Introduction to Software --- Operating Sytem---
Introduction to software 2
Jul 16, 2015
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Introduction to Software--- Operating Sytem---
Contents
Summary
Type of Operating System
Operating System Concept
Hystory of Operating System
Operating System
Operating System
What is operating system??
The operating system is the systems program or software that makes the hardware usable
Operating System
What is the role of operating system ?
To manage all the pieces of the complex system;
Operating System
Processor & MemoryInput Output
Operating System
Operating SystemApplication System
Application System
How Can Operating System Manage all the pieces of complex system.
By a set of instruction code
Operating System
Machine Code
Assembly Language
High Level Programming
Language
Operating System
Assembler
TranslatorCompiler & Interpreter
Could you list some common commercial or free Operating System?
Windows : OS yang banyak dipuja dan juga dicaciMac OS : OS Standar bagi Graphic DesignerUnix : Database ProfessionalBeOS: Sistem Operasi MultimediaOS/2 Warp: Server Bisnis yang MahalJavaOS: tak tergantung platformFreeBSD dan NetBSD: Favorit ISPLinux: Sistem Operasi untuk Semua
Operating System
What are the function of operating system?
File managementMemory managementProcessor management
Operating System
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Of these three functions, file management is the most visible to the user. The first thing a new computer user must learn is how to manipulate the files of information on the operating system. Files in an operating system are analogous to files in an office. They contain information to be retrieved and processed on request. In an office, the filing cabinet stores files. In an operating system, peripheral memory devices store files. Although tapes and disks can store files, the following discussion concentrates on disks. In an office, an individual file is in a file folder. The office worker names each file and places the name on the tab of the folder. The name indicates the contents of the folder and makes it easy to pick out an individual file from the cabinet. In an operating system, every file also has a name. The name serves the same purpose as the name on a folder—to make it easy to pick out an individual file from a disk. When a computer user creates a file, the operating system requests a name for the file. Depending on the system, there are usually some restrictions on the length of the name and the allowable characters in the name. Sometimes the system will automatically attach a prefix or a suffix to the name. Other files are created by the system and automatically
File ManagementFiles can contain three types of information:
• Documents• Programs• Data
Operating System
Memory ManagementTo be executed, first they must be loaded from disk into main memory;The files are physically scattered over the surface of the disk
Operating System
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Documents may be company memoranda, letters, reports, and the like. Files also store programs to be executed by the computer. To be executed, first they must be loaded from disk into main memory. Input data for an executing program can come from a file, and output data can also be sent to a file. The files are physically scattered over the surface of the disk. To keep track of all these files of information, the operating system maintains a directory of them. The directory is a list of all the files on the disk. Each entry in the directory has the file's name, its size, its physical location on the disk, and any other information the operating system needs to manage the files. The directory itself is also stored on the disk.
Processor ManagementThe operating system provides the user with a way to manipulate the files on the disk. Some typical operating system commands include
• List the names of the files from the directory.
• Delete a file from the disk.• Change the name of a file.• Print the contents of a file.• Execute an applications program.
Operating System
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Hystory of OS
Operating systems have been evolving through the years. Below are the timelines of OS evolution.
The First Generation (1945-55) Vaccum Tube;The Second Generation (1955-65) Transistors and Batch Systems;The Third Generation (1965-80) ICs and Multiprogramming;The Fourth Generation (1980-present) Personal Computers.
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Hystory of OS
The First Generation (1945-55) Vaccuum Tube.
Computer was very primitive;There is no programming language;Operating systems were unheard of;It takes time ti process the data, even the simplest calculation.
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Hystory of OS
The Second Generation (1955-65) Transistors and Batch Systems.
The introduction of transistor in mid 1950s changed the picture of computer;Mainframes computer was founded;FORTRAN and assembler was introduced;Program can be write on punch card;
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Hystory of OS
The Second Generation (1955-65) Transistors and Batch Systems.
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Hystory of OS
The Third Generation (1965-80) ICs and Multiprogramming;The Fourth Generation.
Computer manufacturers had two distinct of computer, (1) scientific computer, and (2) commercial computer. Two of this was not compatible each other.Memory partition was introduced by IBM;SPOOL (Simultaneous Peripheral Operation On Line) Technique for output was introduced
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Hystory of OS
The Fourth Generation (1980-present) Personal Computers.
Large scale of invention on circuits, chips containing thousands of transistors on a square centimeter of silicon have brought a dramatic change on computer. In terms of architecture, it is called microcomputers);Intel came out with 8080 CPU;In 1980, IBM designed PC and looked around for software to run it, and Bill Gates offered DOS/BASIC package to IBM.
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Type of Operating System
The Operating System Zoo.Mainframe Operating Systems;Server Operating Systems;Multiprocessor Operating Systems;Personal Computer Operating Systems;Handheld Computer Operating Systems;Embedded Operating Systems;Sensor Node Operating Systems;Real Time Operating Systems;Smart Card Operating Systems.
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Operating Systems Concept
Basic Concept of Operating Systems.
Process;Address Spaces;Files;Input/Output;Protection;The Shell.
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Operating Systems Concept
Process CreationSystem Initialization;Execution of a process creation system call by running process;User request to create new process;Initiation of a batch job.
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Operating Systems Concept
Process TerminationNormal Exit (voluntary)Error Exit (voluntary)Fatal Error (involuntary)Killed by another process (involuntary)
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Operating Systems Concept
Address SpacesSave the program into memory;Memory uses to executing program;
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Operating Systems Concept
Files
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Operating Systems Concept
Input/OutputOperating System has Input/Output system to manage I/O Devices;
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Operating Systems Concept
ProtectionEncryption and Decryption to Protect the data in the computer.
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Operating Systems Concept
The ShellThe code that carries out the system calls
C l i c k t o e d i t c o m p a n y s l o g a n .
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