Introduction to Information Technology Department of Industrial Engineering Institut Teknologi Nasional Bandung - 2014
Dec 18, 2015
Introduction to
Information Technology
Department of Industrial Engineering
Institut Teknologi Nasional
Bandung - 2014
What is information technology?
: the technology involving the development, maintenance, and use of computer systems, software, and networks for the processing and distribution of data. [Merriam-Webster Dictionary]
: processing of data via computer; the use of technologies from computing, electronics, and telecommunications to process and distribute information in digital and other forms. [Microsoft Encarta Dictionary 2006]
Extension of IT to ICT
Sometimes the term IT is extended to ICT:
Information Technology (IT)
+
integrated (tele)communication
=
Information and Communication Technology
(ICT)
What is computer?
: electronic device that can receive a set of instructions, or program, and then carry out this program by performing calculations on numerical data or by manipulating other forms of information. [Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia 2006]
History of computer and IT
Abacus: an old calculation tool
(Sumerian abacus
History of computer and IT
Charles Babages difference engine (1820s) and then analytical engine (1830s)
Blaise Pascals mechanical calculator (1642)
History of computer and IT
IBM punched card
Accounting Machine (1936)
Punched card: discrete data
storage since 1800s [Microsoft Encarata Encyclopedia 2006]
History of computer and IT
ENIAC (Electronic Numerator Integrator and Computer): first
generation digital computer (1946) [Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia 2006]
History of computer and IT
IBM Mainframe Computers (1970s)
History of computer and IT
IBM PC (1970/1980)
Apple I PC (1976)
Personal Computers (PC)
First Apple Macintosh PC
(1984)
History of computer and IT
Now, the micro-world: notebooks, tablets, and smartphones
History of computer and IT
Now, the meso-world: servers and server-room
History of computer and IT
Now, the macro-world: the internet, world-wide web, and cloud
computing
History of computer and IT
Now, the giants: supercomputers for the purpose of highly-
complex scientific computing (e.g. nuclear simulation, etc.)
Blue Gene/P supercomputer
with 250,000 parallel processors
Cray-2 supercomputer
Three core aspects of computer
Hardware
Software
Peopleware
Hardware
Hardware is the tangible components Input devices: keyboard, mouse, scanner, etc.
Processor and the mainboard.
Storage devices: hard-disk, CD/DVD, flash-disk, etc.
Output devices: screen, printer, speaker, etc.
Data communication devices: modem, hub/switch, wireless access point, etc.
Hardware
Interaction of hardwares in a computer system [Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia 2006]
Hardware This is CPU (Central Processing Unit)
or microprocessor
This is not CPU, but the CPU is inside it.
What should we name this thing? :)
Software
Software is a set of instructions, programmed to the hardware.
Operating system: basic program to enable the use of the hardware
Application: specific program to perform one or more tasks
Software development application: application for developing other application, by using a programming language
Software
Example:
Operating system: Windows, Linux, UNIX, iOS, Android, etc.
Application: Windows Media Player, Calculator, Microsoft Office, Acrobat Reader, etc.
Programming Language: Java, Visual Basic, C++, C#, etc.
Software development application: Microsoft Visual Basic.Net, Sun Java Developer, etc.
Peopleware
Peopleware (or brainware) is the people related to the computer Programmer: the one who develops the
software Operator: the one who uses application System analyst & designer: the one who
analyzes a problem and proposes computing solution to the problem
System administrator: the one who takes responsibility for the computers system
IT in Industrial Engineering
Industrial engineering is concerned with the design, improvement and installation of integrated systems of people, materials, information, equipments, and energy. [Institute of Industrial Engineers]
IT in Industrial Engineering
From the interviews by Institute of Industrial Engineers (IIE) SOLUTIONS magazine, in January 1999:
30 ways to be a better Industrial Engineers: 1. 2. ... 16. Master Microsoft Excel! 17. ... 30.
IT in Industrial Engineering
ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) system: the
information integration of the whole enterprise
IT in Industrial Engineering
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is an integrated information system that serves all
departments within an enterprise.
An ERP system can include software for:
manufacturing order entry sales accounting and finance purchasing warehousing distribution and transportation human resources etc.
IT in Industrial Engineering
Some major ERP vendors and the softwares:
SAP: SAP Business Suite, SAP ERP
Oracle: Oracle E-Business Suite
Microsoft: Microsoft Dynamics
IT in Industrial Engineering
CAD/CAM (Computer Aided-Design and Manufacturing) software: the
computer-assisted mechanical design and the integration to
manufacturing processes
IT in Industrial Engineering
Computer simulation: one of the most widely used
industrial engineering tools