Introduction to MIS1 Voice Computer Sent as packets: 1 2 3 4 5 Sent as packets: A B C D E Chicago New York Dallas Atlanta E 4 C B 2 A 1 5 D 3 Packet-Switched.

Introduction to MIS 1

Voice

Computer

Sent as packets: 1 2 3 4 5

Sent as packets: A B C D E

ChicagoNew York

DallasAtlanta

E

4

C

B2

A

1

5 D 3

Packet-Switched Networks Data, Voice, Video

All converted to packets Packet has data, destination, and source address Switched services Packets routed as needed Reassembled at destination

Introduction to MIS 2

Network Components Computers Servers Work stations

Media Cables Fiber optic Radio Infrared

Connection devices

LAN cardLAN card

LAN card

LAN card

Shared PrinterServer

Personal ComputerPersonal Computer

Router or Switch

Internet

Firewall

Introduction to MIS 3

Server Scalability

Sun 10000

Sun 3800

Sun Ultra 5

Compaq

Increasing performance within a product family.

Server farms distribute the workload. Add more computers for more power.

Rack mount server farm.

Introduction to MIS 4

Network Transmission Media Electricity Fiber optics Radio waves

CoaxialExample:Cable TV

Shield

Radio or Micro WavesExample:Cellular phones

glass or plastic

Fiber Optic CableExample:Long distance phone lines

antenna

Twisted PairExample:Local phone lines

reflective cladding

Introduction to MIS 5

Fiber Optics Faster More data Less magnetic interference Long stretches without

repeaters

900 copper wires can be replaced by one fiber optic line (for telephone connections).

Introduction to MIS 6

Frequency Spectrum

All waves behave similarly Sound Radio Micro Light

Frequency differences Amount of data Distance Interference / Noise

ELF VLF LF MF HF VHF UHF Microwave Optical

100 1K 100K 1M 10M 100M 1G 10G Hertz

Navy/s

ubm

arine

s

TV: 22

0M -

500

MHz

AM:

550K

- 16

50 K

Hz

Public

Saf

ety:

150

M -

160

MHz

Public

Saf

ety:

460

M -

500

MHz

Cellula

r pho

nes:

800

MHz

Cordle

ss p

hone

s (s

ome)

: 90

0 M

Hz

Pers.

Com

. Sys

(PCS):

1.8

5 G -

2.2

GHz

PCS E

T: 2

GHz

TV: 54

M -

216

MHz

FM:

88M

- 10

8 M

Hz

http://www.jsc.mil/images/speccht.jpg

http://www.ntia.doc.gov/osmhome/allochrt.pdf

Introduction to MIS 7

Transmission Capacity

A thin fiber optic cable can carry as much data as 900 single copper wires, with minimal interference, and superior tensile strength.

Introduction to MIS 8

The Importance of Bandwidth

Introduction to MIS 9

Shared Connections

With shared connections, machines have to take turns, and congestion can slow down all connections.

With switched connections, each computer has the full bandwidth of the connection at all times. Performance depends on how fast the switch can handle connections.

Introduction to MIS 10

Connecting Networks The need for standards A changing environment

Backbone fiber optic

Hub

Switch

Hub

Radio-based network

Internet

Routers or Switches

Introduction to MIS 11

Building 1Building 2

Enterprise Network

Switch

Servers

Workstations/PCs

Fiber optic

Internet – ISP

Firewall

Subsidiary

Introduction to MIS 13

TCP/IP Reference Application

Mail, Web, FTP Authentication, compression, user services

Transport Packetize data and handle lost packets Establish connections through numbered ports

Internet Protocol (IP) Route packets to destination Requires unique host addresses: IPv4=32-bit; IPv6=128-bit Requires standards and cooperation

Subnet Physical connections Transfers bits with some form of error correction

Introduction to MIS 15

The Internet

Introduction to the Internet No control Services

Mail Telnet FTP WWW

WEB searching AltaVista HotBot Lycos WebCrawler Yahoo

Introduction to MIS 16

How the Internet Works

Individual

Internetserviceprovider (ISP)

Phonecompany

Networkserviceprovider (NSP)

Backbonenetwork

Phonecompany

CompanyWeb site

Dial-up: 33.3 - 56 KbpsISDN: 128 KbpsDSL: 256 Kbps - 6 MbpsCable: 1 to 10 Mbps

Cablecompany

T1: 1.544 MbpsT3: 44.736 Mbps

OC3: 155.52 MbpsOC12: 622 Mbps

Introduction to MIS 17

Internet Connections Backbone providers AT&T GTE Worldcom/MCI Sprint Qwest

Network service providers 1998: 39 AGIS AT&T Cable & Wireless IBM MCI/Worldcom Qwest Sprint UUNet

Phone companies Regional Bell operating

companies (RBOCs) (6) Competitive local exchange

carriers (CLECs) (new) Cable companies

AT&T Cablevision Regional.

Satellite Direct Satellite Starband

Internet service providers America Online Microsoft Network Earthlink