Introduction to Matlab

Introduction To Matlab

Prepared by :

1

Prepared by:

Eng. Amr Ezz Eldin Rashed Assistant lecturer

TAIF university,KSA

TEL:ksa 0554404723

Outlines(First Level) _24 hour

What is Matlab

Basic commands

Vectors and matrices

Statistics for vector and matrix

Control loops(if,for,switch,break)

2D plotting , mathematics(int ,diff ,limit,..)

Exam 2

Outlines(Second Level)_24hour

3D plotting, animation

Dialog box

Simulink

Graphical user interface

Image and sound processing

البرامج الجاهزة

Project

EXAM 3

Outlines(Third Level)_24 hour

Introduction to Image Processing

Point Processing ,Spatial Filtering

Neighborhood Processing

The Fourier Transform

Image Restoration

Image Segmentation

project 4

What is Matlab?

What is possible in Matlab? graphic examples

How Matlab works? matrix, vector & scalar

syntax & important operators

basic commands & plot commands

creating a m-file

Statistics in Matlab some basics & example

Algebraic operations in Matlab

Useful links & other tutorials

5

Introduction to MATLAB

What is MATLAB

The name MATLAB stands for Matrix laboratory(or

mathematical laboratory).

MATLAB is an interactive system whose basic data element

is an array that does not require dimensioning.

It‟s both a computer programming language, and a software

environment for using that language effectively.

Typical

6

What is MATLAB

Matlab is a commercial "Matrix Laboratory" package which operates as an

interactive programming environment.

Matlab is available for PC's, Macintosh and UNIX systems.

Matlab is well adapted to numerical experiments.

Matlab program and script files (m-files) always have filenames ending with

".m";

The programming language is exceptionally straightforward since almost every

data object is assumed to be an array.

Graphical output (figure) is available to supplement numerical results.

Online help is available from the Matlab prompt (a double arrow) by typing help

7

Typical Uses

Math and computation

Algorithm development

Modeling, simulation, and prototyping

Data analysis, exploration, and

visualization

Scientific and engineering graphics

Application development including GUI

8

Why use Matlab?

Advantages:

Handles vector and matrices very nice

Quick plotting and analysis

EXTENSIVE documentation (type „help‟)

Lots of nice functions: FFT, fuzzy logic, neural nets,

numerical integration, OpenGL (!?)

Drawbacks:

Slow compared to C or Java

9

Matlab History

In the 1970‟s, Cleve Moler “Professor of Math & Computer

Science, Chief Author of MatLab and one of the Founders of

Mathworks.Inc” participated in developing (EISPACK) and

(LINPACK). Those were collection of Fortran subroutines for

solving linear equations and Eigen value problems.

Later, when teaching courses in mathematics, Moler wanted

his students to be able to use LINPACK and EISPACK

without requiring knowledge of Fortran, so he developed the

first MATLAB in 1977 as an interactive system to access

LINPACK and EISPACK.

10

MatLab History

The first Matlab was written in 2000 lines of Fortran, with Matrices as the only data type, 80 functions, no .m files and no toolboxes.

Jack Little, one of Moler‟s students saw Matlab potentials in Control systems & Signal Processing. They founded together Mathworks, Inc. in 1980

Mathworks is now responsible for development, sale, and support for MATLAB

MATLAB was rewritten in C with more functionality (such as plotting

routines), and now it contains more than 80,000 functions.

11

The Basic Matlab System

It consists of 5 main parts:

– Development Environment.

– MATLAB Mathematical Function Library.

– MATLAB Language.

– Graphics.

– MATLAB External Interfaces

And finally the MatLab Toolboxes

– Toolboxes are comprehensive collections of MATLAB functions (M-

files) that extend the MATLAB environment to solve particular classes

of problems.

– Areas in which toolboxes are available include signal processing,

control systems, neural networks, communications, wavelets, Data

Acquisition, simulation, and many others.

12

MATLAB Development

Environment & Basic Math

Functions

13

Development Environment

• Run the matlab

14

Development Environment

15

Command Window

History

Work Space

Variables

stores here

All of ur previous

commands

stores here

All commands,

programs runs from

here

Variables

MATLAB variable names must begin with a

letter, which may be followed by any combination

of letters, digits, and underscores. MATLAB

distinguishes between uppercase and lowercase

characters, so A and a are not the same

variable(case sensitive).

When naming a variable, make sure you are not

using a name that is already used as a function

name,begin with character .

Special Values

Function description

Ans Most recent answer (variable). If you do not assign an output variable to an

expression, MATLAB automatically stores the result in ans.

pi 3.1415926535897...

inf Infinity. Calculations like n/0, where n is any nonzero real value, result in

inf.

I,J The imaginary unit √-1

NaN,nan Not-a-Number, an invalid numeric value. Expressions like 0/0 and inf/inf

result in a NaN, as do arithmetic operations involving a NaN. n/0, where n

is complex, also returns NaN.

Special Values

Description Function

Beep sound beep

Maximum real number that can be used realmax

minimum real number that can be used

realmin

Specifies the accuracy of floating point

Precision .

الخطوة بن عددن أو أصغر عدد مكن تعرفه

eps

18

Operators

Arithmetic

– numeric computations, e.g., 2^10

Relational

– quantitative comparison of operands

– e.g., a < b

Logical

– AND, OR, NOT

–return Boolean variable, 1 (TRUE) or 0 (FALSE)

Arithmetic operators

example symbol Operation

3+22 + Addition

54.6-16.5 _ subtraction

3.14*6 * Multiplication

10/100

100\10 / or \ Division

2^8 ^ power

20

Relational Operators

Description

Relational Operator

Less than

<

Less than or equal

<=

Greater than

>

Greater than or equal

>=

Equal to

==

Not equal to

~=

21

Examples

Command Result

5>8 ans=0

A=5<10 A=1

Y=(6<10)+(7>8)+(5*3==60/4) Y=2

B=[15 6 9]; C=[8 20 9];

D=C>=B

D=[0 1 1]

B= =C ans=[0 0 1]

B>6 ans=[1 0 1]

Logical Operators

Logical Operator Description

& Element by element AND

| Element by element OR

~ NOT

&& Scalar AND with short circuiting

|| Scalar OR with short circuiting

Examples

Command Output

3 & 7 ans=1

A=5 | 0 A=1

~25 ans=0

(12 & 0) +(~0)+(0 | 5) ans=2

X=[9 3 0]; Y=[2 0 13] X & Y ans=1 0 0

Z=X | Y Z=1 1 1

Operator Precedence

Precedence Operation

1 (highest) ( )

2 ^

3 ~

4 *, /

5 +, -

6 Relational operations >,<, …

7 &

8 |

Complex functions Description Item

Define a complex number Complex(2,-3)

Absolute value ;|x| Abs(x)

Angle of complex number x Angle(x)

Complex conjugate of x Conj(x)

Imaginary part of a complex number x Imag(x)

Real part of complex number x Real(x)

26

Example

27

Relational and Logical Functions

Function Description

xor(x,y) Exclusive OR

any(x) True if any element is non zero

all(x) True if all elements are non zero

Isequal(x,y) True if arrays are numerically equal

Isfloatpt True for a floating point number

isprime True for a prime number

Example

29

Information About System

30

Information About System

31

Calendar

32

Information About System

33

System and file commands Description Item

Clears command window clc

Remove variables from memory Clear , clear all

Display documentation doc

Checks for existence of file or variable exist

Declares variables to be global global

Display help text in the command window Help

Display help text in the help browser

helpwin

Searches help entries for a keyword lookfor

Stops Matlab Quit or exit

List current variables who

Long display) )List current variables whos 34

How to open file (mspaint.exe)

35

Trigonometric functions(Radian)

Description Item

Inverse cosine Acos(x)

Inverse cotangent Acot(x)

Inverse cosecant Acsc(x)

Inverse secant Asec(x)

Inverse sine Asin(x)

Inverse tangent Atan(x)

Cosine Cos(x)

cotangent Cot(x)

cosecant Csc(x)

Sine Sin(x)

tangent Tan(x)

36

Trigonometric functions(degree)

Description Item

Inverse cosine Acosd(x)

Inverse cotangent Acotd(x)

Inverse cosecant Acscd(x)

Inverse secant Asecd(x)

Inverse sine Asind(x)

Inverse tangent Atand(x)

Cosine Cosd(x)

cotangent Cotd(x)

cosecant Cscd(x)

Sine Sind(x)

tangent Tand(x)

37

Hyperbolic function

Description Item

Inverse cosine Acosh(x)

Inverse cotangent Acoth(x)

Inverse cosecant Acsch(x)

Inverse secant Asech(x)

Inverse sine Asinh(x)

Inverse tangent Atanh(x)

Cosine Cosh(x)

cotangent Coth(x)

cosecant Csch(x)

Sine Sinh(x)

tangent Tanh(x)

38

Mathematical functions item Description

factor التحلل ال العوامل االولة

Primes االولة االقل من ولد قائمة باالعدادx

isprime عدtrue اذا كان العدد اولا

Gcd المشترك االكبر القاسم

lcm المضاعف المشترك االصغر اجاد

Factorial(x) الجاد المضروب

Gamma(x) تابع جاما

Beta(x,y) بتا تابع 39

Examples

40

Example

41

System and file Commands

item Description

cd Change current directory

Date Display current date

dir Lists all files in the current directory

mkdir Used to make new directory

pwd Present work directory

what Lists all matlab files

Clock Display current clock and date 42

Example

43

Exponential functions item Description

exp التابع االس

log اللوغارتم الطبع

log10 10اللوغارتم لالساس

log2 2اللوغارتم لالساس

Sqrt(x) الجذر التربع

nthroot الجذر من المرتبةn

pow2 2^(x)

expm1 Exp(x)-1

log1p Log(x+1)

44

Example

45

Example

46

Erf,erfc,expint,format

47

تابع اجاد الخطأ

تابع اجاد الخطأ المتمم

اجاد التكامل االس

رقم بفاصلة عائمة 15

format

48

ارقام بفاصلة ثابتة 5

ارقام بفاصلة عائمة 5

رقم بفاصلة عائمة 15

الشكل الكسري

الرياضيات في الماتالب

الجاد جذور المعادلة

X^4+2*x^3+4*x+5=0

>>roots([1 2 0 4 5])

والجاد المعادلة بمعرفة الحلول

>>poly([1 2 3 4])

49

Cont.

50

Integration

51

Differentiation

52

Laplace Transform

53

Expand ,conv ,and deconv

54

limit

55

Vector defenition

56

Vector definition

57

Array addressing

58

Array addressing

59

Adding element to vector

60

Vector statistics

61

Max ,min ,

Cont.

63

Linspace , logspace

64

Array Construction

65

Array Construction

66

Array orientation

>> c=[1;2;3;4;5]

c =

1

2

3

4

5

>> c‟ % transpose of c

ans =

1 2 3 4 5

Array orientation

>> s=[1+2i 3-5i 3+4i]

s =

1.0000 + 2.0000i 3.0000 - 5.0000i 3.0000 + 4.0000i

>> f=s‘

f =

1.0000 - 2.0000i

3.0000 + 5.0000i

3.0000 - 4.0000i

>> g=s.‘ dot transpose operator g =

1.0000 + 2.0000i

3.0000 - 5.0000i

3.0000 + 4.0000i

Matrix definition

69

Math.

70

Cont.

71

Mean and Variance

Determine,diagonal,inverse

73

Maximum,minimum

74

Find location of an element

75

برنامج لحساب زاوة خط

X=[1 0 0;0 1 0;0 0 1];

[I,j]=find(x==1);

Length=max(i)-min(i);

Width=max(j)-min(j);

Ang=atand(length/width);

76

Determines matrix elements

d=[ 1 2;4 5; 3 2]

d =

1 2

4 5

3 2

>> d(1,:) %row 1 and all columns

ans =

1 2

>> d(1,2) % row 1 and all column 2

ans =

2

>> d(:,2) %all row and l column 2

ans =

2

5

2

Determines matrix elements

d =

1 2

4 5

3 2

>> d(2:3,:) ans =

4 5

3 2

Add element to matrix

79

Add element to matrix

80

Special Matrix(zeros,ones,magic,eye)

>> f=zeros(3) zeros=false

f =

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

>> g=ones(4) ones=true

g =

1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1

Special Matrix

>> v=zeros(2,3)

v =

0 0 0

0 0 0

>> h=3*ones(2,4)

h =

3 3 3 3

3 3 3 3

Special Matrix

>> eye(3,3)

ans =

1 0 0

0 1 0

0 0 1

True ,false

84

Special matrix(rand,randn,randint)

85

Zero mean

unit variance

Random number

between 0 and 1

Mean2,std2,randint

86

Unique,intersect,setdiff

87

لحذف ما هو مكرر

وترتب النتجة

الحصول عل العناصر

المشتركة بن مصفوفتن

الحصول عل العناصر

وغر 1الموجودة ف

2موجودة ف

Rot90,flipud,fliplr

Matrix operations

89

Example

90

Example

91

Example

92

Example

93

Example

94

Example

95

Add element to matrix

96

Add element to matrix

97

Add element to matrix

98

Reshape,repmat

99

Approximation functions

Floor : rounds value towards negative

infinity

Ceil: rounds value towards positive infinity

Fix: rounds value towards zero

Round: normal approximation

100

Approximation functions

101

Approximation functions

102

Approximation functions

103

Number systems

104

Cont.

105

Character matrix

106

Character matrix

107

Character matrix

108

Tic,toc

109

Multidimensional matrix

110

Cont.

111

Cont.

112

Cont.

113

Introduction to signal and image processing

114

Reading image

>> x=imread('C:\Program

Files\MATLAB\R2007a\toolbox\images\imd

emos\cameraman.tif');

>>y=imread('cameraman.tif');

>> imshow(y)

115

Image show

116

Operations on image

117

Operations on image

>> diag(y);

>> trace(y)

ans =

27029

>> imshow(flipud(y))

>>imresize(y,[128 128]);

118

Figure(2)

119

120

>>imshow(fliplr(y));

Edge detection

121

Cont.

122

Cont.

123

Color image,imwrite

124

imwrite

imwrite(z,'amr.jpg')

imwrite(y,„d:\amr2.jpg')

125

Reading and writing sound

>>[y,fs]=wavread('C:\WINDOWS\Media\chi

mes.wav');

>>Help auread

>> soundsc(y) or wavplay(y,fs)

>>size(y)

>>wavwrite(y,‟c:\aa.wav‟) or auwrite

نأخذ جزء من الصوت ونتعامل معه<<

126

Operation on sound

127

Video read

128

Cont.

129

Flow Control

MATLAB has several flow control constructs:

For loop.

If statement.

Switch and case.

While.

Continue.

Break.

Try – catch.

Return.

For Loop

for x = array

(commands)

end

The (commands) are executed once for

every column in array

At each iteration, x is assigned to the next

column of the array

Example

For i=1:10

i

end

i≤10 نفذ طالما

132

Example

for i=1:10

disp(i)

end

بجانب كل قمةI ال عرض كلمة

133

Example♣♣

disp(„the numbers from 1 to 10 are:‟)

for i=1:10

disp(i)

end

134

Factorial

n=5;

f=1;

for i=2: n

f=f*i;

end

disp(f)

135

1:5إلجاد مجموع األعداد من ◄

n=5

s=0

for i=1: n

s=s+i;

end

disp(s)

136

1:5إلجاد مجموع مربعات األعداد من ◄

n=5

s=0

for i=1: n

s=s+i^2;

end

disp(s)

137

1:5إلجاد جذور األعداد من ◄

n=5;

for i=1: n

disp(sqrt(i))

end

138

Example

n=5

disp(„number square root‟)

disp(„ „)

for i=1: n

AA=sqrt(I);

disp([ I AA ])

لعرض مجموعة من المتغرات

End

139

Example

N=10

12/1! + 22/2!+………..+n2/n!

اإلشارة ثابتة

12/1! -22/2!+…-……..+n2/n!

اإلشارة متغرة

140

Example

n=5;

fact=1;

Sum=0;

For I=1:n

fact=fact*I;

T=(I^2)/fact;

sum=sum+ T;

End

Disp(sum) 141

Example

ملحوظة◄

لعمل إشارة أحد الحدود موجب واآلخر سالب

(-1) i+1

Fact=-1

Fact= - fact *i

142

Example

n=input („enter any integer‟);

Sum =0;

For i=1: n

Sum=sum+i

End

Disp(sum);

143

Example

What is your name?

How old are you?

age, nameطبع

144

Example

Nam=input („what is your name?‟ , ‟s‟);

character حتوي علىstring

Age=input („how old are you?‟);

Disp(nam)

Disp(age)

145

Note

:ملحوظة

\لك ترك سطر نستخدم عالمة

\\نستخدم عالمة backslashولك طبع

بجانب بعضهم name ,ageولطبع

Disp ([x, y]);

x, yإما أن كون ⤾

String or numأي جب أن كونا من نفس النوع

Disp ([nam, num2str (age)]);

146

Example

5اطبع مجموع األعداد التى تقبل القسمة على

sum=0;

For i=0:5:100

sum=sum+I;

end

Disp(sum)

147

Nested Loops

for n=1:5

for m=5:-1:1

A(n,m)=n^2+m^2;

end

end

A =

2 5 10 17 26

5 8 13 20 29

10 13 18 25 34

17 20 25 32 41

26 29 34 41 50

3x3 Mean filter

149

While Loops

while expression

(commands)

end

Commands are executed as long as all elements in expression are true.

Usually evaluation of expression gives scalar

–In case of array all elements must be true

Example

while x<=15

x=2*x;

end

Be careful and try to avoid infinite loops!

To stop the execution of an infinite loop use Ctrl+C

x =3

x =24

If-End Structure

if expression

(commands)

end

The (commands) are evaluated if all

elements in expression are true (nonzero)

If-Else-End Structure

if (expression)

(commands evaluated if true)

else

(commands evaluated if false)

end

Flow control - selection

The if-elseif-else construction

if <logical expression>

<commands>

elseif <logical expression>

<commands>

else

<commands>

end

if height>170

disp(’tall’)

elseif height<150

disp(’small’)

else

disp(’average’)

end

Example

X=input ('enter any value');

If (x>0) disp ('positive');

End

IF (x<0) disp ('negative');

End

endب matlab ال غلق برنامج ال

155

Example

iF (x>0) disp ('positive');

else if (x<0) disp ('negative');

else

disp ('zero');

End

وجد دالة جاهزة تقوم بنفس الوظفة:ملحوظة

sign

156

Example

x,yأدخل قمة

x,yام ال ونطبع yاكبر من x ونحدد هل

X is greater than y

X is lower than y

X is equal to y

157

Example

158

Example

5لطباعة األعداد التى ال تقبل القسمة على

For i=0:100

If (rem(I,5)~=0)

disp(i);

End

End

159

برنامج الجاد جذور معادلة تربعة

Disp.→this program is used to solve the quadratic eqn

Disp→ Ax2+Bx+c=0

a=input→enter the value of A:___

b=input→enter the value of B:___

c=input→ enter the value of C:___

D=B2- 4AC

• X1=x2=-b/2a X1= (-B+sqrt (d))/ (2*a))

X2= (-B-sqrt (d) )/ (2*a))

160

0 Non zero

Program

161

Example

X=floor (rand*6) +1;

If (x==1) disp ('that is 1');

Else if (x==2) disp ('that is 2');

Else if (x==3) disp ('that is 3');

Else if (x==4) disp ('that is 4');

Else if (x==5) disp ('that is 5');

Else disp ('that is 6');

Or else if (x==6) disp ('that is 6'); end

162

برنامج درجات الطالب

163

Example

apples=10;

cost=apples*25;

if apples > 5

cost=(1 -20/100)*cost % 20% discount

end

Switch-Case Construction

switch expression

case test_expression1

(commands1)

case {test_expression2, test_expression3}

(commands2)

otherwise

(commands 3)

end

Example

method = 'Bilinear'; switch (method) case 'linear' disp('Method is linear') case 'cubic' disp('Method is cubic') otherwise disp('Unknown method.') end Method is Unknown method

multiple casesفى حالة switchباستخدام

X=floor (rand*6)+1;

Switch x → expression or variable مكن أن كون

Case 1

Disp ('that is 1');

Case 2

Disp ('that is 2');

Case 3

Disp ('that is 3');

Case 4

Disp ('that is 4');

Case 5

Disp ('that is 5');

Case 6

Disp ('that is 6');

Or

Otherwise

Disp ('that is 6'); End

167

Program

168

Example

لحساب أكثر من حالة مع بعض

X=floor (rand*6)+1;

1-if (x==1 | x==2 | x==3)

2-if (1<=x<=3)

3-case {1,2,3}

disp ('from 1 to 3')

case {4,5}

disp ('4 or 5')

case 6 / otherwise

disp (that is 6');

end

169

Program

170

Program

171

passwordبرنامج لعمل

172

Another solution

173

Another solution

174

program

ف 3المطلوب ف البرنامج السابق جعل عدد المحاوالت

.حالة كلمة السر الخطأ وواحدة ف حالة الكلمة الصححة

175

program

176

while

177

Fprintf,save,load,uisave

178

لحساب الوقت المستغرق لتنفذ برنامج

179

program

Enter the no. of student=n

Vector (x)

Average = mean (x)

The first = max (x) الطالب األول

The last = min (x) الطالب األخر

180

program

181

Example

A=[2 3;0 4];

B=[-5 7;10 2];

Display

1-add a to b

2-max value of a

3-Diag of b

4-exit

182

program

183

program

184

Another solution

185

الدخال عناصر مصفوفة

Enter the number of raws

Enter the number of column

Enter the values

186

program

187

Security program

0 5 0 1

2 3 4 6

0 10 15 20

1 8 0 2

3 5 0 1

2 3 4 6

188

program

189

Matlab simulink

190

simulink

191

simulink

192

Example

193

simulink

194

Cont.

195

196

197

Example 2

198

Cont.

199

Cont.

200

Cont.

201

Cont.

202

Cont.

203

Cont.

204

Cont.

205

Simulink Power Window Controller Hybrid System Model

206

Filtered QPSK vs. MSK

207

Cont.

208

AM DSB_SC modulation

209

Scope

210

Image processing example

211

o/p video viewer

212

Simple power model

213

Cont.

214

Scop

215

Simple models(simpower system)

216

Power electronic models(simpower sys)

217

Graphical User Interface

218

Start Guide

219

Example

220

Property Inspector

221

Figure

222

Call backs

223

Call Backs

224

Project 2

225

Example 2

226

Example

227

Open file

228

Pop up menu

229

Edit button

230

Push button

231

Program 3

232

Am modulation

233

Operation

234

Pop up menu

235

Carr_freq

236

Sampling_freq

237

Am_mod

238

Import data

239

Code

% --- Executes on button press in put.

function put_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)

% hObject handle to put (see GCBO)

% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of

MATLAB

% handles structure with handles and user data (see

GUIDATA)

distor=200;

set(handles.edit1,'String',distor);

240

Calculator program

241

Calculator program2

242

243

244

حل المعادلة التربعة

245

Menu editor

246

برنامج عرض صورة الوان وابض واسود

247

برنامج كلمة المرور

248

Visible property

249

Code

250

Open , save (menu items)

251

البرامج الجاهزة

252

Funtool

253

تحدد مركز الهزة االرضة

254

رسم اشارة وتصمم المرشح المرغوب به

255

Analog modulation

256

RLC demo

257

Neural network tool

258

nftool

259

nprtool

260

Wavelet transform

261

sigdemo1

262

Filter design tool

263

xpsound

264

querybuilder

265

Gui to exe))deploytool

266

phone

267

nndtoc

268

nctool

269

Dialog box

270

helpdlg

271

Input dialoge

272

Message box

273

Color question

274

Warning dialog

275

Wait bar

276

List dialog

d = dir;

str = {d.name};

[s,v] = listdlg('PromptString','Select a file:',...

'SelectionMode','single',...'ListString',str)

277

List dialog

smpl_length={'20','25','30','100','200','500'};

entry2=listdlg('name','input for sample

lengths','promptstring',...

'enter sample length

values','liststring',smpl_length);

278

Cont.

279

Uigetfile

280

uisave

281

uiopen('figure')

282

[file,path] = uiputfile('animinit.m','Save file name');

283

Graphics

284

Sine wave

285

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

Program 2

286

Figure

287

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 40

1

2

3

4

5

6

Program 3

288

figure

289

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 40

1

2

3

4

5

6aaaaaaa

time

dist

ance

Program 4

290

figure

291

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 40

1

2

3

4

5

6aaaaaaa

time

dist

ance

xxxx

move with mouse

Program 5

292

figure

293

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

Program 6

294

Figure

295

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Program 6

296

الرسم بإستخدام االحداثات الدائرة

297

figure

298

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

30

210

60

240

90

270

120

300

150

330

180 0

Program 7

299

Program 8

300

Figuer

301

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Program 9

302

figure

303

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100

50

100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100

0.5

1

Program 10

304

Program 11

305

Program 12

306

Figure

307

0 2 4 6 8-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

0 2 4 6 8-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

0 2 4 6 8-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

-5 0 5 10-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

Program

308

Figure

309

0 2 4 6 8-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1number one

0 2 4 6 8-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1number two

0 2 4 6 8-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1number three

-5 0 5 10-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1number four

ezplot

310

-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

x

sin(x)

cont

311

-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

x

sin(x)2

312

-5 0 5

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

x

4 x2

-5 0 5

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

x

8 x

-5 0 57

7.2

7.4

7.6

7.8

8

8.2

8.4

8.6

8.8

9

x

8

-5 0 5-1

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

x

0

Graphics 3d

313

Figure

314

00.2

0.40.6

0.81

00.2

0.40.6

0.810

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

x axisy axis

z label

program

[X,Y] = meshgrid(-2:.2:2, -2:.2:2);

Z = X .* exp(-X.^2 - Y.^2);

surf(X,Y,Z)

315

figure

316

-2

-1

0

1

2

-2

-1

0

1

2-0.5

0

0.5

program

[X,Y] = meshgrid(-2:.2:2, -2:.2:2);

Z = X .* exp(-X.^2 - Y.^2);

subplot(221)

mesh(Z)

subplot(222)

mesh(Z)

view(-37.5,70)

subplot(223)

mesh(Z)

view(-37.5,10)

subplot(224)

mesh(Z)

view(0,0)

317

figure

318

020

40

0

20

40-0.5

0

0.5

0

20

40

0

10

20

30-0.5

00.5

0 20 400

2040

-0.5

0

0.5

0 10 20 30-0.5

0

0.5

sphere

319

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

Sphere(40)

320

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

mesh

[x,y,z]=sphere(40);

Mesh(x,y,z)

321

Figure

322

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

cylinder

323

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

10

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

Cylinder(r,n)

324

-5

0

5

-5

0

50

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

program

[x,y,z]=cylinder(5,30);

Mesh(x,y,z)

325

figure

326

-5

0

5

-5

0

50

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

program

t = 0:pi/50:10*pi;

plot3(sin(t),cos(t),t,‟r‟);

Grid;axis square

327

figure

328

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

0

10

20

30

40

Pie,pie3

Subplot(211)

pie([1 2 3 5],{'North','South','East','West'})

Subplot(212)

pie3([2 4 3 5],[0 1 1 0],{'North','South','East','West'})

329

figure

330

North

South

East

West

East

West

South

North

program

331

figure

332

1 1.5 2 2.5 34

5

6

7

0 0.5 10

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

0 0.5 10

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

0 0.5 10

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

program

333

rectangle('Position',[0.59,0.35,3.75,1.37],...

'Curvature',[0.8,0.4 ],...

'LineWidth',2,'LineStyle','--')

figure

334

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.50.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

program

rectangle('Position',[0.59,0.35,3.75,1.37],...

'Curvature',[0 0],...

'LineWidth',2,'LineStyle','--')

335

figure

336

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.50.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

program

clf;close all;clear all;

rectangle('Position',[0.59,0.35,3.75,1.37],...

'Curvature',[1 1],...

'LineWidth',2,'LineStyle','--')

337

Figure

338

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.50.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

program

clf;close all;clear all;

rectangle('Position',[0.59,0.35,3.75,1.37],...

'Curvature',[1 1],...

'facecolor','g')

339

figure

340

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.50.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

program

341

Figure

342

02

46

810

0

5

100

2

4

6

8

10

program

343

Figure

344

020

40

0

20

40-0.5

0

0.5

0

20

40

0

10

20

30-0.5

00.5

0 20 400

2040

-0.5

0

0.5

0 10 20 30-0.5

0

0.5

program

345

Figure

346

05

1015

2025

0

10

20

30-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

Draw circles

347

Result

348

PROGRAM

المطلوب هو عمل برنامج لوضع االسم والدرجة والتقدر

كل واحدة ف مصفوفة وعرضهم

349

350

functions

Main program

for i=1:10

disp(i)

s(i)

end

Function s(i)

for k=1:i

fprintf(„*‟)

end

fprintf(„ „) 351