Introduction to the Introduction to the Safe Design of LNG, CNG and Safe Design of LNG, CNG and Hydrogen Refueling Stations Hydrogen Refueling Stations Presentation to Presentation to SFPE SFPE Northern California and Nevada Chapter Northern California and Nevada Chapter March 16, 2007 March 16, 2007 by by Jack Woycheese, PE, FSFPE Jack Woycheese, PE, FSFPE
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Introduction to the Introduction to the Safe Design of LNG, CNG and Safe Design of LNG, CNG and Hydrogen Refueling StationsHydrogen Refueling Stations
Presentation to Presentation to SFPE SFPE
Northern California and Nevada ChapterNorthern California and Nevada Chapter
March 16, 2007March 16, 2007byby
Jack Woycheese, PE, FSFPEJack Woycheese, PE, FSFPE
BackgroundBackground
Existing LNG Import TerminalsExisting LNG Import Terminals 5 in North America, 17 new plants approved, 25 proposed 5 in North America, 17 new plants approved, 25 proposed
and submitted for approval, 17 more in planningand submitted for approval, 17 more in planning
Existing LNG/CNG Refueling FacilitiesExisting LNG/CNG Refueling Facilities Garden Grove, Anaheim, Irvine, Santa MonicaGarden Grove, Anaheim, Irvine, Santa Monica
ProposedProposedLNG offloading in Long BeachLNG offloading in Long Beach
5 Hydrogen plants in SoCal5 Hydrogen plants in SoCal
Alternative FuelsAlternative Fuels
Demand driven by environmental goalsDemand driven by environmental goals
Cryogenic temperatures are defined as Cryogenic temperatures are defined as between between --150150ººF and F and --460460ººF (absolute zero). F (absolute zero). At atmospheric pressure LNG boils at At atmospheric pressure LNG boils at --259259ººF.F.
Hydrogen boils at Hydrogen boils at --430430ººF F
FIRE HAZARD PROFILE FIRE HAZARD PROFILE -- LNGLNG
Lower Explosion limit (% by vol.):Lower Explosion limit (% by vol.): 5.05.0
Upper explosion limit (% by vol.):Upper explosion limit (% by vol.): 15.415.4
Auto ignition temperature:Auto ignition temperature: 537537ººCC
Sensitivity to static discharge Sensitivity to static discharge Ignitable byIgnitable by static static electricity. Escaping electricity. Escaping gas may self ignite gas may self ignite
FIRE HAZARD PROFILEFIRE HAZARD PROFILE-- HYDROGENHYDROGEN
Lower Explosion limit (% by vol.):Lower Explosion limit (% by vol.): 4.04.0
Upper explosion limit (% by vol.):Upper explosion limit (% by vol.): 75.0075.00
Auto ignition temperature:Auto ignition temperature: 575575ººC C
Sensitivity to static discharge Sensitivity to static discharge Ignitable byIgnitable by static static electricity. Escaping electricity. Escaping gas may self ignite gas may self ignite because of friction.because of friction.
Basic Design of CNG StationBasic Design of CNG Station
Gas OnboardGas Onboard Liquid OnboardLiquid Onboard
Hydrogen Supply ModesHydrogen Supply Modes
Gaseous Gaseous ��Tube TrailerTube Trailer�� DeliveryDeliveryDelivered in High Pressure TubesDelivered in High Pressure Tubes
Basis for HBasis for H22 Fuel StationsFuel Stations
Hydrogen Supply ModeHydrogen Supply Mode Onsite Production or hauled inOnsite Production or hauled in UtilitiesUtilities
CompressionCompression Required pressure, flow ratesRequired pressure, flow rates Maintenance programMaintenance program Gaseous Compression vs. Liquid PumpGaseous Compression vs. Liquid Pump
High Pressure StorageHigh Pressure Storage ASME Compliant Vessels for StationaryASME Compliant Vessels for Stationary DOT Compliant for Mobile StorageDOT Compliant for Mobile Storage
Tips for Successful ProjectsTips for Successful Projects
Process Safety ManagementProcess Safety ManagementAPI RP 750API RP 750
AI ChemE/CCPSAI ChemE/CCPS
OSHAOSHA
DonDon��t forget Fire Protection t forget Fire Protection Considerations Considerations
for Maintenance Garage!for Maintenance Garage!
Tips for Successful ProjectsTips for Successful Projects
In CA, all dispensing In CA, all dispensing facilitiesfacilities
Certified for Certified for Engineering integrityEngineering integrity
Safety and Safety and compliance compliance
By California By California Registered Registered Engineer(s) Engineer(s) competent in competent in design, fabrication, design, fabrication, construction of construction of CryongenicCryongenic
Tips for Successful ProjectsTips for Successful Projects
Fire detectionFire detectionFire protection equipmentFire protection equipmentMethane or hydrogen gas detectionMethane or hydrogen gas detectionOther components of the facilityOther components of the facility
General RequirementsGeneral Requirements
ESD MatrixESD Matrix
Fixed and Portable Gas DetectionFixed and Portable Gas Detection
Gas Alarms Transmit to FDGas Alarms Transmit to FD
Location of Safety EquipmentLocation of Safety Equipment
Initial InspectionInitial Inspection
Verify ESD MatrixVerify ESD MatrixAlarm Triggered by Gas Detection Alarm Triggered by Gas Detection
(10%LFL)(10%LFL)
Power and Fuel off (all required circuits) Power and Fuel off (all required circuits) (50% LFL) (50% LFL)
Restart after ShutdownRestart after Shutdown
Electrical Area ClassificationElectrical Area Classification
FollowFollow--up Inspectionsup Inspections
Maintenance and Training RecordsMaintenance and Training Records Approved Drawings, PSA, etc.Approved Drawings, PSA, etc. PRVPRV��s s Gas Detection SystemGas Detection System Corrosion ProtectionCorrosion Protection
Location of Safety EquipmentLocation of Safety Equipment Shields, Gloves, Aprons, etc.Shields, Gloves, Aprons, etc. Portable Gas DetectorsPortable Gas Detectors
Retest ESD MatrixRetest ESD Matrix All Required Power OffAll Required Power Off RestartRestart