd, fj;ska iq¿ yd uOHu mrsudK
jHdmdrslhskag iy wka;rAcd,h yryd
wh\quzm;a mqrjk wh\quzlrejka i|yd jgzguz
myiqluz ,nd fohsX we;euz rgj,oS mrsÌK
lvskuz lr .ekSu i|yd .dia;= l%u o yªkajd
oS we;’
Tn fmagkagz ksfhdacs;hl= $ kS;s{hl=f.a iyh
,nd .kshs kuz ^WodyrK f,i fmagkagz
lsrsfuz wjYH;d ms<sn| woyia .ekSu, wh\quzm;
ieliSu, o< igyka ieliSu, fmagkagz
ldrAhd,h iu.Z mj;ajk rdcldrs .kqfokq
wdosh& Tng wu;r .dia;=jla jeh lsrSug
is\qfjhsX;
fmagkagz ldrAhd,h jsiska Tng fmagkagz
ysusldrS;ajh ,nd \qka jsg th mj;ajd
.ekSug" w¿;a lsrSu i|yd Tn jdrAIsl
.dia;=jla f.jsh hq;= fjz;
Tn jsfoaYSh fmagkagz iy;slhla ,end .ekSug
;SrKh l, fyd;a tysoS wod, ldrAhd,
ugzgfuz we\quzm;a msrjSfuz .dia;, mrsjrA;k
.dia;+, tu rfgz fmagkagz ksfhdacs;hdf.a
.dia;= f.jSug is\q fjzX ^TskEu rgl jsfoaYSh
wh\quzlrefjl=g fuu wjYH;djh imqrd,Sug
is\qfjz’&
we;euz jsg fmagkagz ,nd .kafka Ìqø jsoHdj
iuznkaO fidhd .ekSulg kuz ta i|yd
ms<s.;a wdh;khl ;ekam;= wh\quzm;a msrjSu
yd wod, mrSÌK iuznkaO .dia;= f.jSu
w;HjYHfjzX
20
ww
w.
wi
po
.i
nt
/s
me
/
OAPI fmagkagz wxl 40893 YrSr wNHka;r reOsrh
.e,Sula is\qjk wjia:djlos Ndjs;dl, yels
WmlrKhlsX fidhd .ekSfuz ksrAud;Djrhd
jkafka khscSrshdkq cd;sl ffjoH Tjsfuda Tjdvzcs
miqj fuh EAT SET bkaviag%Sia yd *rAiagz fuvsl,a
wekavz iags,a m%vlagzia hgf;a fj<|m,g yªkajd fokq
,ensKsX
Tn fmagkagz wh\quzm;la Ndrosh hq;af;aflosklo@
idudkHfhka fmagkagz wh\quzm; msrjSu i|yd
wjYH lrk ish¿u f;dr;=re ,nd f.k we;s jsg
fmagkagz i|yd wh\quz lsrSu jvd;a fhda.H fjzX
flfia jqj;a wh\quzm; NdroSug iq\qiqu ld,h
l=ulao hkak ;SrKh lsrSu i|yd jeo.;a jk
lreKq lsysmhla ms<sn|j i,ld ne,sh hq;=h' tajd
kuz(
f,dj mqrd fndfyda rgj,a fmagkagz ,ndoSu
is\qlrkafka wh\quzm;a ndr\qka wkqms<sfj,
wkqjhsX ^msgq wxl 22 n,kak&X wh\quz lr we;s
kj fidhd .ekSu wka mdrAYjhla jsiska lrk
,o kj fidhd .ekSula jqjo m<uq wh¥ïlreg
m%uql;ajh ysñ fõ'
fmagkagz b,a,quz lrk ksuejqu i|yd uq,HdOdr
fidhd .ekSug iy fj<|m,g ksl=;a lsrSug
fmr wjirm;a ,nd .ekSfuzoS wh\quzm;a m<uqj
NdroSfuz jdish w;a fjzX
wod, fmagkagz ldrAhd,h jsiska fmagkagz
ysusluz ,nd oSfuka miqj idudkHfhka th
j,x.= ;;a;ajhg m;a fjzX we;euz jsg thg
jir lsysmhla .; jsh yelshsX ^msgq wxl 26
n,kak&
Tn kj fidhd .ekSula l, jsgoS thg fmagkagz
,nd .ekSug lvskuz jSu t;ruz fhda.H ke;X
thg my; fya;= n,mdkq ,efnzX
Tn b;d blaukska wh\quzm;a NdroSfuka miqj
Tnf.a kj fidhd .ekSug kj fjkialuz
is\ql,fyd;a tu fjkialuz uq,a wh\quzm;g
we;=,;a lsrSug yelshdjla fkdue;X
Tnf.a wh\quzm; tla rgl fyda tla l,dmSh
rgl fmagkagz ldrAhd,hlg ,ndoSfuka miqj"
tu osk isg Tnf.a jHdmdrsl Wkka\qj we;s
wksl=;a ish¿u rgj, fmagkagz ldrAhd, fj;
tu fidhd.ekSu i|ydu fmagkagz wh\quzm;a
NdroSug udi 12 l ld, mrspzfPaohla fjka
fldg we;X ^msgq wxl 30 n,kak& kuq;a fuh
we;euz jsg jsjsO rgj, wod, wh\quz yd
kv;a;= .dia;= f.jSu iud.ug wOsl jshoula
fjzX fuh ;rula \qrg ,sys,a lr .ekSu i|yd
fmagkagz iyfhda.s;d .sjsiqu (Patent
Cooperation Treaty - PCT) Ndjs;d l,
yelshsX tysos mrsjrA;k .dia;=, cd;sl
ugzgfuz jsjsO .dia;= f.jSï udi 30l ld,hla
i|yd l,a oud .ekSfuz yelshdj ,efnzX ^msgq
wxl 32 yd 33 n,kak&
fmaagkagz wh\qïm; Ndrfok ld,h ;SrKh
lsrSfuzoS kj fidhd .ekSu wkdjrKhg fmr wod,
fmagkagz wh\qqïm; NdroSu jeo.;afjzX flfia
fj;;a wh\quzm; NdroSug fmr we;euz jsg kj
fidhd .ekSu ms<sn| wkdjrKh l,hq;= wjia:d o
we;sfjzX ^fj<|m, mrSÌK" wdfhdaclhska yd
jHdmdr yjq,alrejka iuÕ lghq;= lsrSfuzoS& tysos
wksjdrAHfhkau wod, mdrAYjhka iuÕ ryiHuh
fyda wkdjrKh fkdlsrSfï .sjsiqulg we;=,;ajSu
jeo.;ahX
21
22
ww
w.
wi
po
.i
nt
/s
me
/
fmagkagz wh\quzm; NdroSug fmr kj fidhd.ekSu ryis.; njska ;nd .ekSu fld;ruz\qrg jeo.;[email protected] kj fidhd .ekSug fmagkagz ,nd .ekSug
woyia lrhs kuz fmagkagz wh\quzm; NdroSug fmr
tys ryiH nj wdrÌd lr .ekSu w;HjYHfjzX
jsjsO ;;a;ajhka hgf;a fuh uyck;djg
wkdjrKh jqjfyd;a fyda wod, kS;sh u.ska Tng
iyk ld,hla ,nd fkd\qka jsg fyda Tnf.a kj
fidhd .ekSu kjH jQjla fkdjk nj;a th
fmagkagz .ekSug kqiq\qiq jQjla nj ;SrKh ùug
bv we;X ^msgq wxl 23 n,kak&
tu ksid kj ksmehquzlrejka, mrSÌlhsk, iud.uz
;u kj ksmehqu iuznkaO ryiH nj /l.ekSug
Wkka\q jSu jeo.;ahX tfia fkdue;s jqjfyd;a th
kj fidhd .ekSug fmagkagz ksl=;a lsrSug kqiq\qiq
njg fya;=jla jsh yelshsX
m<uqj wh\quzm; NdroSu iy m<uqj kjfidhd .ekSula lsrSufndfyda rgj, m<uqj fmagkagz wh\quzm; bosrsm;a
lrk ;eke;a;dg fmagkagz ysusldrS;ajh ,ndfohsX
kuq;a tlai;a ckmofha Ndjs;d jk l%uh fuhg
jvd fjkiahX tysoS m<uqj wh\quzm; Ndrfok
mqoa.,hdg fkdj m<uqj kj fidhd .ekSu l,
mqoa.,hdg fmagkagz ysusldrS;ajh ,nd fohsX tysos
kj fidhd .ekSu ;yjqre lsrSug Bg wod,,
ls%hdj,sfha úúO mshjr osk jljdkq iys;jo
w;aika iys;j mj;ajdf.k .sh mrAfhaIKd.dr
jdrA;d igykao bosrsm;a lsrSu w;HjYHh fjzX fuz
iuznkaOj fjk;a iud.ulska fyda kj
ksmehquzlrejl=f.ka jsreoaO;d we;s jqjfyd;a fuu
jdrA;d igyka idÌs f,i m%fhdackhg .kshsX
wka;rAcd;sl wh\quzm;a wxl PCT/IBO1/00706cx.u \qrl:khla jevs oshqKq l, wjia:djla
f;drj fmagkagz ysusldrS;ajh ,nd .ekSfuz
yelshdj mj;SX
flfia jqj;a fuh iEu rglgu fmd\q fkdjk
w;r th wod, rfgz kS;sh wkqj mj;sk iyk
ld,h fyda tfia ke;s rgl kuz tu rfÜ Ndjs;
jk l%uh u; mokuz fjzX
§iyk ld,h§ hkq l=ulao@kj fidhd .ekSu l, fudfydf;a isg th fmagkagz
wh\qï lsrSu olajd jk ld,h w;r;=roS kj
ksmehquzlre fyda wh\quzlre yryd kj fidhd
.ekSu ndysr mdrYjhkag wkdjrKh jsh yelshsX
tysoS we;euz rgj,a fuz i|yd §iyk ld,hla tkuz
udi 6 - 12 olajd ld,hla ,ndoS we;X tysoS tjeks
wdjrKhla uÕska tu kj fidhd .ekSug fmagkagz
,enSug we;s iq\qiqlu wfydais jSu j,lajd,Su is\q
flfrAX we;euz rgj, iud.uz jsiska kj fidhd
.ekSu fj<|fmd, j, m%orAYkh lsrSfuka" iud.uz
jsia;r m;%sldjkays fyda ;dÌKsl m%ldYj, m,
lsrSfuka" kj fidhd .ekSu ms<sn|j ndysr
mdrAYjhkag wkdjrKh jqj;a wod, iyk ld,h
;=, fmagkagz i|yd wh\quzlsrSfuka ndOdjlska
23
;djld,sl fmagkagz wh\quzm;Tziafgz%,shdj, lekvdj, bkaoshdj yd weursld
tlai;a ckmoh we;=,;aj rgj,a lsysmhl
;djld,sl fmagkagz wh\qïm;a msrjSfuz myiqj
i,id we;X b;d wvq .dia;= l%uhla hgf;a
fmagkagz l%uhg we;=,;a jSug ;djld,sl fmagkagz
wh\quzm; yryd wjia:dj ysusfjzX fuz wkqj
wh\quzlreg fmagkagz wh\quzm; iuzmqrAK lsrSug
jirl ld,hla ysusfjzX kuq;a fuh rglska rglg
fjkia ;;a;ajhla fmkakquz lrhsX iuyr lreKq
fmd\qfjz Ndú;ho is\qfjzX
fuu wh\quzmf;aoS ikd: lsrSfuz mrSÌK
fhdod fkd.kshsX
iuzmqrAK fmagkagz wh\qïm;a i|yd jk .dia;=
yd ii|k jsg ;djld,sl fmagkagz wh\quzm;la
i|yd jk .dia;= b;d wvq w.hla fjzX
fuhg ysusluz we;=,;a fkdjk kuq;a kj
fidhd .ekSu ms<sn|j iuzmqrAK jsia;rhla
wjYH fjzX
wka;rAcd;sl wh\quzm;a wxl PCT/EP02/05212
fmagkagz wh\quzmf;a wdlD;sh l=ulao@ fmagkagz wh\quzm; i|yd jsjsO ldrAHhka mrdihla
we;X
th fmagkagz ysusldrs;ajfha we;s kS;suh
;;a;ajh ;yjqre lrhs
th kj fidhd .ekSfuz iajNdjh jsia;r
lrhsX thg kj fidhd .ekSu is\qlrkafka
flfiao hkak o we;=,;ahX
th kj ksmehquzzlre" fmagkagz ysuslre yd
fjk;a kS;suh f;dr;=re ms<sn| jsia;r ,nd
fohsX
f,dj mqrdu fmagkagz wh\quzm;a iudk wdldrhlg
wdlD;s .; lr we;X thg b,a,Su, jsia;rh,
ysuslu, rEm igyka ^wjYHh kuz& iy idrdxYh
hk lreKq we;=,;ahX fmagkagz wh\quzm;la msgq
lsysmhl isg ish .Kkla olajd m%udKhla
;snSug yels w;r th kj fidhd .ekSfuz
iajNdjh yd wod, ;dÌKsl l%ufjzoh hk
lreKq u; ;SrKh fjzX
b,a,Su
kj fidhd .ekSfuz kduh, Ndrfok oskh, wjYHh
oskh, mqoa., f;dr;=re, tkuz wh\quzlref.a iy
kj ksmehquzzlref.a ku iy ,smskhka fuhg
we;=,;ahX
jsia;rh
fuysos kj fidhd .ekSu ms<sn| meyeos,s iuzmqrAK
f;dr;=re ,ndoSu l, hq;= fjzX tkuz ,ndoS we;s
f;dr;=re yd rEm igyka wkqj huska tu
fÌa;%fhau isgsk ksmqK;djhlska hq;=
mqoa.,fhl=g kj wdhdihlska f;drj tu kj
ksmehqqu lsrSug wjYH jsia;r we;=,;a jsh hq;=hX
th tfia fkdue;s jqjfyd;a Widjs ;SrKhla ,nd
.ksuska fmagkagz ysuslu ,nd fkdoSug fyda
ysusldrS;ajh wj,x.= lsrSug yelshdj we;X
ysusluz
fuhska fmagkagz ysuslfuz wdrÌdj ms<sn|j jsia;r
lrhsX §ysusluz§ hkak fmagkagz ysusldrS;ajh
iuznkaOj b;d jeo.;a lreKla fjzX tkuz
ysusluz wmeyeos,s f,i iuzmqrAK lsrSfuka b;d
jeo.;a fmagkagz ysusldrs;ajhla jgskdlula
fkdue;s ysusldrs;ajhla njg m;a jsh yelshsX
fuysoS ysusluz hk fldgfia os" fmagkagz
ysusldrS;ajhg jgskdlula we;so" thska
W,a,x>Kh jSula is\qfjzo hkak fidhd ne,Su b;d
jeo.;a fjzX fuz ksid jsfYaIfhkau wh\quzm;l
§ysusldrs;ajh§ hk fldgi iuzmqrAK lsrSug
jsfYaI{fhl=f.a iyh ,nd .ekSu b;d fhda.H fjzX
24
ww
w.
wi
po
.i
nt
/s
me
/
ysusluz i|yd WodyrK
fmagkagz wxl US4641349 i|yd whsrsia y¥kd
.ekSfï l%uh (Iris Recognision System)" wkqj
m<uq yd fojk ysusluz
1’ mqoa.,hka y¥kd .ekSu msksi Tyqf.a wefiys
;drd uxv,fha fyda l¨ bx.srshdfõ wkqrEmhla
.nvd lsrSu fuu.ska is¥ flfrA' hï wdf,dal
;;ajhla hgf;a ;drd uxv,fha fyda l¨
bx.srshdfõ wkqrEmhla moaO;shg we;,;a flfrA'
mqoa.,fhla y¥kd .ekSfïos iudk wdf,dal
;;ajhla u;u Tyqf.a wefiys iudk fldgil
wkqrEmhla ,nd f.k oekgu;a moaO;sfha .nvd
lr we;s o;a; iu. ixikaokh lr mqoa.,hka
y¥kd .efka'
2’ tla tla wdf,dal ;;ajhka hgf;a wefiys ;drd
uxv,h yd l¨ bx.srshdj m%idrKh jk m%udKh
fjkia fõ' mqrAj ks.ukh lrk ,o hï wdf,dal
;;ajhla hgf;a ,nd .;a fuu wkqrEmh yd
iei|Sug Bg iudk wdf,dal ;;ajhla hgf;au
,nd .;a wkqrejla fhdod .efka'
rEm igyka
huz kj fidhd .ekSul ;dÌKsl f;dr;=re
idrdxY.;j yd oDIHudk f,i jsia;r lsrSu rEm
igyka u.ska is\qfjzX fuu.ska f;dr;=re jsia;r
lsrSu, WmlrK fyda m%;sM, fmkajSu ms<sn|
lreKq i|yd Wojz fjzX rEm igyka iEu
wh\quzm;la i|ydu wjYH fkdfjzX kj fidhd
.eksfuz huz ls%hdj,shla fyda huz fohla is\q lrk
wdldrh olajk fohla kuz ta i|yd rEm igyka
yeujsgu wjYHh fkdfjzX rEm igyka wjYH kuz
idudkHfhka kS;sfhka ta nj fmkajd fohsX
rrEEmm iiggyykkllgg WWooddyyrrkkhhllaa
idrdxYh
fuhska kj fidhd .ekSu ms<sn| ixÌsma;
jsia;rhla ,nd fohsX fmagkagz ldrAhd, u.ska
fmagkagz ysusldrS;ajh m%ldYhg m;a lrk jsgos
tys m<uq msgqfjz idrdxYh olajhsX we;euz jsg
fmagkagz ldrAHhd,fha wod, mrSÌljrhd jsiska
idrdxYh jevs oshqKq lsrSu fyda ilia lsrSu lrkq
,nhsX
25
jdyk frdao Tijkh fmagkagz wxl DE10230179fudagrA r:hl frdao tijSu i|yd Ndjs;d l,yels kj;u frdao Tijkhla fuhska fmkakquzlrhsX th WmlrK wdlD;sh" ^11& frdao ^1& ydiuznkaO jS we;s ndysr rsuz ^4& iu.Z Ndjs;d lrhsXtu.ska frdao Tijkhg frdao Rcqju tyd fuydl, yels w;r fudagrA r:fha n| thska tyd fuydfkdfjhsX tu ksid fuhska frdao fmdf<dj ugzguskamyiqfjka by<g .; yelssh’
fmagkagz ysuslfuz fida\qm;a lshjd ne,Sufmagkagz ysusldrS;ajh m%odkh lsrSfuka miqj th
b;d uekjska lshjd n,d ksjeros nja, jpk j,
iuzmQ¾KNdjh .ek ie,ls,su;a jSu b;d jeo.;a
fjzX jsfYaIfhkau fuh ysusldrS;ajh iuznkaOj
jeo.;a fjzX
fmagkagz wdrÌdjla ,nd .ekSug fldmuKld,hla .; fjhso@fmagkagz iy;slhla m%odkh lsrSug hk ld,h
fmagkagz ldrAHhd,hlska ldrAHhd,hlg fjkia fjzX
tfiau th wod, ;dÌKsl fÌa;% wkqjo fjkia
fjzX fuu ld,h udi lsysmhl isg jir lsysmhla,
tkuz idudkHfhka jir 2-5 w;r ld,hla jsh
yelshsX we;euz fmagkagz ldrAHhd, j,ska fmagkagz
ysusluz ,nd oSu jvd lvskuz lrk l%shdmámdàka
yªkajd oS we;X
ljr oskl isg Tnf.a fmagkagz ysusldrS;ajhwdrÌd fjzo@Tng fmagkagz ysusldrS;ajh m%odkh lrk osk isg
Tng ta iuznkaOj we;s whs;Ska n,d;aul fjzX
tkuz Tng ysusldrS;ajh ,enSfuka miqj fjk;a
;=kajk mdrAYjhla jsiska kS;sHdkql+, fkdjk mrsos
th Ndjs;d lrhs kuz thg jsreoaOj Tng kS;suh
mshjr .ekSug whs;sh we;X we;euz rgj,
ysusldrS;ajh m%odkh lsrSfuka miqj lrk
W,a,x>Kh lsrSu tkuz fmagkagz wh\quzm;
m%ldYhg m;al, osk ^idudkHfhka m<uq
wh\quzm; NdroSfuka udi 18lg miqj& yd
fmagkagz ysñldrS;ajh m%odkh l, osk w;r ld,h
;=,oS lrKq ,nk W,a,x>Kh lsrSuzj,g tfrysj
kS;suh mshjr .eksug Tng whs;sh we;X kshu
jYfhka m%ldYkh yd m%odkh w;r lrkq ,nk
W,a,x>Kh lsrSuz j,os Tng ie,lsh hq;= jkaoshla
,nd .ekSugo yelshdj mj;SX kuq;a fuh iEu
rglgu fmd\q fkdfjzX ^n,d;aul lsrSu ms<sn|
jevs\qr f;dr;=re i|yd msgq wxl 39 isg 41
n,kak& we;euz rgj, tla kj fidhd .ekSula
i|yd fmagkagz wh\quzm;;aa, Ndjs; fudv,
wh\quzm;;a NdroSfuz myiqj i,id we;X fuh
we;euz jsg is\qlrkafka l%udKql+, fmagkagz
ysusldrS;ajh msrskuk ;=re Ndjs; fudv, wdrÌd
lsrSfuz jdish ^fuh jvd blaukska m%odkh lrk
nejska& wh\quzlreg ,nd oSfuz wruqK iys;jhs'
26
ww
w.
wi
po
.i
nt
/s
me
/
wka;rAcd;sl wh\quzm;a wxl PCT/FR/2004/00264pkaøsld ;dlaÌKhg wod, pkaøsldj, wdlD;shmd,kh lrk WmlrKhlsX
fmagkagz wdrÌd lsrSu fldmuK ld,hlgj,x.= fõo@ cd;Hka;r jYfhka oekg mj;akd kS;suh
;;ajhkag wkqj fmagkagz wh\quzm; Ndr\qka osk
isg jir 20 ld,hla i|yd fmagkagz whs;shg
wdrÌKh ysus fjhsX tfiau fuysoS kshus; mrsos
w¿;a lsrSfuz yd kv;a;= .dia;= f.jd ;snsh hq;=
w;r fuu ld,h w;r;=r oS wj,x.= lsrSuz i|yd
b,a,Sula fyda wfydais lsrSula is\q fkdjsh hq;= fjzX
by; ;;ajh fmagkagz ysusldrS;ajfha kS;suh
j,x.= ld,h yd ne|S we;s w;r fmagkagz whs;sfhys
jHdmdrsl fyda wdrA:sluh wdhq ld,fha jgskdlu
my; wjia:d wkqj ;SrKh fjzX tkuz kj fidhd
.ekSu yd iuznkaO ;dÌKh h,a mek.sh jsgoS
th fj<|m,g yªkajd oSug fkdyels jQ jsgoS fyda
ksIamdokh fj<|m, ;=,oS widrA:l jSu hk
wjia:djkahX fuz ish¿ wjia:djkays oS fmagkagz
ysuslre jsiska fmagkagz kv;a;= lsrSuz yd w¿;a
lsrSu .dia;= fkdf.jSug ;SrKh lrhsX ta wkqj
kS;sh wkqj ,ndoS we;s jir 20l ld,h bl=;a
jSug fmru ysusldrS;ajh wdrÌd jSu wj,x.=fjzX
we;euz rgj, jsfYaIs; wjia:djka j,oS fuu
wdrÌl ld,h jir 20 g jvd oSrA> lsrSu fyda
mrsmqrl wdrÌl iy;slhla (Supplementary
Protection Certificate - SPCs) ,ndoSu is\qfjzX
Wod( T!IO fÌa;%h iuznkaO fmagkagz
ysusldrS;ajfhaoS wod, rdcHh wdh;k j,ska wf,js
wkque;Ska ,nd .ekSug oS.= l,la .;fõ' fuyzoS
jir 20lg jvd oSrA> lsrSu oelsh yelsh' mrsmqrl
wdrÌl iy;slhla ,nd .ekSu i|yd iSus;
ld,hla we;s w;r th jir 5 lg fkdjevs jsh
hq;=hsX
27
fmagkagz ysusldrS;ajh ia:sr ;Ska¥jla ,ndfkdue;s wjia:dj we;euz iud.uz jsiska ;u ksIamdokj, “fmagkagz
iy;slh ,enSu .ek ;Ska¥jla ,enSug we;” fyda
“fmagkagz i|yd b,a,quzlr we;” hkqfjka i|yka
lrhsX thg fmagkagz wh\quzm;a m%udKho we;=,;a
lr ;sfnzX ta yd iudkj fmagkagz ysusldrS;ajh
,enSfuka miqj fmagkagz ysusldrS;ajh ,enqKq nj
yd fmagkagz w.hka ms<sn|j ;u ksIamdokfha
i|yka lrhsX tfia jqj;a fuhska lsis\q kS;suh
wdrÌdjla fkd,efnzX fuhska ;=kajk mdrAYjhlg
iuzmqrAK ksIamdokh fyda tys we;euz
ksrAudKd;aul fldgia wkjirfhka Wmqgd .ekSu
j<lajd,Su i|yd wk;=re we.jSu muKla is\qfjhsX
fmagkagz wh\quzm;la NdroSug Tng fmagkagzksfhdacs;hl=f.a iyh wjYHho@ fmagkagz wh\quzm;la iuzmqrAK lr ilia lsrSu yd
fmagkagz m%odkh olajd jk mshjr b;d ixlSrAK
jqjlsX fmagkagz wdrÌdj i|yd wh\quz lsrSu hkq
Tnf.a kj fidhd .ekSu i|yd fmagkagz
ysusldrS;ajh j,lajd,k fjk;a fmr uq,dY%
we;so hkak jsuid ne,Su
ysuslï kS;suh yd ;dlaÌKsl lreKq we;=¿j
kj fidhd .ekSu iuznkaOj iuzmqrAK
jsia;rhla ,nd oSuX
jsfYaIfhkau fmagkagz wh\quzmf;a ikd:
lsrSfuz mrSÌKh meje;afjk ld,h we;ZZ¿Zj"
28
ww
w.
wi
po
.i
nt
/s
me
/
fmagkagz wxl EP1165393.
fgdarnka *a,ekanuZZz kuz iud.u jsiska ødjK
jlalrk WmlrKhla ksmojk ,oS’ fuys
jsfYaI;ajh jQfha ødjK msg;g jlalrk
w;ru jd;h iu. ødjKh usY% lsrSfuz
yelshdj mej;Suhs’ fuh fvkaudrAlfha iq¿
yd uOH mrsudK wdh;hl jk fukq ta$tia
kuz wdh;kfhka wf,js lrk ,o w;r by,
idrA:l;ajhla ,nd .;af;ah’
cd;sl fyda l,dmSh fmagkagz ldrAHhd, iu.Z
wod, ,sms f,aLK uekjska mj;ajd .ekSuX
fmagkagz ldrAhd, jsiska b,a uz lrk jsjsO
fjkia lsrSuz wh\quzm;g we;=,;a lsrSuX
fufia n,k l, fmagkagz ,nd .ekSu i|yd
fmagkagz kS;sh yd fmagkagz ldrAhd, j, l%shd
mámdáka ms<sn|j by, oekqula ;sîu jeo.;a fõ'
fuysos kS;suh iy ;dÌKsl iyh w;HjYH
fkdjqko Tjqkaf.a iyh ,nd .ekSu tla w;lska
jvd;a M,odhs fjzX ta wkqj kS;suh miqnsula yd
w;aoelSuz iys; iy kj fidhd .ekSug wod,
fÌa;%h ms<sn| ;dÌKsl miq nsula we;s fmagkagz
ksfhdacs;hl=f.a iyh ,eîu jvd fhda.Hh fjzX
fndfyduhla kS;s u.ska tu rg;=, ,shdmosxps
fmagkagz ksfhdacs;hl=f.a iyh ^jsfoaYSh b,a¨uzlre
jsiska& ,nd .; hq;= nj ksrAfoaY lr we;X
tla ;ks wh\quzm;lska jsjsO fidhd .eksuzi|yd wdrÌdjla ,nd .; yelso@ tla fmagkagz wh\quzm;la ;=, jsjsO fidhd .ekSuz
we;=,;a l, jsg ta i|yd fmagkagz kS;s u.ska huz
huz iSudjka mkjd we;X fuu iSudjka kj fidhd
.eksuzj, tl;=j hkqfjka y¥kajkq ,efí' ^Wod(
weursld tlai;a ckmofha fmagkagz kS;sh”
^hqfrdamSh fmagkagz iuzuq;sh yd fmagkagz
iyfhda.s;d .sjsiqu&X ;ks wh\quzm;l we;=,; kj
fidhd .ekSuz lKavdhula ^ksIamdokfha oÌ
ixl,amh& i|yd fmagkagz kS;s imhd we;X fidhd
.ekSuz j, talu;sl nfjz wvqjla jqjfyd;a ysusluz
i|yd iSud mekjSu fyda wh\quzm; fnoSfuz
wjYHh;djhka ^fldgia lrk ,o wh\quzm;&
b,a,quzlreg we;sjsh yelshsX fuu Ndjs; kS;sj,
we;s fjkialuz ksid we;euz rgj, oS tla fmagkagz
wh\quzm;la m%udKj;a jk w;r ;j;a rgj,a j,oS
tlu miqnsula wdjrKh lsrSug wh\quzm;a folla
fyda jevs m%udKhla Ndr oSug is\qfjzX
29
msrslaiquz ,ehsia;=fjz idrdxYh Tnf.a kj fidhd .ekSug fmagkagz ,nd.;
yelso@ fmr uq,dY% iuSÌKhla lsrSu iy
fmagkagz iuznkaO o;a; .nvd Ndjs;h
jeo.;afjzX
fmagkagz wh\qïm;la NdroSu( wod, fÌa;%fha
;dÌKsl jsfYaI{ oekqula iys; fmagkagz
ksfhdacs;hl= fyda kS;s{hl=f.a iyh ,nd
.ekSu jeo.;ahX ysusluz iuznkaO f,aLK
j,oS fuu iyh jsfYaI fjzX
wh\quzm; yd wod, ld,h( fmagkagz
wh\quzm;la NdroSu jvd;a blaukska is\qlsrSu
iy miqj NdroSu hgf;a jk jdis yd
wjdisodhl ;;a;ajhka ie,ls,a,g .ekSu
fuysoS jeo.;afjzX
kj fidhd .ekSu iuznkaO f;dr;=re wkjYH
ld,hloS wkdjrKh jqjfyd;a th fmagkagz
iy;slh fkd,enSug fya;=jla fjzX
fmagkagz kv;a;= .dia;=( n,mj;akd mrsos
Tnf.a fmagkagz ysusldrS;ajh mj;ajd .ekSug
thg wod, kv;a;= .dia;= iy w¿;a lsrSfuz
.dia;= kshus; mrsos f.jsh hq;=fjzX
3. jsfoaY rgloS fmagkagzwdrCIKh
jsfoaY rg j,oS fmagkagz wdrlaIKh l<hq;af;a wehs@fmagkagz i|yd we;af;a foaYiSud j,g iSudjq
whs;shlsX fjk;a f,ilska lshkafka kuz Tnf.a
fmagkagz ysusldrS;ajhg wdrÌdjla iemfhkafka
fmagkagz iy;slh j,x.= jk rg ;=,oS fyda
l,dmh ;+,oS muKsX tkuz huz rgla ;=,os Tnf.a
fmagkagz ysusldrS;ajh wdjrKh fkdfjz kï ta rg
;=,oS Tnf.a fmagkagz .; fidhd .ekSuz Ndjs;hg
fyda wdkhkhg fyda jslsKSug TzkEu flfkl=g
whs;shla we;X
jsfoaYSh rglos Tfí NdKav i|yd fmagkagz
wdrlaIKh ,nd .ekSfuka tu rg ;=,oS Tnf.a
kj fidhd .ekSug mru whs;shla ysus fjzX Bg
wu;rj jsfoaYSh iud.uz fj; Tnf.a fidhd
.ekSu Ndjs;hg n,m;% ksl=;a lsrSug, jHdmdrsl
iuznkaO;d jevslr .ekSug iy wka wh iuÕ
tlaj tu rgj, fj<|m,g wj;SrAK ùug
wjia:djla ,efnzX
jsfoaY rgl fmagkagz wdrÌd lsrSugwh\quzl, hq;af;a l=uk ld,hloS o@kj fidhd .ekSula i|yd fmagkagz whs;sh ,nd
.kq jia m<uq wh\quzm; bosrsm;a l< oskh
m%uqL;d oskh kuz jk w;r fjk;a rgloS jqjo
Bg miqj tkuz udi 12 la we;=,; oS ^tkuz
m%uqL;d ld,h ;=,oS& fjk;a mdrAYjhka jsiska tu
fidhd .ekSu i|ydu lrk ,o whÿuzm;lg jvd
m<uq wh\quzm;g m%uqL;djh ,efnkq we;X
tnejska Tnf.a kj fidhd .ekSu ioZyd jsfoaYSh
rglos wdrlaIdj ,nd .ekSug wfmalaId lrkafka
kï fmagkagz wh\quzm; m%uqL;d ld,h ;=,os u
ndroSu jeo.;a fjzX
m%uqL;d ld,h wjika jSfuka miqj jqjo fmagkagz
ldrAHhd,h u.ska fmagkagz whs;sh m<uqj m%ldYhg
m;a lrk oskh olajd ^idudkHfhka m%uqL;d
oskfha isg udi 18 ld,hla olajd& fjk;a rgloS
ta iudku fidhd .ekSulg wjYHh
ysusldrS;ajhg ,ndfok fuka b,a,Sfï yelshdj
mj;sk kuq;a fuysoS m%uqL;ajh ysñ jkafka uq,a
wh¥ï lreghs’ fidhd .ekSu m%isoaO lsrSfuka
miqj jsfoaYSh rgloS fmagkagz wdrÌdj ,nd
.ekSug lsisu mdrAYjhlg wjia:dj ke;X thg
fya;=j jkafka m%isoaO lsrSfuka miqj ;j ¥rg;a
tu fidhd .ekSu kjH fidhd .ekSula f,i
fkdie,flk fyhsks’
30
ww
w.
wi
po
.i
nt
/s
me
/
wka;rAcd;sl wh\quzm;a wxl PCT/US02/12182.\qria: md,l l%uhl jevs oshqKq l, ksrAudKhla
Tnf.a kj ksmehquz wdrCId lr .; hq;af;aljr ia:dkhloS o@ fndfyduhla rgj, kj ksmejqula wdrCId lr
.ekSug úYd, msrsjehla oerSug is¥jk neúka
wdrCIdjla wjYH jkafka l=uk rgj,oS o hkak
ie,ls,su;aj ;SrKh l, hq;=h’ fï iïnkaOj hï
;SrKhla .eksug n,mdk m%Odk idOl jkqfha
fmagkaÜ .; NdKavh jdKscuh jYfhka
wf,ú$ksIamdokh lsrSug n,dfmdfrd;a;=
jkafka l=uk ia:dkhlo@
iudk NdKav ioyd we;s wksl=;a m%Odk;u
fj<|m, fudkjdo@
fujeks b,lal fj<|m, ;=, fmagkaÜ lsrSug
l=uk úhoula oerSug is\qfúo@ Tng ta i|yd
jeh lsrSug yels uqo, fldmuKo@
m%Odk;u ;r.lrejka ia:dk .; ù we;af;a
l+uk ia:dk j,o@
NdKavh ksIamdokh lsrSug ie,iqï lrkafka
flfiao@
f;dard.;a rgl fmagkaÜ n,d;aul lsrSfïoS
we;s úh yels úúO ;;ajhka fudkjdo@
úfoaYSh rgloS fmagkaÜ wdrCIdj ,nd.ekSug wh\qï lrkafka flfiao@ta i|yd m%Odk udrA. ;=kla we;’
cd;sl ugzgfuka fmagkaÜ wh\qï lsrSug
n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk rfÜ cd;sl NdIdfjka
iïmqrAK l, wh\qïm;la u.ska wod, .dia;=
f.jd fï i|yd b,a¨ï l< yelshs’ kuq;a wh\qï
lsrSug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk rgj,a m%udKh jeä
kï fuh b;d wiSre yd úhoï wêl l%uhla fõ’
l,dmSh ugzgfuka huz tl.Z;djhla u;
taldnoaOj lghq;= lrk rgj,a rdYshla mokuz
lrf.k tu iuqyh wdjrKh mrsos wod, m%dfoaYSh
ldrAhd,hlg b,a¨uz m;%h bosrsm;a lsrSu u.ska
wdrlaIKh ,nd .ekSu fuhska woyia fjzX
tjeks m%dfoaYSh ldrAhd, j,g WodyrK·
nqoaOsuh foam, ms<sn|Z wm%sldkq ixjsOdkh (The
African Intellectual Property Organization - OAPI)
(www.oapi.wipo.net);
wms%ldkq l<dmsSh nqoaêuh foam< ixúOdkh
(African Regional Intellectual Property Organization -
ARIPO) (www.aripo.wipo.net);
hqfrAIshdkq fmagkaÜ ixúOdkh (Eurasian Patent
Organization - EAPO) (www.eapo.org);
hqfrdamSh fmagkaÜ ldrAhd,h (European Patent
Office - EPO) (www.epo.org);
.,a*a iyfhda.s;d ljqkais, fmagkaÜ
ldrAhd,h (The Patent Office of the Gulf)
(www.gulf-patent-office.org.sa).
31
cd;Hka;r wh¥ï m;% wxl PCT/1T98/00133,skka j,ska idok ,o kj ksIamdokhl ksIamdokls%hdj,sh i|yd b;d,sfha .srskaê SRL iud.uúiska fmagkaÜ wdrCIdj ,nd .eksks’ tysoS tukj frosms<s jdKsc jYfhka fhdod .eksfï mruwhs;sh Tjqkag ,enqks’
cd;Hka;r ugzgfuka wdrlaIKh wfmalaId
lrkafka kï cd;Hka;r fmagkagz iyfhda.s;d
.sjsiqug (Patent Cooperation Treaty - PCT)
wod, wh\quzm;la msrjSu yryd tu .sjsiqug wod,
TzkEu idudcsl rgla ;=,oS kj fidhd .ekSulg
fmagkagz wdrÌdj ,nd .ekSfuz yelshdj ysusfjhsX
tfia ysus ùug kï wh¥ï lre fmagkagz
iyfhda.s;d .sjsiqug wod, rgl mqrjeisfhl= jSu
fyda fkajdislhl= jSu fyda wh¥ïlref.a
jHdmdrhg ie,lsh hq;= ugzgfuz jdKscHuh fyda
ldrAusl ksfhdackhla tu rgj, ;snSu wjYH fjzX
fmagkagz iyfhda.s;d .sjsiqu hgf;a tla
cd;Hka;r fmagkagz wh\quzm;la Ndrosu yryd tu
.sjsiqug iuznkaO idudcsl rgj, 125 lg wOsl
m%udKhla ;=,os kj fidhd .ekSulg fmagkagz
wdrÌdj ,efnzX ^weuqKquz wxl II n,kak&
Tnf.a wh\quzm; cd;sl fyda l,dmSh fmagkagz
ldrAhd,hg fyda iy iajsÜirA,ka;fha cskSjd kqjr
msysgs nqoaOsuh foam, ms<sn| f,dal ixjsOdkfha
(WIPO) PCT ,ensuz ldrAhd,hg ndroSug yelshsX
32
ww
w.
wi
po
.i
nt
/s
me
/ msrslaiquz ,ehsia;= idrdxYhfoaYiSudj, iSudjq whs;sh ( fmagkagz whs;sh
hkq foaYiSudj,g iSud jqjlsX
m%uqL;d ld,h( jsfoaYSh fmagkagz wdrÌdj
i|yd b,a,quz lsrSu m%uqL;d ld,h ;=,os lsrSu
jeo.;afjzX fuysos kshus; osk jljdkq .ek
ie,ls,su;ajSu wjYHh fjzX
wh\quz lrkafka ljr ia:dkhlo@ wdrÌdj
,nd .ekSfuka m%;sM, ,efnkafka ljr
ia:dkhlskao iy jsjsO rgj, fmagkagz wdrÌd
ysuslu ,enSug jk jshou ms<sn| ie,ls,su;a
jkakX
wh\quz lrkafka flfiao@ fmagkagz iyfhda.s;d
.sjsiqu Ndjs;dfjka wh\quz ls%hdj,shg ,efnk
jdisodhl ;;ajh ms<sn|j ie,ls,su;a jkakX
tfiau fuz ms<sn| ;j\qrg;a jsia;r ,nd
.ekSfuka fmagkagz ,nd .ekSu ms<sn| Tnf.a
;SrKh jvd;a idrA:l lr .ekSug yelshs'
cd;Hka;r wh\quzm;a wxl PCT/US2001/028473weursldfjz iq:Z yd uOHu mrsudK jHdmdrsl
wdh;khla jk tkaghsfrda ia;Dnz fglafkdf,dcsia
fldmfrAIka u.ska fmagkagz iyfhda.s;d .sjsiqfuz
(PCT) jsOsjsOdk fhdod .ksuska tu wdh;kfha
;dÌKsl ksrAudKhla jk ldrAusl ls%hdodufhaos iy
hka;% Ndjs;fhaoS we;sjk nyqjsO mrsir \qIK
je<elajSfuz ksrAudKh jsfoaYsh fj<|m,j,os
wdrÌKh lrkq ,nhsX fmgkagz iyfhda.s;d .sjsiqfuz
(PCT) j.ka;s Ndjs;d lsrSu u.ska fuu iud.ug
;ukaf.a ;dÌKh cd;Hka;r fj<|mf,aos
wf,jslrKh n,m;% ksl+;a lsrSfuz yelshdjo ,eî
we;X
33
fmagkagz iyfhda.s;d .sjsiqfuz (PCT) we;s jdis idudkH whÿulos wod, jk m%uqL;d ld,h jk
udi 12 g wu;rj iyfhda.s;d .sjsiqu hgf;a
,shdmosxÑ ùfï osS wu;r udi 18 l ld,hla ,efí’
tu ld,h ;=,oS tla tla rgj,os ;u ksIamdokh
i|yd jk fj<| jdis ;;ajhka yd fmagkagz
wdrÌdj ,nd .ekSu l,hq;= iq\qiqu ia:dkh .ek
jegySula .ekSug wh\quzlreg yelsfjzX cd;sl
wh\quzm;g we;=,;aù we;s wh\quzm;a .dia;= yd
mrsjrA:k .dia;= m%udo lr .ekSug o yels fjzX
wh\quzlrefjdaa fmagkagz iyfhda.s;d .sjsiqu ;ukaf.a
jsl,am yels;dka \qrg jsjD; ugzgul mj;ajd
.ekSu i|yd Ndjs;d lr;sX
fmagkagz iyfhda.s;d .sjsiqfuz wka;rAcd;sl
jsurAYk jdrA;dj yd wka;rAcd;sl jsurAYk
wOsldrsfha ,sLs; woyia hk f,aLK yryd
wh\quzlrejkag ;u kj fidhd .ekSu i|yd jvd;a
iq\qiqu fmagkagz ysusldrS;ajh ms<sn| jgskd
f;dr;=re /ila ,nd .; yelsh' fuu f,aLK
Ndjs;fhka fmagkagz iyfhda.s;d .sjsiquz
wh\quzlrejkag ;u fmagkagz wdrÌdj ,nd
.kafkao@ ke;so@" tfia;a ke;akuz th ,nd .ekSug
jvd;a iq\qiq ia:dkh ms<sn| ;SrK .ekSug
Yla;su;a mokula ,efnzX kj fidhd .ekSug
wod,j yªkdf.k we;s" f,dalh mqrdu fmr uQ,dY%
f,aLK ,ehsia;=jla wka;rAcd;sl jsurAYk
jdrA;djg we;=,;ahX tfiau wka;rAcd;sl jsurAYk
jdrA;dfjz m%;sM, wkqj ilia lrk ,o jvd;a
fhda.Hh fmagkagz ysusldrS;ajh ms<sn| jsia;rhla
wka;rAcd;sl jsurAYk wêldrsfha ,sLs; woyia kuz
f,aLKhg we;=,;ahX
fmagkagz iyfhda.s;d .sjsiqu wh\quzm; tla
NdIdjlska ilid we;X thg we;af;a tla .dia;=
f.jSula muKsX tfiau thg fmagkagz iyfhda.s;d
.sjsiqug iuznkaO ish¿u idudcsl rgj,os kS;suh
wdjrKhla ,efnzX tla tla fmagkagz ldrAhd, fj;
fjka fjkaj wh\quzm;a NdroSfuzos l, hq;= f.jSuz
fuysoS wkjYHhsX ta wkqj uQ,sl .kqfokq jshouz wju
uÜgul mj;ajd .ekSug fuu l%uh WmldrS fõ'
we;euz jsg fmagkagz iyfhda.s;d .sjsiqu hgf;a o
wh\quzm;a m%dfoaYs fmagkagz ldrAhd, j,g Ndrosu
is\qfjzX fmagkagz iyfhda.s;d .sjsiqu hgf;a wod,
wh\quzm;la Ndrfokafka flfiao hkak ms<sn|
ksjeros udrAf.damfoaYkhla Tnf.a cd;sl fmagkagz
ldrAhd,h fj;ska fyda www.wipo.int/pct hk fjnz
wvjsh fj;ska ,nd .eksug yelshsX
foaYsh wh\quzm;
NdroSu
fmagkagz iyfhda.s;d.sjsiquz wh\quzm; Ndr oSu
wka;rAcd;sljsurAIK jdrA;dj yd
,sLs; woyia
wka;rAcd;sl
m%ldYK
cd;sl ;,hgwe;=,ajSu
^f;dard.; yelshs&wka;rAcd;sl
m%d:uslmrsÌKhka i|yd
b,a,qus lsrSu
udi
^f;dard.;yelshs& fmagkagzlsrSu iuznkaOjwka;rAcd;sl
m%d:usl jdrA;dj
fmagkagz iyfhda.s;d .sjsiqfuz wh\quzm;la NdroSu iuznkaO ixÌsma; igyk
0 12 1816 22 28 30
4. fmagkagz.; ;dÌKhjdKscHlrKh
Tfí fmagkagz.; ;dÌKhg jdKscHuhw.hla ,nd fokafka flfiao@ kj ksmehqug fmagkagz ,nd .;a muKskau tys
jdKscHuh idrA:l;ajhla we;s fkdfjzX fmagkagz
hkq kj fidhd .ekSula ;=,ska iud.fuz YlH;dj
jevs lsrSug Ndjs;d l, yels tla WmlrKhlsX
iud.ug oefkk iq¿ wdldrhg jdisodhl
;;ajhla we;s lr .ekSug fmagkagz.; ksIamdokh
M,odhs f,i jHdma; jsh hq;=hsX fmagkagz
ysusldrS;ajh ,o NdKavh fj<|m, ;=, idrA:l
jSfuka iud.fuz lSrA;sh yd flaj,a lsrSfuz
yelshdj by< f.dia wdodhuz by<hdu is\qfjzX
fmagkagz .; ksIamdokh fj<|m,g /f.k hdu
i|yd jsjsO jsl,am udrA. we;X
fmagkagz .; fidhd .ekSu Rcqju
jdKscHhlrKh
fjk;a wfhl=g fmagkagz whs;sh wf,js lsrSu
fmagkagz whs;sh n,m;% u.ska mejrSu
noaO jHdmdr fyda wks;a mdrAYj iuÕ Wmdh
udrA.sl iuznkaO;d we;slr .ekSu
fmagkagz.; NdKavhla fj<|m, fj;yªkajd fokafka flfiao@TkEu NdKavhla jdKsc jYfhka idrA:l jSug
fya;=j jkafka tys we;s ;dÌKsl wx.hka muKla
fkdfjzX ;dÌKsl jYfhka by< jsYsIaG
ksrAudKhla jqj;a tu NdKavhg M,odhs b,a¨ula
fkdue;s kuz fyda NdKavh ukd f,i fj<|m,g
yªkajd oS fkdue;s kuz thg mdrsfNda.sl
wdlrAYkh oskd .eksug fkdyelsfjzX tnejska
NdKavfha jdKscuh idrA:l;ajh ;j;a jsjsO
fya;=ka u; rod mj;SX
tkuz NdKavfha ksrAudKh, uq,Huh yelshdj,
M,odhs wf,js WmdhudrA., ;rÕldrs yd wkqmqrl
NdKav iuÕ ii|k jsg NdKavfha us< hk
lreKq fï w;r fõX kj ksrAudKd;aul
NdKavhla fj<|m,g yªkajd oSfuzos jHdmdrsl
ie,eiaula we;s lr .ekSu m%fhdackj;ahX
jHdmdr woyia j, YlH;dj jsuid ne,Su i|yd
jHdmdrsl ie,eiau fnfyjska Wmldrs fjzX fmagkagz
.; NdKavh fj<|m,g yªkajdoSu i|yd
wdfhdaclhl=f.a uq,Huh myiqluz ,nd .ekSug
kï jHdmdr ie,eiau w;HjYH fjzX iud.fuz
fmagkagz ysusldrS;ajh ms<sn| f;dr;=re iy
fmagkagz WmdhudrA. ms<sn| jsia;r jHdmdrsl
ie,eiaug we;=,;a lsrSu b;d jeo.;ahX fmagkagz
.; NdKavfha kjH;djh ms<n| f;dr;=re fukau
wdh;kfha Woafhd.sNdjh i|yd idÌs fmkakquz
lsrSu iy fjk;a iud.uzys fmagkagz W,a,x>Kh
lsrSfuz wjOdku ms<sn| f;dr;=re fuhska ,nd .;
yelshX
34
ww
w.
wi
po
.i
nt
/s
me
/
Tnf.a fmagkagz ysusldrS;ajh wf,js lsrSugyelso@ fuhg osh yels Rcq ms<s;=r ^Tõ& hkakh fuh
fmagkagz mjrd oSula f,i ye|ska fjzX tu.ska Tnf.a
fmagkagz ysusldrS;ajh ia:sr jYfhkau fjk;a
mqoa.,hl=g mjrd oSu is\qfjzX fuh b;d .eUqrska
yeoErsh hq;= lreKlsX fmagkagz ysusldrS;ajh mjrd
oSu fjkqjg th Ndjs;hg n,m;a ksl=;a lsrSfuka
fmagkagz ysusldrS;ajh j,x.=jk uq¿ ld,h ;=,u
uq,a ysuslreg ysusldr Nd.h ,efnzX ta ksid n,m;a
ksl=;a lsrSu u.ska wdodhula Wmhd .ekSug
wjia:dj ,efnhsX kuq;a mjrd oSulos fmagkagz
NdKaavhg bosrsfhaoS we;sjk ,dNodhs fyda w,dNodhs
nj fkdi,ld tljr tlÕjq uqo,la ,efnhsX kuq;a
tysoS wkd.; ysusldr Nd.h iud.ug fkd,efnhsX
we;euz jsg mjrdoSula jdisodhl jk wjia:d mj;sX
fmagkagz ysusldrS;ajh tljr wf,js l,fyd;a tys
jgskdlu tlajru iud.ug ysus fjhsX tkuz jir
20 l ld,hla mqrd jgskdlfuz jevs ùula
n,dfmdfrd;a;=fjka isàsu wkjYH fjzX ;jo fjk;a
;dÌKhla jsiska fmagkagz ,enq NdKavfha
;dÌKh blaujd hdfuka jk wjOdkuo fuysoS
we;s fkdfjzX Bg wu;rj jHdmdrhla mjrd oSfuzoS
fmagkagz ysusldrS;ajh mejrSu wod, .sjsiqfuz
fldkafoaishla jsh yelshsX
mjrdoSu fyda wf,js lsrSu hk wjia:d folu ;ks
mqoa.,fhl=f.a$wdh;khl wjYHh;d yd m%uqL;d
u; ;SrKh fjzX flfia jqj;a idudkHfhka
mjrdoSula i|yd osrs.ekajSula fkdlrk w;r
fmagkagz whs;sfha ysusldrS;ajh mj;ajd .eksug
fmagkagz ysuslrefjda leue;a;la olaj;sX
Tnf.a fmagkagz ysusldrS;ajh n,m;a u.skawka whg ,nd fokafka flfiao@l,ska we;slr .;a .sjsiqulg wkqj fmagkagz
n,m;% ysushd jsiska ^n,m;% odhlhd& fjk;a
mqoa.,hl=g ^n,m;a ,dNshdg& fmagkagz n,m;%hla
u.ska fmagkagz ysusldrS;ajh" ,nd osu fuysos is\q
fjzX fujeks wjia:dj,os .sjsiqfuz fldkafoais yd
jsIh m:h olajuska mdrAYjhka folla w;r
n,m;% .sjsiqulg tlÕ fjzX
fufia fjk;a mdrAYjhlg fmagkagz .; NdKavh
fj<|m,g yªkajdoSug wjirh ,ndoSu u.ska tys
uq,a ysñlreg wu;r wdodhula Wmhd .ekSug yels
fjzX tfiau fmagkagz ysusldrS;ajh ms<sn|Zj uq,a
ysñlreg we;s mru whs;sh mq¿,a lsrSu fuhska
.uH fjzX
fmagkagz ysusldrS;ajh we;s iud.ug kj
ksIamdokhla lsrSug fyda mj;sk fj<|m, b,a¨u
imqrd,Su fyda fok ,o N+f.da,Sh m%foaYhla
wdjrKh lsrSug fkdyels wjia:djlos n,m;%
ksl=;a lsrSu u.ska jvd mQ¿,a fj<|m,la mqrd ;u
wkil m;=rejd,Sug yels fjzX
n,m;% .sjsiqula ilia lsrSfuzos .kqfokq lsrSfuz
ksmqK;djh yd .sjsiqu ieliSfuz m%jSK;ajh
wjYHh fjzX tnejska .sjsiqu ieliSug n,m;%
jsIfha ksmqK;ajfhka hq;= ;eke;af;l=f.a iyh
,nd .ekSu jeo.;ahX we;euz rgj, rcfha
kshduk wdh;k j, fuu n,m;% .sjsiqu ,shdmosxps
lsrSu wjYHfjzX
35
fmagkagz ysusldrS;ajh i|yd fldmuKysusluz Nd.hla Tn n,dfmdrd;a;=fjzo@n,m;% .kqfokq j,oS idudkHfhka ysuslreg
tljr uqo, ,eîu iy ysusluz Nd.h fjkqfjka
jrska jr .dia;= uqo,a ,eîu isÿfõX n,m;% .;
ksIamdokfha wf,js m%udKh ^tla NdKavhla u;
ysusluz Nd.h& fyda Y=oaO wf,js m%udKh ^Y=oaO
wf,jsh u; ysusluz Nd.h& u; ysusluz Nd.fha
m%udKh ;SrKh fjzX fndfyda jsg n,m;% j,ska
,efnk wdodhu tljr uqo,a ,nd oSu iy ysusluz
Nd.h u; jrska jr fok uqo,a hk fldgia
foflys tl;=jlsX
lrAudka;fha mj;akd m%us;sh wkqj ysusluz Nd.fha
wkqmd;h r|d mj;S’ iEu .sjsiqulau iqjsfYaI
njlska hqla; jk ksid idlpzPd lsrSfuka tlÕ
jsh hq;= jsjsO idOl u; ysusluz Nd. wkqmd;h
;SrKh lsrSu jeo.;ahX fuz fya;=j ksid iud.fuz
m%us;sh hgf;a uq,sl WmfoaYkhla ,nd \qkako
we;euz jsg fuu m%us;Ska wjia:dkql+,j fjkia jsh
yelshX
wkkHjq n,m;% iy wkkH fkdjk n,m;%w;r fjki l=ulao@fmagkagz iu.Z lghq;= lsrSug wjia:dj ,ndfok
n,m;%,dNskaf.a m%udKh u; n,m;% .sjsiquz jrA.
3 ls" tkuz
wkkHjq n,m;%( (Exclusive license) fmagkagz
.; ;dÌKh Ndjs; l, yelafla tla
n,m;%,dNsfhl=g muKsX tfiau fmagkagz
ysuslrego fuh Ndjs; l, fkdyelX
;ks n,m;%h( (Sole license) tla n,m;%
,dNsfhl=g iy fmagkagz whs;slreg fuu
fmagkagz ;dÌKh Ndjs;d l, yelshsX
wkkH fkdjq n,m;%( (Non-exclusive license)
n,m;%,dNSka lsysm fofkl=g yd fmagkagz
whs;slreg fuu fmagkagz ;dÌKh Ndjs;d
l, yelshs
.sjsiqul iuyr whs;sjdislï i|yd wkkHjq
whs;shla o iuyr whs;sjdislï i|yd ;ks yd
wkkH fkdjq whs;shla o wvx.= jsh yelshsX
36
ww
w.
wi
po
.i
nt
/s
me
/
bkaoshdkq cd;sl kj ksmehquzlrejl=jk wdpdrAhus,skavz rdfka jsiska WKqiqu yqjudre lrkWmlrKhka i|yd jk fmagkagz ysusldrS;ajhi|yd uquzndhs kqjr iq¿ yd uOHu mrsudKjHdmdrslhl= iuÕ n,m;% .sjsiqula we;slr.;af;ahX tlÕ;djhg wkqj .sjsiqu w;aika ;nkwjia:dfjz kj ksmehquzlreg uq,a f.jSula is\ql,w;r Y=oaO wf,jsfhka 4X5% ysusluz Nd.hlaof.ùug tlÕ jsh’ tfiau n,m;%,dNshd jsiskafmagkagz wh\quz .dia;= yd kv;a;= .dia;= o oerSh’
fulaisfldafjz cd;sl jsYajjsoHd,hla u.ska
wmjs;% c, l<uKdlrK moaO;shla i|yd
fmagkagz wdrlaIKhla ,nd .;a w;r
jsYajjsoHd,h weiqrskau nsys jQ w;s idrA:l c,
l<uKdlrK wdh;khla jQ IB fgla kï
wdh;kh wkkH fkdjk n,m;% .sjsiqula
we;slr .kakd ,osX
Tnf.a fmagkagz .; ksIamdokh i|yd wkkH(Exclusive) yd wkkH fkdjq (Non Exclusive)n,m;% m%odkh lsrSug yelso@th NdKavh yd iud.fuz jHdmdrsl Wmdh udrA.
u; rod mj;sX WodyrKhla jYfhka Tn
fmagkagz .;l, ;dÌKh wod, lrAudka;h
iïnkaOfhka m%us;s.; l,fyd;a th wod,
fj<|m, ;=, isgsk iEu lrAudka;lrejl=gu
.ekSug isÿ fõX ta wkqj wkkH fkdjq n,m;%
we;slr .eksu jvd;a jdisodhl fjzX huz
ksIamdokhla tla iud.ul w;súYd,
wdfhdackhla hgf;a fj<|m,g yªkajd fok
wjia:djl ^Wod( idhksl w;ayod ne,Suz lsrSug
wjYHh T!IO ksIamdok& tu wod, n,m;%
,dNshdg wksl=;a n,m;% ,dNska iuÕ Z Z
;rÕldrs;ajhg uqyqKoSu wjYH fkdjk ksid
wkkHjq n,m;%hla .eksSu fhda.H fjzX
Tnf.a kj fidhd .ekSug n,m;% .ekSugiq\qiqu ld,h l=ulao@ n,m;% ,nd .ekSug jvd;a iq\qiqu ld,hla .ek
mejiSug fkdyels w;r th wjia:dkql+,j
;SrKh fjzX flfia jqj;a fmagkagz lsrSug jeh jq
uqo, wdjrKh lr .ekSu i|yd iajdëk
jHdmdrslhska fukau kj ksmehquzlrejkao yels
blaukska n,m;% ms<sn| jsurAIKh lsrSu jvd;a
fhda.Hh fjzX fmagkagz m%odkh lrk f;la isgSu
wjYHh fkdfjzX
fuysos jvd;a jeo.;a jkqfha ksjeros ld,h fkdj
fmagkagz .; kj fidhd .ekSu jdKscHhlrKh
lsrSfuka ,dN Wmhd .ekSug iyh jk jvd;a
ksjeros fj<| yjq,alrejka fidhd .ekSuhsX
37
fmagkagz ;lafiare lsrSuhuz iud.ula fmagkagz ;lafiarejla lsrSug
n,mdk tlsfklg fjkia fya;= idOl lsysmhla
;snsh yelsh’ .sKquz lghq;, n,m;% ksl=;=j,
noaOjSuz yd w;am;a lr .ekSu, nqoaOsuh foam,
j;aluz us, oS .ekSu fyda mjrd .ekSu fyda uQ,H
iyk ,enSu hk lreKq fï w;r fjzX fmagkagz
;lafiare lsrSfuz tla l%ufjsohla fkdue;s w;r
my; oelafjk l%u fndfyda jsg Ndjs;d lrhsX
wdodhuz l%uh( fuu l%uh fmagkagz ;lafiare
lsrSu i|yd nyq,j Ndjs;d fjzX fmagkagz
ysuslfï uq¿ wdhqI ld,h ;=, tys ysuslreg
,efnk wdodhu Wml,amkh fldg fuu l%uh
ilid we;X
jshouz l%uh( wNHhka;rj fyda ndysrj ta yd
iudku ksIamdokhla lsrSug jehjk jshou
u; mokuz jS fuu l%uh ilia flfrA'
fj<| m< l%uh( fj<| m< l%uh ;=< l< yels
;==,kd;aul wf,ú .kqfokq j, jákdlu u;
fuu l%uh ilia flfrA'
jsl,am u; mokuz jq l%uh( jsl,am us< kshu
lsrSug fuu l%uh fhdod .efkaX
fmagkagz kshudldrfhka w.h lsrSug Ndckh
l, fkdyels wiSre wjia:d we;X fmagkagz
ysusluzj, we;s jdisodhl ;;ajhka yd wod,
NdKavhg wdfoaYk mej;Su wdos fy;+ka óg
wod, fõX uskquz lsrSug fkdyels idOl fjz’
Tnf.a ;rÕlrejdf.a fmagkagz iuznkaOj TnWkka\qjla olajkafka kuz Tng th Ndjs;hgwjir .; [email protected] jHdmdrsl ;rÕlreg wh;a ;dÌKh"
Tnf.a ksIamdokh fyda ksIamdok ls%hdj,sh i|yd
Ndjs;d lsrSug wjir ,nd .ekSu ieu jsgu myiq
ldrAHhla fkdfjzX flfia jqj;a Tnf.a jHdmdrsl
;rÕlreo Tn i;= fmagkagz iuznkaOj Wkka\qjla
olajhs kuz yqjudre n,m;% l%uh fuysoS fhdod
.; yelshsX fmagkagz ksIamdok ysuslrf.k we;s
jsjsO kj ksIamdok lr we;s ;rÕlrejka
fofokl= fyda jevs m%udKhla isgsk
lrAudka;hkays yqjudre n,m;% l%uh m%p,s;
l%uhlsX fuysos yeu jsgu huz iud.ula ;u
;rÕlref.a fmagkagz whs;sh Ndjs;hg ;udg we;s
whs;sh ;yjqre lrk mrsosu ;udf.a fmagkagz
Ndjs;hg ;u jHdmdrsl ;rÕlreg o wjia:dj
,nd foaX
38
ww
w.
wi
po
.i
nt
/s
me
/
msrslaiquz ,ehsia;= idrdxYhjdKscHhlrKh( fmagkagz .; ksIamdokh
fj<|m,g yªkajd oSug jsjsO jsl,am udrA.
.ek ie,ls,su;a jkakX NdKavh fj<|m,g
yªkajdoSug wjYH kuz idrA:l jHdmdrsl
ie,iaula o we;slr .; hq;= fjzX
n,m;% l%uh( fuysos ysusldrNd.h yd
n,m;% .sjsiquzj, fjk;a jeo.;a wxY ms<sn|Z
wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;= jk w;r .sjsiquz
ieliSug yd .kqfokq idlpzPd lsrSug
jsfYaI{hl=f.a iyh ,nd .ekSu jvd;a
fhda.Hh fjzX
wkkH yd wkkH fkdjk n,m;%( wkkH yd
wkkH fkdjk n,m;% m%odkh i|yd fya;= jk
idOl ms<sn| ie,ls,su;a jkakX jsfYaIfhkau
Tnf.a NdKavfha ;dÌKh yd Tnf.a
jHdmdrfha jHdmdrsl Wmdh udrA. fuysos
jeo.;a fjzX
yqjudre n,m;%( fuysos Tnf.a fmagkagz
Ndjs;d lruska wka mdrAYjhl fmagkagz.;
;dÌKhka Ndjs;hg Tng yelshdj we;so
hkak ms<sn| wjOdkh fhduq flfrA’
39
5 fmagkagz whs;sh n,d;aul lsrSu
Tn fmagkagz whs;ska n,d;aul l, hq;af;awehs@kj NdKavhla fj<|m,g yªkajdoSfuka miqj th
fj<|mf,a idrA:l f,i wf,js jqjdhehs is;uqX
tjka wjia:djlsos ;rÕlrejkao b;d blaukska
fyda miqj tu NdKavhu fyda ta yd iudk wx.
j,ska hq;= NdKavhla fj<|m<g yªkajd oSuo
is\qlrhsX we;euz jsgos ;rÕlrejka fj<|m,g
msjsisfuz yelshdj, wvq us<g wuqøjH .ekSfuz
yelshdj, wdrA:Sluh yelshdj w;ska uq,a
wdh;khg jvd jdisodhl ;;ajhl isáh yelshsX
ta wkqj Tyqg ta yd iudk ;rÕldrS NdKavhla
fj<|m,g yªkajdoSu jvd;a myiqh fjsX fuu
;;ajh uq,a wdh;kh u; oevs mSvkhla we;s lrk
w;r jsfYaIfhkau kj ksmehqu ioZyd fyda
oshqKql, NdKavh i|yd mrAfhaIK yd ixjrAOk
wdfhdackhla lr we;s jsgos fuh jvd;a W.%
;;ajhla fmkajhsX
uq,a ysuslreg fmagkagz u.ska ,eî we;s wkkHjq
whs;sh u.ska" fjk;a jHdmdrsl ;rÕlrefjl=
jsiska fmagkagz.; NdKavh ksIamdok fyda
ksIamdok ls%hdj,sh Ndjs;d lsrSfuka wdrÌd lsrSu
fyda je,elajSu i|yd whs;sh ,efnhsX fujeks
W,a,x>Khla is\qlr we;s njg fok ,o ysusluz
hgf;a idOkh lr fmkajsh hq;=fjzX tfiau
fmagkagz .; ksIamdokh wkjirfhka Ndjs;d
lsrSu ksid uq,a ysuslreg fj<| jdish, fj<|m,
fldgi yd ,dN mj;ajd .ekSug Tng fkdyels jq
jsg fmagkagz n,d;aul lsrSug yelshdj we;X
fmagkagz whs;sh n,d;aul lsrSfuz whs;shwe;af;a ldgo@fmagkagz ysuslre jsiska fmagkagz W,a,x>Kh lsrSu
iuznkaOj wjOdkfhka isgSu iy thg jsreoaOj
mshjr .ekSu l, hq;=hsX tfiau fmagkagz ysuslre
jsiska ;u ksuejqu fj<|m, ;=,oS Ndjs;d jk
wdldrh” huz fmagkagz W,a,x>Khla is\qfjzo hkak
fukau tfia jkafka kuz thg ljr wdldrfhka"
floskl mshjr .kakjdo hk ;SrK .ek j.lsh
hq;= fjzX jHdmdrslhska fuu j.lSu ^fyda tys
fldgila& wkkHjq n,m;%,dNshl= fj; mejrSug
we;euz jsg ;SrKh lrkq we;X
foaYSh fyda jsfoaYSh fj<|m, ;=,os l=uk fyda
wdldrhl whs;sjdislï W,a,x>Kh lsrSulg
tfrysj fmagkagz n,d;aul lsrSug mshjr .ekSug
fmr fmagkagz kS;s{jrfhl=f.a iyh ,nd .ekSu
jvd;a iq\qiqfjzX fuz iuznkaOj we;s jshouz yd
wjodku yd iq\qiqu Wmdh udrA.h ms<sn|j
fmagkagz kS;s{jrhd jsiska Tng Wmfoia ,nd fokq
we;X
Tnf.a wkque;shlska f;drj" Tnf.a fmagkagzfjk;a mdrAYjhla jsiska Ndjs;d lrhs kuz Tnl, hq;af;a l=ulao@ Tnf.a wkque;sfhka f;drj" Tnf.a fmagkagz fjk;a
mdrAYjhla jsiska W,a,x>Kh lrk nj Tn
oek.;a jsgoS .; hq;= m<uq mshjr jkafka
W,a,x>Kh lrk mdrAYjh yd thg wod,
ksIamdokh yd ksIamdok l%shdj,sh iuznkaO ish¿
f;dr;=re talrdYs lr .ekSuhsX Tn .; hq;=
mshjr l=ulao yd th .; hq;= iq\qiq ld,ho fuysoS
;SrKh l, hq;= fjzX tfiau yeu jsgu fmagkagz
kS;s{fhl= iyh ,nd .ekSu jeo.;a fjzX we;euz
wjia:dj,oS huz iud.ul jHdmdrsl lghq;= ksid
fmagkagz ysus iud.fuz whs;Ska W,a,x>Kh jk
wjia:djlos fmagkagz ysus iud.u wod, iud.ug
fuz nj ,smshlska oekquz fokq ,efnzX ^fmd\qfõ fuu
,smsh w;aysgqjSfuz fyda j,lajd,sfuz ,smsh f,i
ye|skafjzX& fuu l%uh fpz;kdkajs;j fkdjk
W,a,x>K wjia:djla i|yd fhda.Hh fjzX we;euz
jsg fuz u.ska wfkl=;a mdrAYjh W,a,x>Kh kj;d
oeuSu fyda n,m;% .sjsiqula i|yd tl.jSu is\qjsh
yelshsX
we;euz jsg W,a,x>Kh lrk ia:dkhg yosisfhau
meusK fuz nj oekquz oSu jvd;a fhda.Hh l%uhlsX
tkuz tysos W,a,x>Kh is\qlrk iud.ug huz
idÌs jskdY lsrSug ke;skuz ie.jSug fuysos
wjldYhla fkd,efnk nejsksX fujeks wjia:dj,os
fmagkagz W,a,x>Kh lrk iud.ug oekquz oSula
fkdlr Rcqju Widjsfha iyh ,nd .; yelshsX
tkuz fmd,Sisfha iyh we;sjo jeg,sula is\qlr
Widjsh udrA.fhka ;djld,sl ;ykuz ksfhda.hla
mekjsh yelshsX we;euz jsg fuys m%:sm,hla f,i
Widjsh fmagkagz W,a,x>Kh lrk iud.fuz
ls%hdldrluz kj;ajd,sug Wmfoia fokq we;X ^jir
.Kkla fyda udi .Kkla jsh yelshX&
isjs,a kvq jsOdk l%uh huz iud.ula jsiska f;dard
.;fyd;a tysos Widjsh u.ska whs;sh W,a,x>Khjq
;eke;a;dg jsjsO isjs,a m%;slrAu rdYshla ,nd fohsX
tfiau fmagkagz kS;s{jrhdo wod, f;dr;=re
,ndfokq we;X
fmagkagz W,a,x>Kh lrk NdKav rg ;=,g
wdkhkh lsrSu je,elajsug we;euz rgj, cd;sl
frA.= wOsldrska yryd mshjr f.k we;X flfia
jqj;a fndfyda rgj,ays foaYiSud j,os jHdc fj<|
iy;sl iys; NdKav iy jHdc ysusluz wejreKq
NdKav ms<sn| ie,ls,su;a fjzX
fmd\qfjz mjikjd kuz Tn huz fmgkagz W,a,x>Kh
lsrSula yªkd .ekSu i|yd jD;a;suh ugzgfuz kS;s
WmfoaYhla ,nd .ekSu jvd;a iq\qiq fjzX
40
ww
w.
wi
po
.i
nt
/s
me
/
fmagkagz W,a,x>Kh lsrSula Widjs fkdjkudrAhlska jsi|d .kakd l%u fudkjdo@n,m;%,dNS iud.ula u.ska whs;sjdislï
W,a,x>Kh ùula iuznkaOj .eg¿ldrs ;;ajhka
we;sjqjfyd;a m<uqj .;hq;= mshjr jkafka .sjsiqu
;=, ^n,m;% .sjsiquz& fnzreuzlrKh fyda
ueosy;alrKh iuznkaO j.ka;s we;=,;a lr
we;soehs fidhd ne,SuhsX tfiau osrA> ld,hla yd
wOsl uqo,la jehjk kS;s ls%hdudrA. fj; fhduq
jkjdg jvd .sjsiqulg fnzreuzlrKh fyda
ueosy;alrKh iuznkaO j.ka;s we;=,;a lsrSu
fhda.Hh fjzX .eg¿ ksrdlrKh lsrSfuz jsl,am
l%uhla f,i fnzreuzlrKh fyda ueosy;alrKh
fhdod .ekSu iq\qiq jk w;r fomdrAYjhka tlÕ
Zkuz .sjsiqug fuu lreKq$j.ka;s we;=,;a
fkdjqko .sjsiqula fkdue;s jqjo fuh .eg¿
ksrdlrK l%uhla f,i Ndjs;d l, yel’
Widjs l%shdudrA. yd ii|k jsg fnzreuzlrKh
myiq yd flgs ls%hdudrA.hls’ tfiau wka;rAcd;sl
ugzgfuz oS fnsreuzlrKfhaos ,nd fok ;Ska¥ n,
.ekajSu jvd;a myiq lghq;a;lsX .eg¿
ksrdlrKh lsrSfuz mgsmdgsfha md,kh wod,
mdrAYjhka jsiska is\qlsrSu ueosy;alrKfha we;s
jdisodhl ;;aajhlsX thska huz iud.ula ;j;a
iud.ula iuÕ bosrsfhaoS jHdmdrsl iuznkaO;d
we;slr .ekSug n,dfmdfrd;a;=fjz kuz tjeks
iuznkaO;djhlg fuu.ska myiqluz i,ihsX
.eg¿ ksrdlrKh lsrSfuz jsl,am udrA. ms<sn|
fiajh nqoaOsuh foam, ms<n| f,dal ixjsOdkfha
(WIPO) fnsreuzlrK yd ueosy;alrK
uOHia:dkh fj;ska ,nd .; yel’ fnzreuzlrKh
yd ueosy;alrKh iuznkaOj jevs\qr f;dr;=re
arbiter.wipo.int/center/index.html fj;ska ,nd .;
yelshsX 41
msrslaiquz ,ehsia;= idrdxYhyeujsgu mrSÌdldrsjkakX yels iEu
wjia:djloSu ;rÕldrs;ajh kSrsÌKh
lruska huz W,a,x>Kh lsrSula is\qfjzo hkak
.ek mrSÌdldrsjkakX
Wmfoia ,nd.kakX Tnf.a fmagkagz n,d;aul
lsrSug fmr yeujsgu fmagkagz iuznkaO
kS;s{jrhl=f.a Wmfoia ,nd .kakX fuysoS
Tn .kakd TzkEu mshjrla u.ska kS;sh ,nd
fok wjidk jsi\qug n,mEula fjzX
.eg:Z ksrdlrKh lsrSfuz jsl,am udrA.X yels
iEu jsgu Widjs fkdjk jsl,am jsi\quz udrA.
fj;ska .eg¿ ksrdlrKh lsrSug fhduq jkakX
“Wod:n,m;% .sjsiquz j,os fnzreuzlrKh yd
ueosy;alrK l%ufjzohkaX
fmagkagz wxl GN2266045 tlai;a rdcOdksfha kj ksmejquzlrefjl= ydjHdmdrsmfhla jk uekavs yeuznuka jsiska mdkShn\qkla wdYs%;j kj ksmejqula l, w;r thg1992 os fmagkagz iy;slh ,nd ¥ksX fjk;a;rÕlrejl= jsiska Tyqf.a fmagkagz whs;sh lvl, jsgoS uekavs jsiska Widjs l%shdudrA.hlgwj;SrAK fkdjS ;ykuz ksfhda.hla ,nd .ksuska;u fmagkagz whs;sh ;yjqre lr.kakd ,oSX
42
ww
w.
wi
po
.i
nt
/s
me
/
weuqKqu z wxl I - m%fhd ackj;a fjnz wvjs lsy smhla
jevs jsia;r my; olajd we;s fjnz wvjs fj;ska ,nd .kakX
• jHdmdr øDIags fldaKfhka nqoaOsuh foam, iuznkaO .eg¿
www.wipo.int/sme
• fmagkagz ms<sn| fmd¥ lreKqq
www.wipo.int/patent/en/index.html
• fmagkagz wh\quzm;la f.dkq lsrSu ms<snoZ m%dfhda.sl jsia;r" weuqKquz wxl II ys we;=,;a cd;sl yd
l,dmsh fmagkagz ldrAHhd,j, fjnz wvjs ,ehsia;=j n,kak ke;skï my; fjnz wvjshg
msjsfikak’
www.wipo.int/news/links/ipo
• fmagkagz iyfhdaa.s;d .sjsiqu
www.wipo.int/pct/en/index.html
• cd;Hka;r fmagkagz j._lrKh
www.wipo.int/classifications/ipc/en
• fnzreuzlrKh yd ueosy;alrKh]
arbiter.wipo.int/center/index.html
• wka;rAcd, yryd ,nd.; yels cd;sl yd l,dmSh fmagkagz ldrAHhd,j, o;a; .nvdj
www.wipo.int/ipdl/en/resources/links.jsp
• nqoaOsuh foam, whs;sh n,d;aul lsrSu
www.wipo.int/enforcement
• WIPO mrsmd,kuh .sjsiquz ys idudcsl;ajh
www.wipo.int/treaties/en/index.jsp
weuqKqu z wxl II- wka;rAcd, ,sm skhka
cd;sl yd l,dmSh fmagkagz ldrAHhd,
nqoaOsuh foam, ms<sn|Z wm%sldkq ixjsOdkh (OAPI) www.oapi.wipo.net
wms%ldkq l<dmsh nqoaêuh foam< ixúOdkh (ARIPO) www.aripo.org
we,acSrshdj www.inapi.org
wekafvdard www.ompa.ad
wdrAckagskdj www.inpi.gov.ar
wdrAfuzkshdj www.armpatent.org
Tiag%shdj www.patentamt.at
Tziafg%s,shdj www.ipaustralia.gov.au
ndrAnfvdaih www.caipo.gov.bb
fn,Sish www.belipo.bz
fn,acshu www.european-patent-
office.org/patlib/country/belgium
fnd,súhdj www.senapi.gov.bo
n%iS,h www.inpi.gov.br
n,af.arshdj www.bpo.bg
lekvdj www.cipo.gc.ca
pSkh www.sipo.gov.cn
pSkh( fydxfldx (SAR) www.info.gov.hk/ipd
pSkh ueflda (SAR) www.economia.gov.mo
ps,S www.dpi.cl
fldf,duznshdj www.sic.gov.co
fldiafgdarsldj www.registronacional.go.cr
fl%dtaIshdj www.dziv.hr
lshqndj www.ocpi.cu
fpla rsnla,sla www.upv.cz
fvkaudrAlh www.dkpto.dk
fvduskshka rsmnz,sla www.seic.gov.do/onapi
Bcsma;=j www.egypo.gov.eg
t,a ie,ajfodarh www.cnr.gob.sv
43
44
ww
w.
wi
po
.i
nt
/s
me
/
tiafgdakshdj www.epa.ee
hqfrAIshka fmagkagz ldrAHhd,h www.eapo.org
hqfrdamd fmagkagz ldrAHhd,h www.epo.org
*ska,ka;h www.prh.fi
m%xYh www.inpi.fr
fcdrAcshdj www.sakpatenti.org.ge
crAuksh www.dpma.de
.S%ish www.gge.gr
.,a*a iyfhda.s;d ljqkais,h www.gulf-patent-office.org.sa
yxf.arshdj www.hpo.hu
whsia,ka;h www.els.stjr.is
bkaoshdj www.patentoffice.nic.in
bka¥kSishdj www.dgip.go.id
whrA,ka;h www.patentsoffice.ie
BY%dh,h www.justice.gov.il
b;d,sh www.minindustria.it
cefuhsldj www.jipo.gob.jm
cmdkh www.jpo.go.jp
fcdarAodkh www.mit.gov.jo
lilia:dkh www.kazpatent.kz
flkahdj www.kipo.ke.wipo.net
lsrA.sia:dkh www.krygyzpatent.kg
,dTz uyck m%cd;ka;%jdos ckrch www.stea.la.wipo.net
,egsjshdj www.lrpv.lv
,s;=fjzkshdj www.vpb.lt
,laiusnrA.a www.eco.public.lu
uef,aishdj www.mipc.gov.my
uelaisfldaj www.impi.gob.mx
fudkdflda www.european-patent-office.org/
patlib/country/monaco
fudfrdlafldaj www.ompic.org.ma
fkorA,ka;h www.bie.minez.nl
fkamd,h www.ip.np.wipo.net
45
kjiS,ka;h www.iponz.govt.nz
fkdarAfõ www.patentstyret.no
mekudj www.mici.gob.pa/comintf.html
fmare www.indecopi.gob.pe
ms,smSkh www.ipophil.gov.ph
fmda,ka;h www.uprp.pl
mD;=.d,h www.inpi.pt
fldxf.daj www.anpi.cg.wipo.net
fldrshdkq ckrch www.kipo.go.kr
ueisfvdakshdj www.ippo.gov.mk
fud,afvdajd ckrch www.agepi.md
rEfuzkshdj www.osim.ro
reishdkq f*vfrAIkh www.rupto.ru
irAnshd yd fudkafgf.frda www.yupat.sv.gov.yu
isx.mamqrej www.ipos.gov.sg
iaf,djela ckrch www.indprop.gov.sk
iaf,dafjzkshdj www.sipo.mzt.si
iamd[[h www.oepm.es
iajSvkh www.prv.se
iajsiagrA,ka;h www.ige.ch
gclsia:dkh www.tjpat.org
;dhs,ka;h www.ipthailand.org
;=rAlsh www.turkpatent.gov.tr
gshqkSishdj www.inorpi.ind.tn
hqlafrAkh www.ukrpatent.org
tlai;a rdcOdksh www.patent.gov.uk
weursld tlai;a ckrch www.uspto.gov
Wre.+fjz http://dnpi.gub.uy
Wiafnlsia:dkh www.patent.uz
fjksishq,dj www.sapi.gov.ve
jeo.;a(
jvd;a jeo.;a kj;u f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSug my; oelafjk fjnz wvjshg msjsfikakX
www.wipo.int/directory/en/urls.jsp
weuqKqu wxl III fmagkagz iyfhda.s;d .sjsiqug iuznkaO rdcHhka (PCT)(2005 ckjdrs 01)
we,afnzkshdj
we,acsrShdj
wekags.=j iy nrAnqvd
wdrAfuzkshdj
Tziafg%s,shdj
Tiag%shdj
wihsrAnhscdkh
ndrAnfvdih
fn,drEia
fn,acshu
fn,sia
fn,slaia
fnkska
fndiakshdj yd yrAif.dajkdj
fndigzjdkdj
n%iS,h
n,af.arshdj
nqrAlsfkda *dfida
leureka
lekvdj
uOHu wms%ldkq ckrch
pevz
pSkh
fldf,duznshdj
fldfudfrdia ^2005 wfm%a,a 3 isg&
fldxf.daj
fldiafgdarsldj
fldatagz vS whsjrs
fl%dtaIshdj
lshqndj
ihsm%ih
fpla rsmnz,sla
46
ww
w.
wi
po
.i
nt
/s
me
/
fldrshdkq uyck iuqydKavqj
fvkaudrAlh
fvdusksld
blajfodrAh
Bcsma;=j
blafgdarsh,a .sks
tiafldakshdj
*ska,ka;h
m%xYh
.efndka
.euznshdj
fcdrAacshdj
crAuksh
>dkdj
.S%ish
f.frkavd
.skSs
.skS nsijz
yxf.arshdj
whsia,ka;h
bkaoshdj
bkaoqksishdj
whrA,ka;h
BY%dh,h
b;d,sh
cmdkh
lilsia;dkh
flkahdj
l%srA.sia:dkh
,egsjshdj
f,if;da
47
,hsfnzrshdj
,spzfgkaiagska
,s;=fjzkshdj
,laiausnrA.a
uev.ialrh
u,djs
ud,s
ujqrsfgzkshdj
uelaisfldaj
fudkdflda
fudkaf.da,shdj
fudfrdlafldaj
fudieuznshdj
keusnshdj
fkorA,ka;h
kjiS,ka;h
kslr.=jdj
khscsrshdj ^2005 uehs 8 isg&
khscrA
fkdarAfõ
Tzudkh
memqjd ksjz .sks
ms,smSkh
fmda,ka;h
mD;=.d,h
fldrshdkq ckrch
fuda,afvdajd ckrch
refuzkshdj
reishdkq f*vfrAIkh
fikagz ,qishd
fikagz jskaikagz iy f.%skvsia
ieka urSkd
jeo.;a(
fuz iuznkaOj jvd;a jeo.;a kj;u f;dr;=re ,nd
.ekSug my; oelafjk fjnz wvjshg msjsfikak :www.wipo.int/pct
fik.,a
irAnshdj iy fudkafgfrf.da
Is fI,aia
isrshd ,sfhdka
iaf,dafjzlsshdj
iaf,dafjzkshdj
ol=Kq wm%sldj
iamd[a[h]
Y%s ,xldj
iqvdkh
iajdis,ka;h
iajSvkh
iajsiagrA,ka;h
isrshdkq wrdnz ckrch
gclsia:dkh
tlai;a s
hqf.daiaf,dajshdkq ckrch iy ueisfvdakshdj
fgdaf.da
g%ssksvevz iy fgdnef.da
gshqksishdj
;=rAlsh
;rAlafukai:dkh
W.ekavdj
hqlafrAkshdj
tlai;a wrdns tusfarAgzia
tlai;a rdcOdksh
tlai;a gekaidkshd ckrch
weursld tlai;a rdcOdksh
Wiafnlsia;dkh
jshgzkduh
ieuznshdj
isuzndífjz
nqoaêuh foam, ms<sn| f,dal ixúOdkh (WIPO) úiska ksl=;a lrkq ,en
we;s jHdmdr i|yd nqoaêuh foam, ms<sn| ish¿Zu m%ldYk
www.wipo.int/sme/en/ hk fjí wvjsfhka o
iq¿ yd uOHu mrsudK jHjidh wxYfha úoHq;a iÕrdj
www.wipo.int/sme/en/documents/wipo_sme_newsletter.html hk fjí
wvúfhka o lsisÿ wh lsrSulska f;drj ,nd .; yelsh’
Barb
ara
Hin
term
ann
Gen
eva
User Guide
WIPO Publication No. 917 SK/SI (Sinhala) ISBN 978-92-805-2057-6
m%:u uqøKh
fyda tys iq¿Z yd uOH mrsudK jHjidhwxYh
,smskh(
fkd( 34" fjñka fvia fldf,dïfnÜia
;eXfmX 18
iSs tpz-1211 cskSjd 20
iaúÜirA,ka;h
*elaia:
+41 22 338 87 60
jsoaHq;a ;emE,([email protected]
fjí wvúh(w w w.wipo.int/sme
jeä \qr úia;r i|yd
,smskh :nqoaêuh foam, ms<sn| f,`l ixúOdkhfkd( 34" fjñka fvia fldf,dïfngzia;eXfmX 18iSs tpz-1211 cskSjd 20iajsÜirA,ka;hX
\qrl:k(¤41 22 338 91 11
*elaia (¤41 22 733 54 28
úoaHq;a ;emE,([email protected]
ksõfhdala ys msysgs iïnkaëlrKh lsrSfuz ldrAhd,h
,smskh(2" hqkhsgvz fkaIka ma,didIqhsÜ 2525ksõfhdala" tka jhs 10017weursld tlai;a ckmoh
\qrl:k(¤1 212 963 6813
*elaia (¤1 212 963 4801
jsoaHq;a ;emE,([email protected]
isxy, mrsj¾;kh ms<sn| jevs\qr f;dr;=re fyda weKjqï lsrSu i|ydiq¿ yd uOH mrsudK jHjidh ixjrAOk jHdmD;shfkd’ 53” fjdlafIda,a mgqu.fld<U 02Y%S ,xldj
\qrl:k(¤94 11 230 4287-9
*elaia (¤94 11 230 4291
jsoaHq;a ;emE,([email protected]