Introduction to System Power ConceptIntroduction to System ...

7th EVE Meeting, 17th-18th of October 2013, Beijing, China

Introduction to System Power ConceptIntroduction to System Power ConceptIntroduction to System Power ConceptIntroduction to System Power Concept

and its Applicationand its Applicationpppp

DongseokDongseok CHOI / Ph.D.CHOI / Ph.D.

KATRI (KATRI (Korea Korea Automobile Testing and Research Automobile Testing and Research InstituteInstitute))

Republic of KoreaRepublic of Korea

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Contents

1. Background1. Background

2. Test procedurep

3. Test bed and Test vehicles

4. Test results

5. Conclusions and future work

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Background

Problems>

- Increased Electric Fraction of HEVs due to fuel economy

- Representative power for HEVs PHEVs and EVs with in-Representative power for HEVs, PHEVs and EVs with in-wheel motors

- Vehicle classification and vehicle occupation taxVehicle classification and vehicle occupation tax

Suggested solution>

- Concept of system power

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Background – concept of system power

“What is the system power? “

Power of the powertrain in a vehicle, not including the tire effect

PowertrainPowertrain

Energy Storage

Energy Converter(ICE, E-Motor, Fuel cell, …)

Drivetrain

Wheel torque Wheel torque

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P = F X V= (Tw / Rtire) XV

Background

“How to measure the representative power of HEVs? “

HEVs“ System power ”

HEVs

T P

E-MotorICE

P P

Vehicle

P,

T

T

P,

T

P,

T

P P

TT

Vehicle

VV ehicle speed

N N

N : speedP : power T : torque

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V : vehicle speedN : speedP : power T : torque

Test Procedure

START

n=1

Vehicle conditioning @ 90±10 km/h for 10min

Start data loggingStabilization Full load Cool down

Start data logging

Run test cyclen=n+1

60s 60s or 120s 0.5s

Acc. Pedal: 100 %

V Vmax

0.5s

Stop data loggingAcc. Pedal:

0 %

n ≥ 3

0 %

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STOP

Powertrain test bed

b d Test bed

Dynamometer spec.

• Max power : 290 kW @1100 ~ 3000 rpm

Max torque : 2500 Nm @ 1100 rpm Control jig for acceleration pedal• Max torque : 2500 Nm @ ~ 1100 rpm

(40% overload : 3500 Nm)

• Wheel base : 1.8 ~ 3.8 m

h d 2 2 2

Control jig for acceleration pedal

• Thread : 1.2 ~ 2.2 m

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Test vehicles

Specification of powertrain for test vehicles

ItemsPower

Drivetrain Electric FractionItemsTestVehicles

DrivetrainType

Electric Fraction(EF)

[%]ICE[kW]

E-Motor[kW]

HEV 1 133.2 15 AT 10

HEV 2 110.4 30 AT 21

HEV 3 55.9 50 e-CVT 47

HEV 4 72.9 60 e-CVT 45

EV 70 RG 100EV - 70 RG 100

Motor power

RG : Reduction Gear

EF =o o po e

(ICE power + Motor power)X 100

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RG : Reduction Gear

Determination of max system power

How to determine max system power?

!Max. System power !

①(k

W)

②

③

Pow

er (

0 6 1 20.6 1.2

Vehicle speed (km/h)

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Test result of HEV 1 (EF=10%)M t

ICE AT Wheel

MotorB

elt

Max. system power : 103.4 kWMax. system power : 103.4 kW

Test No.

Max sys. Power (kW)

Difference(%)

Vehicle speed (km/h)

1 103.4 1.3 139

2 97.9 -4.1 144

3 105.0 2.8 139

Avg. 102.1 - 141

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Engine speed : 5721 rpmVehicle speed : 139 km/h

Test result of HEV 2 (EF=21%)ICE Clutch Motor AT Wheel

Max. system power : 101.5 kWa syste po e 0 5

Test No.

Max sys. Power (kW)

Difference(%)

Vehicle speed (km/h)

1 105.1 3.5 113

2 98.1 -3.4 113

3 101.5 -0.1 113

Engine speed : 5577 rpm

Avg. 101.6 - 113

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Engine speed : 5577 rpm

Vehicle speed : 113 km/h

Test result of HEV 3 (EF=47%)

ICE

Motore-CVT Wheel

Max system power : 66 3 kWMax. system power : 66.3 kW

Test No.

Max sys. Power (kW)

Difference(%)

Vehicle speed (km/h)( ) ( ) ( )

1 69.0 1.3 91

2 69.0 1.3 93

3 66.3 -2.6 92

Vehicle speed : 92 km/h

Avg. 68.1 - 92

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Vehicle speed : 92 km/hEngine speed : 5000 rpm

Test result of EV (EF=100%)

Battery

Motor R.G Wheel

Max system power : 67 3 kWMax. system power : 67.3 kW

Test Max sys. Power Difference Vehicle speed No.

y(kW) (%)

p(km/h)

1 67.3 -2.0 49

2 70.1 2.9 42

Vehicle speed : 49 km/h

3 68.7 0.9 50

Avg. 68.7 - 47

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Vehicle speed : 49 km/hMotor speed : 4042 rpm

Test result of HEV 4 (EF=45%)

<Test procedure> <Improved test procedure>

ICE

Motore-CVT Wheel

Test No.

Max sys. Power (kW)

Difference(%)

Vehicle speed (km/h)

1 70.2 -2.9 131

Test No.

Max sys. Power (kW)

Difference(%)

Vehicle speed (km/h)

1 74.1 -0.1 139

2 73.7 1.9 131

3 73.1 1.1 125

Avg. 72.3 - 129

2 74.1 -0.1 137

3 74.4 0.3 140

Avg. 74.2 - 139

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Conclusions and future work

System power means the power is measured at the end side Conclusions

of the powertrain without a tire.

For the determination of max system power, the criterion was the one sigma.

The test procedure for system power measurement was proposed p y p p pand the test result by the improved one had a good repeatability within ±1 percent.

Future work To validate the test procedure for various types of vehicles such as

plug-in hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles with in-wheel motors

Future work

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plug in hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles with in wheel motors

7th EVE Meeting, 17th-18th of October 2013, Beijing, China

Thank you!Thank you!

[email protected]

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http://eng.ts2020.kr/katri/katri_01.jsp