Introduction to the Concept of Law in Malaysia

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INTRODUCTION TO THECONCEPT OF LAW IN MALAYSI

Prepar

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COURSE OUTLINE

Concept of law in Malayia Concept of Law

Type of Law

T!e o"#ce of Malayian Law

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WHAT IS LAW$

O%fo#& Dictiona#y(

,he system o- rules hich aparticular country or community

recognizes as regulating the

actions o- its members and hichit may en-orce by the imposition

penalties.

Si# )o!n Sal*on&+,-./0,1/23(

,he body o- principles recand applied by thestate in the administration

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CLASSIFICATION OF LAW

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P"4lic law(

,he la hich go3erns the relationship beteen indi3iduals a

P"4lic law may be -urther subdi3ided into to categories i.ela and criminal la.

Contit"tional law lays don the rights o- indi3iduals in the

ith 4uestions such as supremacy o- Parliament and rights o-co3ers areas dealing ith state and -ederal poers.

C#i*inal law codi5es the 3arious ofences committed by indthe state. & crime is a rong against the state -or hich puniby the state.

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Inte#national law(

,he la hich go3erns the relationship beteen state a

't may be subdi3ided into to categories:

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P"4licInte#national Law

P#i5ateInte#national

Law


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P#i5ate law(

Pri3ate la concerned ith matters that afect the rightsduties o- indi3iduals amongst themsel3es.

8asically9 pri3ate la is intended to gi3e compensation tin0ured9 to enable property to be reco3ered -rom rongdto en-orce obligations.

$amples : la o- tort9 contract la9 la o- succession9employment la9 property la9 -amily la9 labour la9commercial la9 etc.

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SOURCES OF MALAYSIAN LA

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WRITTEN LAW

=ritten la is that portion o- Malaysian la hich is ritten anmade by Parliament9 legislati3e assembly >Dean "ndangan Nand ha3e in the constitution.

'ts -ound in the -ederal constitution9 state constitution9 -ederalegislation9 state legislation and subsidiary legislation.

Malaysian ritten las are contained in codes and statutes knAct9 O#&inance9 and Enact*ent.

a3 Act :

&cts are las enacted by the Parliament.

,here are 2 types o- &cts: the Principal &ct9 the &mendment &#e3ised &ct9 and the Consolidated &ct.

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WRITTEN LAW

43 O#&inance Ardinances are las enacted by the -ederal legislature bet

@27 B September @*@.

as promulgated by the Eang DiBPertuan &gong during an proclaimed under &rticle * o- the Federal Constitution areordinances.

c3 Enact*ent

$nactments are las enacted by State egislati3e &ssembliethe State egislati3e &ssembly las in Saraak are knon a

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FEDERAL CONSTITUTION

Pro3ides the poers o- the Federal H State %o3ernments Pro3ides -undamental rights o- indi3idual

,he Federal Constitution is t!e "p#e*e law of t!e lan&. %la hich is inconsistent ith the Federal Constitution is in3al

,he Malaysian Parliament -unctions under a ritten constitutiogo3erned by it. 'ts la making poer is limited by the pro3isio

constitution. Goe3er our Parliament as a legislati3e body has the capacity

repeal and make ne constitution by ay o- to third ma0orityboth houses o- Parliament. > Dean Negara H Dean #akyat?.

,he Federal Constitution also establishes a constitutional MonFederal System o- %o3ernment.

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STATE CONSTITUTION

,he 1 States o- Malaysia ha3e indi3idual constitutions pro3ide -or a single chamber egislati3e &ssembly in eac

,he go3ernment is headed by a Menteri 8esar or a Chie->'n the Malay States the M8 is assisted by a cabinet kno$ecuti3e Council? 'n Sabah H Saraak9 members o- the

$ecuti3e Council are knon as State Ministers. #egulates State %o3ernments

Contains pro3isions deri3ed -rom


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LE6ISLATION

't re-ers to las made by a person or body hpoer to make la. 'n Malaysia9 Parliament aegislati3e &ssemblies ha3e poers to enact ltheir respecti3e areas. as made by Parliameetend to the hole country. Goe3er9 las eby a State &ssembly only apply to that particu

only. $amples: &ct B Federal a made by Parliament >las

a-ter @*;? $nactment B State a made by egislati3e &ssemblies Ardinance B a made by EDP& during Proclamation o-

emergency hen Parliament is not sitting concurrently.!"#S"S P$N%"#"S&N P$#N'&%&&N !()PMJJ"N*

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SU7SIDIARY LE6ISLATION

as made under any &cts9 $nactments or ArdinancesB(ery important because speci-y the las in more detail ae3eryday matters

&lso knon as delegated legislation. & statute ill con-eon an authority -or it to enact rules and regulation. $am

Parent &ct >main la? : GireBPurchase &ct @*;

Subsidiary egislation : GireBPurchase>#epossession? #egul

Subsidiary legislation made in contra3ention o- either a paror the Constitution is 3oid

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UNWRITEN LAW

"nritten la is that portion o- Malaysian lanot ritten and is not made by Parliament9 leassembly >Dean "ndangan Negeri ?and noconstitution.

't -ound in cases decided by the court9 local c$nglish la and 'slamic a.

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EN6LISH LAW

"sed to 5ll the 3acancies a3ailable in Malaysian la >only he

necessary?. ,hree sources in $nglish common la:

i? common la itsel- ii? 0ustice decision based on ord counselloriii? act &pplicable in the absence o- local las Suitable to local circumstances

Section *>+? o- the Ci3il a &ct @*79 $nglish commercial laPenang9 Malacca9 Sabah H Saraak

'- no local las applicable

,oday9 many local las dealing ith commercial matters

e.g. Contracts &ct @*9 Partnership &ct @79 Companies &c

En8li! Co**e#c

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LOCAL CUSTOMS

Customs practiced by local people

"sed -or cases o- marriage and the di3ision o- the properta personIs death.

't depends on the 3arieties o- race and decisions made bpeople.

For Chinese and 'ndian9 it as modi5ed hen the arri3apeople in a 3ariety o- ci3il la enactment.

Sabah and Saraak: nati3e customary las apply

Peninsular Malaysia:

&dat Perpatih B Malays in NS H Naning in Melaka >land9 linerulers?

&dat ,emenggung B many states!"#S"S P$N%"#"S&N P$#N'&%&&N !()PMJJ"N*

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ISLAMIC LAW

&pplies to all persons ho are Muslims and is o- particular matter relating to -amily disputes and the issues pertainingmatter such as the di3ision o- property and assets upon a death.

-amily matters >marriage and di3orce?

estate matters >inheritance9 asiat?

Depend on Mazhab Shafe.

eaders to implement 'slamic la is sultan ) king -or their sstates o- Melaka9 Penang 9Sabah and Saraak9 leader to im'slamic la is the general ruler >Yang Dipertuan Agong?.

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)UDICIAL DECISION

Judicial decisions: JudgeIs decision

,he principle o- "binding precedent" >duluan me

Not decide cases arbitrarily Bmust -ollo precedents >predecisions o- similar situations?.

$ach court is bound by the decisions o- courts o- the samhigher than it in the same hierarchy o- courts9 hether obelie3es a decision is correct.

Judicial decision comes -rom decision in the Federal Codecision9 the Gigh Court and the Pri3y Council 0udicial

=ithout the concept o- Kbinding precedentL9 it dependdiscretion o- 0ustice.

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)UDICIAL SYSTEM IN MALAYSIA

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Fe&e#al Co"#t9Co"#t of Appe

,he supreme court in Malaysia.

,hese court ha3e 0urisdiction to hear appealGigh Court.

,his court can also decide hether -ederal lstate la is 3alid or not.

,hese court also ha3e 0urisdiction to hear thresolution o- disputes beteen the centralgo3ernment and state go3ernments.

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Hi8! co"#t

,his court ha3e 0urisdiction to hear ci3il andcases.

Ci3il cases are heard here in3ol3ing claims #M+


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Seion co"#t

,his court ha3e 0urisdiction to hear ci3il casthe claim is beteen #M+*9 to #M+


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Ma8it#ate: Co"#t

,his court can hear ci3il cases here the clanot eceed #M+*9.

'mprisonment not eceeding years.

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Pen8!"l": Co"#t

T!e co"#t of a pen8!"l"; o# Malay 5illa8e !ea& :

hear ci3il matters o- hich the claim does not eceed the parties are o- an &sian race and speak and undersMalay language.

,he Penghulu CourtIs criminal 0urisdiction i li*ite& ta minor nature charged against a person o- &sian racespecially enumerated in his arrant9 hich can be pun

?

'n Sabah and Saraak9 there are no PenghulusI Courtsare instead Nati3e Courts ha3ing 0urisdiction on mattela and custom.

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@UESTIONS


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@UESTIONS

. ,he main sources o- Malaysian la comprise:statute la9 unritten la and 'slamic la

> ,rue ) False?

+. ,he -olloing are ritten la ecept:

a. egislation enacted by Parliament and Stat&ssemblies

b. Judicial decisions o- the superior courts

c. Subsidiary legislation

d. State Constitutions

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Cont?

1. "nritten la also re-erred to as statute la> ,rue ) False?

2. 'n Perak9 Malacca9 Sabah and Saraak9 $nglishcommercial la at the date on hich the matthas to be decided is applicable in the absenceo- local legislation >,rue ) False?

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Cont?

*. Judge decides cases arbitrarily ithout re-er to dec>,rue ) False?

7. ,he -olloing statements are true ecept:a. Federal Constitution pro3ides -undamental rights

b. Judge must -ollo precedents >pre3ious decisionsituations?

c. $nglish la applicable in the absence o- local lathough not suitable ith local circumstances

d. State Constitutions contains pro3isions deri3ed -schedule o- the Federal Constitution

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Cont?

;. Subsidiary legislation made in contra3ention parent &ct or the Constitution is 3oidable >,ru

,rue ) False?

De5ne the ord laI

. =hat is meant by 0udicial precedentI

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THE END

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Introduction to the Concept of Law in Malaysia

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