INTRODUCTION TO SPECIAL EDUCATION
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7/21/2019 Introduction to Special Education
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INTRODUCTION TO S
EDUCATION
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BRIEF HISTORY O
SPECIAL EDUCATI
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Early History
In ancient Mesopotamia, priest-octors treate t!e mentma#ico-reli#io$s rit$als as mental pat!olo#y "as %elie&eemonic possession( E)orcisms, incantations, prayer, ato
an ot!er &ario$s mystical rit$als "ere $se to ri&e o$t
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+t! t!ro$#! +t! cent$
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./t! cent$ry
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Pioneerin# Contri%$tors to De&elopment o0 S
E$cation
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1aco% Rori#$es2++3-+/4
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P!ilippe Pinel 2+53-+.64
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P!ilippe Pinel 2+53-+.64
A re0orm mine 7rP!ysician
concerne "it! t!e!$manitarian treatm
ini&i$als "it! me
A&ocate releasininstit$tionali8e patt!eir c!ains(
Pioneere t!e occ$
t!erapy(
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1ean-Marc 9aspar Itar 2+5-
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A 7renc! octor;est 'no"n 0or "or'in#"it! <ictor, t!e "il %oy o0A&eyron an ta$#!t !im
t!ro$#! a sensory trainin#pro#ram(
Reco#ni8e t!e importanceo0 Sensory Stim$lation(
1ean-Marc 9aspar Itar 2+5-+
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T!omas 9alla$et2+-+3+4
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T!omas 9alla$et2+-+3+4
• Ta$#!t c!ilren "it! !earin#impairments to comm$nicatet!ro$#! a system o0 man$al
si#ns an sym%ols(• Esta%lis!e t!e =rst instit$tion
in t!e Unite States(
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Sam$el 9riley Ho"e 2+/+-64
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Sam$el 9riley Ho"e 2+/+-64
•An American p!ysiciae$cator accore in0ame %eca$se o0 !is teac!in# ini&i$als an !earin# impairm
• 7o$ne t!e =rst res0acility 0or t!e %lin ainstr$mental in ina$#instit$tional care 0or
"it! mental retarat
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Dorot!ea-Lyne Di)2+/.-+4
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Dorot!ea-Lyne Di)2+/.-+4
•A contemporary o0 9( Ho"e,Di) "as one o0 t!e =rstAmericans to c!ampion%etter an more !$mane
treatment 0or t!e mentally ill(
• Insti#ate t!e esta%lis!ment0or se&eral instit$tion 0orini&i$als "it! mentalisorers(
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Lo$is ;raille 2+/>-3.4
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Lo$is ;raille 2+/>-3.4
• A 7renc! e$cator,!imsel0 %lin, "!oe&elope a tactile
system o0 reain#reain# an "ritin# 0orpeople "!o "ere %lin(
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Eo$r Se#$in2++.-+/4
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Eo$r Se#$in2++.-+/4
• A p$pil o0 Itar, Se#$in "as a 7renc! p!responsi%le 0or e&elopin# teac!in# me0or c!ilren "it! mental retaration( Histrainin# emp!asi8e sensorimotor acti&A0ter immi#ration to t!e Unite States, !elpe to 0o$n an or#ani8ation t!at "0orer$nner o0 t!e American AssociationIntellect$al an De&elopmental Disa%ili
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i l
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7rancis 9alton2+..-+>++4
•
Scientist concerne "it! ini&ii?erences( As a res$lt o0 st$yeminent persons, !e %elie&e t!#eni$s is solely t!e res$lt o0 !er
T!ose "it! s$perior a%ilities arenot mae(
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Al 9 ! ; ll
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Ale)aner 9ra!am ;ell2+5-+>..4
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Pioneerin# a&ocate o0 e$catinc!ilren "it! isa%ilities in p$%lsc!ool( As a teac!er o0 st$ent !earin# impairments, ;ell prom
t!e $se o0 resi$al !earin# ane&elopin# t!e spea'in# s'ills ost$ents "!o are ea0(
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Al0re ;inet
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Al0re ;inet 2+3-+>>+4
• A 7renc! psyc!olo#ist "!o constr$cte
=rst stanari8e e&elopmental assesscale capa%le o0 @$anti0yin# intelli#encori#inal p$rpose o0 t!is test "as to ienst$ents "!o mi#!t pro=t 0rom a speci
e$cation an not to classi0y ini&i$a%asis o0 a%ility( Also ori#inate t!e conmental a#e "it! !is st$ent T!eoore
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Maria Montessori
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Maria Montessori2+/-+>3.4
• Ac!ie&e "orl"ie reco#nition 0or !er pion
"or' "it! yo$n# c!ilren an yo$n#sters "mental retaration( 7irst 7emale to earn a me#ree in Italy( E)pert in early c!il!oo eDemonstrate t!at c!ilren are capa%le o0 l
at a &ery early a#e "!en sorro$ne "it!manip$lati&e materials in a ric! an stim$laen&ironment( ;elie&e t!at c!ilren learn %irect sensory e)perience(
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Le"is Terman
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Le"is Terman2+-+>364
• An American e$cator an psyc!olo#is
re&ise ;inets ori#inal assessmentinstr$ment( T!e res$lt "as t!e p$%licatt!e Stan0or-;inet Scale o0 Intelli#ence+>+6( Terman e&elope t!e notion o0
intelli#ence @$otient or IB( Also 0amo$sli0elon# st$y o0 #i0te ini&i$als( Cont!e #ran0at!er o0 #i0te e$cation(
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1ean-Marc 9aspar Ita
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1ean Marc 9aspar Ita25-:4
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