Introdução à Robótica para aplicações em Observação do Oceano, Arqueologia e Mapeamento de Ecosistemas Laboratório de Sistemas e Tecnologias Subaquáticas Porto University [email protected]https://lsts.fe.up.pt/ João Tasso de Figueiredo Borges de Sousa Welcome!!!
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Introdução à Robótica para aplicações em Observação do ... · do Oceano, Arqueologia e Mapeamento de Ecosistemas Laboratório de Sistemas e Tecnologias Subaquáticas Porto
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Introdução à Robótica para aplicações em Observação
do Oceano, Arqueologia e Mapeamento de Ecosistemas
Laboratório de Sistemas e Tecnologias Subaquáticas
Long-term oxygen declines are particularly fast in Oxygen Minimum Zones (OMZs), which identifies them as
sentinel systems for understanding ocean deoxygenation impacts globally.
OMZs are expanding in all oceans
Analyses of direct measurements at sites around the world indicate that open-ocean OMZs have expanded by >4
million km2 in 50 years. Stramma et al. (2008) Science.OMZs now have oxygen concentrations low enough to limit distributions and abundances of animal populations,
especially, of large marine predators with high oxygen demand.
Sphere representing all of Earth's water(860 miles diameter)• There are ~1027 microbes in our ocean
• They weigh ~1015 g
• All of humankind weighs ~1014 g
• If placed end on end, they extend ~1021
meters- 1021 m is ~ 105,000 light years
- Our galaxy is ~100,000 light years in diameter
Slides courtesy of Peter Guirgis and Chris Scholin
Microbes are found throughout the ocean from surface to seafloor
Data from our satellite tracking of pelagic shark movements and behaviour shows they move into
and often remain in the eastern tropical Atlantic OMZ. Analysis of vertical movements also
demonstrates.…
Sharks and OMZs
Slides courtesy of Nuno Queiroz, CIBIO
… blue sharks display a behavioural response to OMZ (left), with a shift in maximum daily depth
being observed (right). Suggests the OMZ compresses shark habitat to uppermost layers.
Queiroz et al., submitted.
Sharks and OMZs
Slides courtesy of Nuno Queiroz, CIBIO
The ‘habitat trap’ hypothesis
Scenario 1
Potential habitat compression
– predators avoid hypoxia.
Warming
Time
Expanding OMZ
Vulnerability to
fisheries capture
Sims (in press) In IUCN Report. Ocean Deoxygenation: Everyone’s ProblemQueiroz et al. (submitted)
Slides courtesy of Nuno Queiroz, CIBIO
Scenario 2
Some predators may tolerate
OMZs – for foraging?
Warming
Time
Expanding OMZ
Vulnerability
e.g. Mako and blue sharks hunt hypoxia-tolerant deep-sea cephalopods
The ‘habitat trap’ hypothesis
Slides courtesy of Nuno Queiroz, CIBIO
Scenario 3
An ocean habitat trap?
Compression + foraging hotspot +
targeted fishing
➢ Increases vulnerability to
fisheries
➢ Will exacerbate population
declines
Warming
Time
Vulnerability Vulnerability
Expanding OMZ
The ‘habitat trap’ hypothesis
Slides courtesy of Nuno Queiroz, CIBIO
Why sharks?
Blue (top left) and mako (bottom left) are amongst the deepest diving vertebrates, often performing multiple dives to
below 1000m, including sporadic deep dives inside the OMZ (right). But DO data is modelled – need direct values.
Hence, sharks are perfect animal oceanographers for providing huge quantities of fine-scale DO-Temp-Depth ‘cast’
data not feasible with survey vessels or autonomous floats (e.g. Argo)
pre
limin
ary
data
Shar
k d
ive
dep
th (
m)
OMZ
Slides courtesy of Nuno Queiroz, CIBIO
Ocean observation challenges
Synoptic observations on large spatial scalesPersistent observationsFrom micro to meso-scaleFind, track, and sample physical, chemical and biological features of the ocean with adaptive spatial-temporal resolution.
Follow a molecule of carbon dioxide from here ….
To here on a scale of hours to months, to eventually years
Remote and challenging environmentLargely unknownNo navigation aids and no refueling stationsCommunications-challenged
ARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCE
GENOMICS
NANOTECH MARINEROBOTICS
“ACCELERATED EVOLUTION OF OCEAN SCIENCES?”
Slides courtesy of John Delaney, UW
Course overview
J. Borges de Sousa
More than a course, an experience
• Active learning
• Networking environment
• T model (breadh and depth)
• Hands on
• Team based
• Yes, you can make an impact
J. Borges de Sousa
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020
research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 731103www.eumarinerobots.eu
Robotics RI Network
▪ Goals
• To open-up key national and regional marine robotics research infra-structures to
researchers in Europe and wordwide
• To establish a world-class marine robotics research infrastructure
▪ Activities
• Networking activities towards a world-class marine robotics integrated
infrastructure
• Joint research activities to make systems more operable
• Trans-national access to provide access to research infrastructures (open calls)