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4/23/2019 1 Introduction to OCT-Angiography Gary Michalec, CRA Sr. Regional Strategic Clinical Manager North America ZEISS Ophthalmic Devices Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc. 4/23/2019 What we’ll be covering OCT Technology Past, Present and Future OCT Angiography Advantages and Disadvantages Clinical Cases 4/23/2019 How Did We Get From Here… 4/23/2019 …to here ? 4/23/2019 Puliafito,C. 4/23/2019 2 mm 2 mm 1024 128-512 200-4096 Groups of A‐scans form to make the B‐scan 4/23/2019
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Page 1: Introduction to OCT-Angiography - HealthPartners...Apr 02, 2019  · IVFA shows dynamic phases of staining, leakage and pooling, OCTA does not. 4/23/2019 OCT‐A shows movement of

4/23/2019

1

Introduction to OCT-Angiography

Gary Michalec, CRA

Sr. Regional Strategic Clinical Manager

North America

ZEISS Ophthalmic Devices

Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc. 

4/23/2019

What we’ll be covering

OCT Technology 

Past, Present and Future

OCT Angiography

Advantages and Disadvantages

Clinical Cases

4/23/2019

How Did We Get From Here…

4/23/2019

…to here ?

4/23/2019

Puliafito,C.

4/23/2019

2 mm 2 mm1024

128-512 200-4096

Groups of A‐scans form to make the B‐scan 

4/23/2019

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4/23/2019

2

Time Domain OCT• In TD‐OCT the depth information has to be subsequently probed by mechanically adjusting the length of the reference arm. 

• This required motion limits the speed of the acquisition of an A‐Scan, (e.g. the STRATUS has a 400 Hz A‐Scan rate).

*Reference arm is mechanically adjusted to scan depth of eye

400‐500 A‐scans per second

Mechanical motion limits speed and precision of the acquisition

“outdated technology” slow and less precise

4/23/2019

Spectral Domain OCTHowever, instead of changing the length of the reference arm, it is equivalent to use a different wavelength of the light

When broadband laser diodes became available, SD‐OCT could use the different wavelengths to simultaneously obtain the depth information

Wide‐band source provides speed, but spectrometer causes signal loss w/depth, detector tech limits speed

27,000 A‐scans and up

“mature technology” speed/depth limitations 

4/23/2019

TD vs. SD Comparison

4/23/2019

Swept Source OCTAdvances in the telecom industry provide narrow‐band lasers, where the wave‐length can be electronically tuned

Corresponding detectors are very sensitive with low noise.

Lack of a spectrometer allows improved imaging of deeper /wider structures

100,000 A‐scans and up

“developing technology” improvements vs. cost ?

4/23/2019

OCT Angiography• Algorithm detects red blood cells moving through vessels• Eye tracking, reduces motion artifact, negates blinks, and ensures precise 

scan location on follow‐up scans 

4/23/2019

• 245 B-Scans (cuts)• Each Repeated 4x

tracking

3 mm X 3 mm Angio

Total = 240,000 A‐scans, ~ 5.0 secs

• 245 axial A-Scans per B-Scan, e 1024 voxels deep

OCT Angiography

4/23/2019

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3

OCTA vs FA

4/23/2019

Conventional IVFA shows dynamic phases of staining, leakage and pooling, OCTA does not.

4/23/2019

OCT‐A shows movement of red blood cells 

Imagecaptured is equivalent to mid‐phase of FA

4/23/2019

• No NEEDLES, Less TIME, Less Complicated ‐ ‐ ‐ Lowered Risk• Single Scan ‐ in a few seconds

• Seeing hard‐to‐see pathology = Confidence/More informed Referrals

• Depth Color Coded for easy assessment

• Multiple layer segmentation • Deep Retina Plexus Layer not Clinically Visible before OCT‐A

• New Interpretation understanding necessary

OCTA vs FA

4/23/2019

1

2

3

OCT – A are flattened 2D images of 3D vasculature.  Color Represents Depth in Tissue

4/23/2019

Superficial Retina Deep Retina Avascular Retina 

Color Depth Retina Map

Color Depth Map combines superficial, deep and avascular maps‐ allows for depth visualization of blood flow from the ILM to ONLY the RPE

4/23/2019

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Normal 3x3 Angio Cube OD ‐ Full Retina (L) and Deep Plexus (R)

4/23/2019

Normal Pt, 6x6 Scans

Color Depth Encoded                           Superficial Deep Plexus

4/23/2019

00:14  FA AngioPlex – Retina Color Depth Map

Courtesy of S. Feldon, Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA

PED with CNV 6x6 mm OCT‐A Scan

4/23/2019

Visual detail from OCT Angiography correlates very well with traditional fluorescein angiography

• Korobelnik J Fr Ophthalmol (2015)

Korobelnik J Fr Ophthalmol (2015)

4/23/2019

VRI – Vitreo Retina Interface Map

4/23/2019

BRVO3x3 mm OCT‐A Scan

OCT‐A – Retina Map

Courtesy of S. Lee, East Bay Retina Consultants, Oakland, California, USA

Late Phase FA

4/23/2019

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5

FA of a CRVO

4/23/2019

SD‐OCT 3x3 images superimposed on FAOverlays for display effect

4/23/2019

FA of a CRVO

4/23/2019

SD‐OCT 3x3 images superimposed on FAOverlays for display effect, not a software feature

4/23/2019

PDR with NVD

FA (top) vs. OCT‐A (middle)

OCT‐A VRI interface (bottom)

4/23/2019

Another KNOWN DIABETIC – Looks Good, right?

4/23/2019

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6

WRONGDeep Plexus, Superficial Retina

Eroded Deep Plexus Irregular FAZ, Peri‐macular Ischemia4/23/2019

…and the other eye…

Sup/Temporal Ischemia

4/23/2019

AMD/CNV OU    Question:  What is Projection Artifact/De‐Corellation Tails ?

OD OS

4/23/2019

AMD/CNV ODColor Retina Depth EncodingOCT‐A 3x3

Blue/Cool Color indicates flowin the Avascular Layer.  But the coding is weak.

4/23/2019

AMD/CNV OD Custom RPE‐RPE slab OCT‐A 3x3

Feeder Vessel or Projection Artifact ?

Green Indicates Sub RPE Blood Flow

Red Indicates Pre RPE Blood Flow

4/23/2019

AMD/CNV OU  (“faux feeder” projection artifact removed)3x3 AngioPlex™ 

4/23/2019

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7

STAINING and POOLING? DOES IT MATTER ANYMORE?

4/23/2019

Classic or Occult? 

Classic CNV is well‐defined on IVFA

4/23/2019

Regression of lesion over time

Idiopathic CNV 

4/23/2019

Pt. 33:  CSR – Central Serous Retinopathy

4/23/2019

7/22/16

11/23/15

11/9/15

CSR

4/23/2019

CSR:  Last Visit – this would be missed my MOST docs at ALL LEVELSCNV despite < SRF.  REFER THIS PT TO A RETINA SPECIALIST !

4/23/2019

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8

Analytics and Metrics

Superficial Deep Perfusion Density 

4/23/2019

Analytics and Metrics

5Agemy S, et al. Retinal Vascular Perfusion Density mapping using OCTA in Normals and DR Patients. Retina. 35(11):2353‐2363, November 2015.

Superficial

Angio 

Flow Den

sity

Carolyn Majcher OD FAAO,  Rosenberg School of Optometry4/23/2019

Additional Resources

• https://www.laboratoires‐thea.com/medias/ouvrage_practical_angiography.pdf

• https://www.optovue.com/case‐studies

• https://business‐lounge.heidelbergengineering.com/gb/en/products/spectralis/oct‐angiography‐module/#product‐details

4/23/2019