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ElijahJ.Talamas,ARSUSDA.
InvasiveInsectTsunami:ManagingBrownMarmoratedStinkBuginNYSOrchards
Dana Acimovic Art Agnello Tessa Grasswitz Lydia Brown Peter Jentsch CALS – HVRL CALS - NYSAES CCE-LOFT CALS – HVRL CALS - HVRL
Photograph:ChristopherHedstromUSDA-APHISQuarantineFacility,
Corvallis,Oregon
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
2019ENYCHPWinterFruitSchoolsDesmondHotel&ConfCtr,Albany,NY
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BiologicalControloftheBrownMarmoratedStinkBug,Halyomorphahalys(Stål)InNYState.BrownMarmoratedStinkBug
Management
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
• BMSBEcology&Biology
• Monitoring/Scouting
• StinkBugInjuryDiagnostics
• InsecticideEfficacyStudies
• BiologicalControl
• Novel/InnovationMgt.Research
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StinkBugBiology
• Large ‘Shield’ bug body form (3.5 cm)
• Proboscis (moutparts) shielded prior to insertion into fruit
• Body held above the surface of foliage and fruit
• Tarsi hold insect on small segments onto smooth surfaces
• Limited exposure to residual insecticides
HudsonValleyStinkBugComplex(Pentatomidae)SpeciesOfEconomicImportance
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
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Brown Stink Bug, Euschistus servus (Say)• Native to North America• Feeds on broad leaf plant & seed (Mullen, Dock,
Plantain)• Moves to apple borders during periods of drought• Pyrethroids, Pre-mix Neonic + Pyrethroid
Green Stink Bug, Acrosternum hilare (Say).• Native to North America• Arborial dwelling, feed on seed, stems and foliage• Moves to apple borders during periods of drought
Brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål)• Newly invasive in North America• Arborial dwelling, feed on seed, stems and foliage• Moves to apple borders during periods of high
population, drought
GaryBernonUSDA-APHIS
P. Jentsch - Cornell
HudsonValleyStinkBugComplex(Pentatomidae)SpeciesOfEconomicImportance
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Brown Stink Bug, Euschistus servus (Say)
Green Stink Bug, Acrosternum hilare (Say).
Brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål)
GTTCP BloomPF1C2C3C4C5C6C7C8C
GTTCP BloomPF1C2C3C4C5C6C7C8C
GTTCP BloomPF1C2C3C4C5C6C7C8C
GaryBernonUSDA-APHIS
P. Jentsch - Cornell
Adult Stink bug damage
Adult & Nymph Stink bug damageAdult SB Presence
Adult Stink bug damage
Hudson Valley Stink Bug Complex Species Of Economic Importance
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CitizenScienceProjectParticipation(Homeowners)BMSBhasbeendetectedinallbut6of62countiesinNYS
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BMSB:
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
Overwinteringhabitat
• Asmallpercentofthepopulationwillaggregateinbuildingswheretemperatureextremesallowforsurvivalinnorthernclimates,potentiallycreatinglocalizedclusterpointsforAg.infestations.
• ThemajorityofBMSBresideinthewoodlandhabitat
(StandingDeadOak(Quercusspp.),Locust(Robiniaspp.)Lee,Doo-Hyungetal.2014)
• Inwoodlandhabitat,temperaturesbelow-18oCor-0.4oFwillkill90%ofthepopulation(Kuhar,T.2016)
FactorsforBMSBSuccess:Overwintering
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TheBrownMarmoratedStinkBugintheAg.&UrbanEnvironment
Detectedin44statesand4Canadianprovinces
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
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FactorsforBMSBSuccess:#ofGenerations
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
• Sunlight/Daylength(BMSBadultmating)
o 13.5hdaylengthformatingandegglayingtobegin
o Geneva,NY April29th–Aug13th
o HVRLHighland May1st–Aug.11th
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BMSB:GenerationalIntervals
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
• DegreeDayAccumulations
o Itrequires538degreedays(DD–based50ºF)todevelopfromeggtoadult.
o Anadditional148DDarerequiredforfemalematurationat77ºF.
o Totalof686DD50for1generation;
o 1224DD50fora2ndcompletetheadultOWpopulation
FactorsforBMSBSuccess:#ofGenerations
GTTCP BloomPF1C2C3C4C5C6C7C8C
OW Adult Emergence 1st Egg 1st Gen. Adult 2nd G. Egg 2nd Gen. Adult
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BiologicalControloftheBrownMarmoratedStinkBug,Halyomorphahalys(Stål)InNYState.BrownMarmoratedStinkBug
Management
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
• BMSBEcology&Biology
• Monitoring/Scouting
• StinkBugInjuryDiagnostics
• InsecticideEfficacyStudies
• BiologicalControl
• Novel/InnovationMgt.Research
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State-wide Trap Monitoring of BMSB in NY USDA #10 Lure & MDT Using Tedders Traps
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
VentedtrapcontainerholdingduellureKillingstripofVapona;bungicordstrapsPyrimidblackbasetomimmictreetrunkScreenedbasetoreduceweedsandprovidecontrastforcrawlingSBPlacedalongdecidiouswoodland/orchardedge
AgBio-inc.comTrap,lures,killstrip
TreatmentThreshold:10adults/trap/week
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Green&BrownMarmoratedStinkBug:Monitoring
StickyCardTrap*duelpheromone
AtKTrap(Vestegaard)*duelpheromone*deltamethrin-Incorporatednet
Threshold:10adults/trap/week
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
TeddersTrap*duelpheromone
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Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
Green&BrownMarmoratedStinkBug:Monitoring
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Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
Green&BrownMarmoratedStinkBug:Monitoring
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BiologicalControloftheBrownMarmoratedStinkBug,Halyomorphahalys(Stål)InNYState.BrownMarmoratedStinkBug
Management
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
• BMSBEcology&Biology
• Monitoring/Scouting
• StinkBugInjuryDiagnostics
• InsecticideEfficacyStudies
• BiologicalControl
• Novel/InnovationMgt.Research
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BMSB:DefiningInjuryStinkBug,Hail,BitterPit,Maggot
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
StinkBug:
• Discolored
shallow
depression
• Corkingto
skinsurface
• Feeding
puncture
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BMSB:DefiningInjuryStinkBug,Hail,BitterPit,Maggot
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
Hailinjury:
• Discolored
shallow
depression
• Corkingto
skinsurface
• Nofeeding
puncture
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BMSB:DefiningInjuryStinkBug,Hail,BitterPit,Maggot
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
BitterPit:
• Discolored
shallow
depression
• Corkingnot
toskin
surface
• Nofeeding
punctureJonagold
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BMSB:DefiningInjuryStinkBug,Hail,BitterPit,Maggot
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
AppleMaggot:
• Sting
Depression
• Noskin
Discoloration
• Nocorking
• Oxidized
tunnelingor
trails
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BiologicalControloftheBrownMarmoratedStinkBug,Halyomorphahalys(Stål)InNYState.BrownMarmoratedStinkBug
Management
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
• BMSBEcology&Biology
• Monitoring/Scouting
• StinkBugInjuryDiagnostics
• InsecticideEfficacyBiologicalControl
• Novel/InnovationMgt.Research
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InsecticideUse
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
ManagementOptions
β-cyfluthrin
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Early Mid LateAugust
Blondee BlondeeSansa Paulared
TydemanZestar
SeptemberAutmnCrisp AutmnCrisp AmbrosiaBlondee Cortland AutmnCrispGala Empire BraeburnGingerGold Honeycrisp GoldenDelicious
GoldenSupreme Macoun JonagoldGreening Shamrock Mutsu/CrispinJonamac SnowSweet PinovaMcIntosh Tydeman RedDeliciousTwentyOunce RubyFrost™Tydeman RubyJon
SnapDragon™SnowSweet
OctoberBraeburn Braeburn BraeburnCameo Cameo CameoFortune Fuji FujiIdared GrannySmith GrannySmithNorthernSpy RubyFrost™ SpigoldRome Shizuka SuncrispRubyFrost™ SpigoldShizuka SuncrispSnapDragon™SnowSweet
November PinkLady
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
NYBMSBManagementOptionsWHOLEORCHARDapplicationearly-midAugustTrapThreshold+observationEgglayinginorchardpossible14-7dPHI
2-4applicationsbeginninginearlyAugustPerimeterRowapplications35-7dPHI
5-8applicationsbeginninginearlyAugustPerimeterRowapplications35-7dPHI
>6applicationsbeginninginearlyAugustPerimeterRowapplications35-7dPHI
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Early Mid LateAugust
Blondee BlondeeSansa Paulared
TydemanZestar
SeptemberAutmnCrisp AutmnCrisp AmbrosiaBlondee Cortland AutmnCrispGala Empire BraeburnGingerGold Honeycrisp GoldenDelicious
GoldenSupreme Macoun JonagoldGreening Shamrock Mutsu/CrispinJonamac SnowSweet PinovaMcIntosh Tydeman RedDeliciousTwentyOunce RubyFrost™Tydeman RubyJon
SnapDragon™SnowSweet
OctoberBraeburn Braeburn BraeburnCameo Cameo CameoFortune Fuji FujiIdared GrannySmith GrannySmithNorthernSpy RubyFrost™ SpigoldRome Shizuka SuncrispRubyFrost™ SpigoldShizuka SuncrispSnapDragon™SnowSweet
November PinkLady
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
NYBMSBManagementOptions
HighVolumeofFruitLowInjuryLevel
LowVolumeofFruitHighFruitInjuryLevels
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Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
NYManagementOptions
Early-midAugust• SingleApplication(Thiamethoxam)• NYStotal11.0oz./AofActaraWDG• 35DTH
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Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
Mid-lateAugust• 5-10dapplicationschedule• 21DTH
NYManagementOptions
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Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
LateAugust-EarlySeptember• 5-10dapplicationschedule• Bifenthrin(30dRe-application)• 14DTH
NYManagementOptions
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Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
Mid-September• 5-10dapplicationschedule• 7DTH
NYManagementOptions
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BiologicalControloftheBrownMarmoratedStinkBug,Halyomorphahalys(Stål)InNYState.BrownMarmoratedStinkBug
Management
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
• AspectsofBMSBEcology&Biology
• AgriculturalMonitoring/Scouting
• DefiningStinkBugInjury
• DirectedApplications&Efficacy
• Novel/Innovation(Research)
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Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
AttractandKillNettinginOrchardDuelPheromone+Insecticide
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Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
AttractandKillNettinginOrchardDuelPheromone+Insecticide
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0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
AxisTitle
CombinedSeasonalTrapCapturesUsingPheromoneandPheromone+Light
Studies of the Brown Marmorated Stink Bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål), in New York State 2016
(September–15October:TotalBMSB=12,894
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Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
MonitoringtheStinkBugComplexUsingFreeStandingSolarLEDATK+Phermone
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Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
IncludingSolarLEDauto-onwithATK/pher.increasesBMSBcaptures
Attract&KilloftheStinkBugComplexToReduceBMSBPopulationsAlongtheOrchardEdge
2274
11291025
BMSBTrapCaptures/Trap/Da
y
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BMSBTrapCaptures/Trap/Da
y
TrapPlacementATKLEDATKTeddersPanel TrapThreshold
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RedistributionofSamuraiWasp,Trissolcusjaponicus(Ashmead)InNYS
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
• Samuraiwasp,Trissolcusjaponicus,isan
eggparasitoidoftheBMSB
• Lays1eggintoeachBMSBegg
• WasplarvafeedonBMSBnymph
• AdultwaspemergesfromBMSBeggs
• Canhave5generations/year
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RedistributionofSamuraiWasp,Trissolcusjaponicus(Ashmead)InNYS
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
• Samuraiwasp,Trissolcusjaponicus,isan
eggparasitoidoftheBMSB
• Lays1eggintoeachBMSBegg
• WasplarvafeedonBMSBnymph
• AdultwaspemergesfromBMSBeggs
• Canhave5generations/yearLivealongthewoodededgeofAg.
ResidesinBMSBdeciduoustreehosts
Limitedexposiuretoinsecticides
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BiologicalControloftheBrownMarmoratedStinkBug,Halyomorphahalys(Stål)InNYState.
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
2mmTrissolcusjaponicus
IntroductiontoTrissolcusjaponicus(SamuraiWasp)ForBMSBManagement?
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• In2014adventivepopulations(wild)ofT.japonicuswerefoundinBeltsville,MDusingsentinelBMSBeggs
(TalamasEJ,HerlihyMV,DieckhoffC,HoelmerKA,BuffingtonML,BonM-C,WeberDC(2015)Trissolcusjaponicus(Ashmead)emergesinNorthAmerica.JournalofHymenopteraResearch43:119-128.https://doi.org/10.3897/JHR.43.4661)
• In2015T.japonicuswerefoundinVancouver,WA,WashingtonDCandWinchester,VA,.
• In2016,T.japonicuswasalsofoundinWV,MD,NJandNYintheEast,andORintheWest.
TrissolcusjaponicusFieldRecoverySitesintheUS
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
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MonroeCo.
OrleansCo.
OrangeCo.
UlsterCo. Dutchess
Co.
ColumbiaCo.
2017SentinelEggPlacement
11NYSSites
WayneCo.
OntarioCo.
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
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NYSDECLiberationofWildlifePermit(July2017)
Afterin-depthreviewofapplicableprovisionsoftheEnvironmentalConservationLaw(ECL)andCodes,RulesandRegulationsoftheStateofNewYork(NYCRR),DEChasconcludedthatitsregulatoryauthorityextendstotheissuanceofpermitsforthereleaseofspecificallydefinedspeciesofwildlifeandlistedendangered,threatened,and/orinvasivespecies.WildlifeisdefinedinECLS11-0103.Endangeredandthreatedspeciesareidentifiedin6NYCRRPart182,andlistedinvasivespeciesareidentifiedin6NYCRRPart575.DEChasrecentlyconcludedthattheirstatutoryandregulatoryframeworkaroundtheLiberationofWildlifePermitregulatingreleaseofbiologicalssuchasinsectsdoesnotgenerallyapplytoreleasinginsectsintothewild,solongastheproposedreleaseisnotofaninsectthatislistedoneithertheendangeredorinvasivespecieslistings.UponreviewbytheDEC,theadventiveT.japonicuspopulationdoesnotrequirealicenseorpermitfromDECtoundertakethemovementandreleaseoftheSamuraiwasp,asitisnotlistedwithin6NYCRR575.
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
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• MarlboroT.japonicususedtodevelopcolonyandparasitize-80oCBMSBeggs.
• FixedparasitizedeggstopetridishlidaddedziptieforRTmailingandemergence.
• Parasitizedeggssenttocooperatorson15thSeptember.
• Parasitizedeggsplacedon32sitesof25farmsin5NYcounties.
TrissolcusjaponicusReleaseSitesoftheBrownMarmoratedStinkBuginNewYorkState
2017ParasitizedEggParasitoidRelease‘Redistribution’
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
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MonroeCo.OrleansCo.
OrangeCo.
UlsterCo.
DutchessCo.
ColumbiaCo.
2017 NYT.japonicusRedistribution
SentinelEgg(SE)PlacementSamuraiWaspReleaseSites2017SERecapture2018SERecapture
SullivanCo.
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SamuraiWaspRedistributionSites2017-2018CitizenScience(N=29),Agricultural(N=34)
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
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Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
DrapeNetInsectExclusionStudyStinkBugExclusion
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Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
DrapeNetInsectExclusionStudyStinkBugExclusion
Page 48
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
HudsonValleyResearchLab• ScabResistantBlock• 11VarietiesonG.11• 2018DrapeNetStudy
• InsectExclusion
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Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
DrapeNetInsectExclusionStudySamuraiWaspConservation