Introduction to Security Cooperation Management

Introduction to Security

Cooperation Management

General Constitutional/Legislative Authorities DoS and DoD SA/SC organizations Security Cooperation/Security Assistance

Definitions SA Programs Administered as SC SC Programs Building Partner Capacity Programs

Outline

Key Legal and Policy Guidelines for SC

Titles 10 & 22 U.S. Code Arms Export Control Act (AECA)

International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR) Security Assistance Management Manual (SAMM)

Foreign Assistance Act (FAA) National Defense Authorization Acts (NDAAs) DoD and S/FOAA Appropriations Acts

Foreign & National Security Policy Objectives

Congress recognizes ... that Countries ... have valid (defense) requirements ...• To this end, ... [§1, AECA] ...

authorizes sales ... (when) consistent with the Foreign Policy interests of the United States

PDD 34, 17 Feb 95

U.S. Conventional Arms Transfer Policy

Arms transfers continue to be a legitimate instrument of U.S. foreign policy

They are deserving of U.S. Government support when they: Help allies and friends to deter

aggression Promote regional security, and Increase interoperability among allies.

Supporting U.S. Transfers Decisions will be made on a case-by-case

basis Country team may support U.S. overseas

marketing efforts Active involvement by senior USG officials

in promoting sales of particular importance to the U.S.

Support of international air and trade shows when determined to be in the best interest of the U.S.

PDD 34, 17 Feb 95

Authorities for FMS§21(a)(1), AECA - Sales from Stock

“The President may sell defense articles and defense services from the stocks of the [DoD & USCG] to any eligible country...”

§22(a), AECA - Procurement for Cash Sale “The President may enter into contract for the procurement of defense articles or defense services for sale...to any foreign country...”§23(a), AECA - Credit Sales

“The President is authorized to finance the procurement of defense articles, defense services... by friendly foreign countries...”

Recovery of Cost

The FMS program must managed at no cost to the USG (with certain exceptions specifically identified in the AECA)

[§C9.3.1, eSAMM]

Authorized Military Sales / LeasesTo friendly countries solely: For internal security For legitimate self-defense For preventing or hindering the proliferation

of weapons of mass destruction and of the means of delivering such weapons

To permit participation in regional / collective arrangements or measures consistent with the charter of the United Nations

To enable foreign military contribution to public works and civic action programs

[§4, AECA]

[§3, AECA]

Eligibility Requirements for FMS and Leases

Furnishing of defense articles / services must strengthen U.S. security & promote world peace.

No retransfers without Presidential consent No use of articles / services for purposes other

than for which furnished, unless consent of the President has first been obtained.

Recipient to maintain security of such article Country or international organization must

otherwise be eligible to purchase articles

Restraints / Prohibitions Against Furnishing U.S. Assistance

Coup d’Etat

USG Loan Arrearages Unauthorized End-UseNuclear

Proliferation

Human RightsViolations

SupportingInternational

TerrorismIllicit Drug

Production / Transit

COUNTRY REPORTSON

HUMAN RIGHTSPRACTICES

REPORTCOMMITTEE OF FOREIGN AFFAIRSU.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

and thecommittee on foreign relations

u.s. senateby the

Department of StateFAA

AECA

Authorization

Appropriation Acts

Loan $Repayment

OVERDUETerms

andConditions

General Constitutional/Legislative Authorities DoS and DoD SA/SC organizations Security Cooperation/Security Assistance

Definitions SA Programs Administered as SC SC Programs Building Partner Capacity Programs

Outline

State Department SA Responsibilities

General direction of foreign assistance

Program determination by country

Integration of programs to support US national objectives

Secretary of State

Chief, U.S. Diplomatic

Mission

Administrator,U.S. Agency for

International Development (USAID)Director, U.S. Foreign

Assistance (F)

Under Secretary for Arms Control and

International Security Affairs (T)

Senior Defense Official/Defense

Attaché (SDO/DATT)

Security Cooperation Organization (SCO)

Defense Attaché Office (DAO)

Assistant Secretary for Political-Military

Affairs (PM)

Regional Security and Arms

Transfers (RSAT)

Directorate of Defense Trade

Controls (DDTC)

Program execution Procurement of equipment/services Transportation of military articles Conduct of military

training

DoD Responsibilities for SA

Secretary of Defense

Department of the Army

Department of the Navy

Department of the

Air Force

Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition,

Technology & Logistics (AT&L)

Director, International Cooperation

Under Secretary of Defense for

Policy [USD(P)]

Defense Security Cooperation

Agency (DSCA)

Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff

The Joint Staff

Geographic Combatant Commands

(GCCs)

Senior Defense Official/Defense

Attaché (SDO/DATT)

Security Cooperation Organization (SCO)

Defense Attaché Office (DAO)

Lead, resource, and educate the Defense Security Cooperation community to shape, refine, and execute innovative security solutions for partners in support of U.S. interests

Build partner capacities Strengthen defense relationships Facilitate security cooperation program

execution Promote civilian control of military, strong

defense relationships and rule of law Support the interagency process

Defense Security Cooperation AgencyResponsibilities

General Constitutional/Legislative Authorities DoS and DoD SA/SC organizations Security Cooperation/Security Assistance

Definitions SA Programs Administered as SC SC Programs Building Partner Capacity Programs

Outline

• Encourage international partners to work with the U.S. to achieve

strategic objectives

• Includes all DoD interactions with foreign defense and

security establishments, including all DoD-administered S.A.

programs

• Provide U.S. forces with peacetime and contingency access to host

nations

DoDD 5132.03, 24 Oct 08

Security Cooperation

Security Assistance Economic & military

assistance to partner nations under State Department authority

Supports USG foreign policy and national security objectives

Deliverables: Defense articles, services, and training

Terms of Transfer: Sale, grant, loan, or lease

Major Security Assistance Programs

Foreign Military Sales (FMS) Foreign Military Financing

Program (FMFP) International Military

Education and Training (IMET) Emergency Drawdown Leases of Equipment Excess Defense Articles

(EDA)

[SAMM C1.T1]

Direct Commercial Sales (DCS) Economic Support Fund (ESF) Peacekeeping Operations

(PKO) International Narcotics Control

and Law Enforcement (INCLE) Nonproliferation, Anti-

Terrorism, Demining, and Related Programs (NADR)

Administeredby DoD as S.C.

Administeredby DoS as S.A.

Defense[10 U.S.C.]

State[22 U.S.C.]

SC/SA Programs

C/T C/NAfghanistan

JCETsIAC

ESF

NADR

INCLE

PKO

FMSFMFPIMETEDA

Leases

DCSCombined Exercises

HA/HDA

General Constitutional/Legislative Authorities DoS and DoD SA/SC organizations Security Cooperation/Security Assistance

Definitions SA Programs Administered as SC SC Programs Building Partner Capacity Programs

Outline

Foreign Military Sales (FMS) Sales authorized by the AECA from

DoD stock or through DoD procurement of defense articles and services (including training)

Either country cash or USG-provided credit

[Sec. 21 & 22, AECA]

U.S. FMS Agreements/Deliveries

Foreign Military Financing Program (FMFP)

Furnishes FMS financial grants or loans authorized by the AECA to enable eligible foreign governments to purchase U.S. defense articles and services

Annual appropriation by Congress Allocated by DoS, administered by DSCA

as SC[Sec. 23, AECA]

Rest of the world - $1.086B

TOP TWENTY

Jordan$299MPakistan 295MLebanon 75MFMFP Admin 56MColombia 48MPoland 34MIndonesia 20MYemen 20MTunisia 17MOman 17MWest Hemi 16MGeorgia 16MBahrain 15MPhilippines 15MRomania 13MUkraine 9MBulgaria 9MMorocco 9MMexico 8MLiberia 7M

FY 2011 Total = $5.374B

ISRAEL$2.994B

FY 2011 FMFP Allocations

FY2012 -- $6.3102B

EGYPT$1.294B

Rest ofThe World$1.086B

International Military Education and Training (IMET)

Military training authorized by the FAA on a grant basis to foreign military and related civilian personnel for training both in the U.S. and in overseas facilities

Annual appropriation by Congress Allocated by DoS, administered by

DSCA as SC[Sec. 541, FAA]

FY 2005-2011 IMET Programs($ in millions)

Funding Levels

No. Of Countries

No. Of Students

FY 11

$106.79

130

na

FY 05

$89.01

102

7,981

FY 06

$85.88

107

7,998

FY 07

$85.88

127

8,622

FY 08

$ 85.18

140

6,015

FY 09

$ 93.00

138

5,690

FY 10

$108.00

145

na

FY2012 -- $105.788M

Direct Commercial Sales(DCS)

Commercial export sales authorized by the AECA to be licensed by State Department

Generally country cashNot an appropriation

[Sec. 38, AECA]

Direct Commercial Sales Trends

31

General Constitutional/Legislative Authorities DoS and DoD SA/SC organizations Security Cooperation/Security Assistance

Definitions SA Programs Administered as SC SC Programs Building Partner Capacity Programs

Outline

Traditional CCDR Activities (TCA) Combined Exercises JCETs (Special Operations training) Combating Terrorism Fellowship Program

(CTFP) Counter-Narcotics Assistance DoD Regional Centers for Security

Studies Equip and Train for Afghanistan National Guard State Partnership Program Global Support Contingency Fund (GSCF) International Armaments Cooperation Building Partner Capacity (Section 1206, NDAA) Humanitarian Assistance and Demining Assistance

-- DISAM Textbook, Chapter 1

Selected DoD SC ProgramsDoD Authorized

General Constitutional/Legislative Authorities DoS and DoD SA/SC organizations Security Cooperation/Security Assistance

Definitions SA Programs Administered as SC SC Programs Building Partner Capacity Programs

Outline

Building Partner Capacity (BPC) Programs

Programs that use the FMS infrastructure to administratively manage the transfer of articles and services

Funded with USG appropriations Does not apply to FMS cases funded

with country or FMF funds Typically 1-2 years to obligate funds

Building Partner Capacity Programs-What For??

Allows the DoD & DoS to focus in on building security sector capacities of partner nations and to enhance capabilities to conduct: Counter Narcotics operations Counter Terrorism operations Peacekeeping Support operations Support US forces conducting stability

operations in PK, AF, etc

Peacekeeping Operations (PKO),(Section 551, FAA)

Global PeacekeepingOperations Initiative (GPOI)

(component of PKO)

Afghanistan SecurityForces Fund (ASFF) (DoD Approp. Act)

Pakistan Counterinsurgency Fund/Counterinsurgency Capability Fund

(PCF/PCCF)

Coalition ReadinessSupport Program (Sec. 1233, NDAA)

Global Training and Equipment (Sec. 1206, NDAA)

BPC Pseudo LOA Programs

DoD Counter Narcotics(Sec. 1033 & 1004, NDAA)

Global Security Contingency Fund (Sec. 1207, NDAA)

BPC East Africa & Yemen (Sec. 1203, NDAA)

SAMM C15.1.4

DoD-FundedNon-DoD Funded

General Constitutional/Legislative Authorities DoS and DoD SA/SC organizations Security Cooperation/Security Assistance

Definitions SA Programs Administered as SC SC Programs Building Partner Capacity Programs

Summary

Questions?