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CSD 2230
HUMAN COMMUNICATION
DISORDERS
Topic 1
Introduction to CommunicationDisorders and the Professions of
Speech Language Pathology and
Audiology
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Human CommunicationCommunication is
fundamental to our
humanness
We cant NOT
communicate
Communication styles can
vary with cultural
identity, setting and
participants--but the
end result is the same
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Means of CommunicationLanguage is the primary
vehicle of humancommunication
Language can be defined as asocially shared code orconventional system for
representing conceptsthrough the use of arbitrarysymbols and rule-governedcombinations of thosesymbols
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Characteristics of Language
Socially shared
Conventionalsystem
Arbitrary symbols
Rule-governed
Generative
Dynamic
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Common Components of All
LanguagesForm (Segmental aspects)
The sound system (Phonology)
The word structure (Morphology)
The sentence structure (Syntax)
Content
Meaning (Semantics)
Use Reason (Pragmatics)
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Speech
One modality for language
Speech may be defined asspoken language
Additional meaning is
conveyed by
suprasegmental
aspects of speech
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Suprasegmental Features of
Speech
Voice qualityLoudness/Stress
Rate and Rhythm
Pitch and Intonation
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Nonverbal Communication
The suprasegmental
aspects of speechand nonvocal
message exchanges
inherent with
communication
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Communication Impairment
an impairment in the ability to receive,send, process, and comprehend
concepts of verbal, nonverbal, and
graphic symbol systems
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A Classification System of
Communication Disorders
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Major Disorders of Human
CommunicationHearing Disorders
the result of impaired auditorysensitivity of the
physiological auditory
system
Deaf vs Hard of Hearing
Central Auditory Processing
Disorder
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Major Disorders of Human
Communication
Speech Disorders
Articulation disorders
Neuromotor disorders
Dysarthria and
Apraxia
Voice Disorders
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Major Disorders of Human
Communication Language Disorders
Disorders of Form Phonological errors
Morphological errors
Errors of syntax
Disorders of Use Semantic difficulties
Vocabulary problems Word finding difficulty
Disorders of function pragmatics
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How Common are
Communication Disorders? Incidence vs prevalence
17% of total US population has some
kind of communication disorder 11% have a hearing loss
6% have some kind of speech, voice, or
language disorder Prevalence may be higher or lower with
specific age groups or gender
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Professionals HelpingIndividuals with
Communication DisordersSpeech Language Pathologists
Professionals who identify, assess,treat, and prevent speech and
language disorders bothreceptively and expressively in allmodalities
Most SLPs are certified by theAmerican Speech LanguageHearing Association, have amasters or Ph.D. degree, and arelicensed to practice in the statethey work
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Professionals HelpingIndividuals with
Communication DisordersAudiologists
Specialists who measure hearing abilityand identify, assess, manage, and
prevent disorders of hearing andbalance
Most audiologists are certified by theAmerican Speech Language HearingAssociation, have a masters or Ph.D.
degree, and are licensed to practice inthe state they work
By 2012 the doctorate will be the minimalentry-level qualification for audiologists
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Other Members of the Team Teachers
Psychologists
Social Workers Occupational and
Physical Therapists
Pediatricians,
Psychiatrists, Dentists,Otolaryngologists,
Neurologists
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The Profession of SpeechLanguage Pathology and
Audiology1. Undergraduate degree in Communication Disorders that
includes general (liberal education) study, basic science
coursework, and coursework dealing with normal aspects of
human communication and communication disorders
2. MA or MS degree with a major in communication disordersfrom an accredited university. This also includes at least 350
hours of supervised clinical practicum
3. Passing score on the National Examination in SLP oraudiology
4. Completion of clinical fellowship equivalent to 36 week full-time professional employment under supervision
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The American SpeechLanguage Hearing
AssociationNon-profit organization of
SLPs and audiologists
founded in 1925
Currently, includes over
100,000 members
Responsibilities include:
Promote scientific study
Clinical services
Safeguard ethical standard
Advocacy
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