Introduction to green chemistry

Presented by- Musale Baliram S. M. Pharmacy (Pharmaceutics)

Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , RTMNU Nagpur.

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Green Chemistry is the utilization of a set of principles that reduces or eliminates the use or generation of hazardous substances in the design, manufacture and application of chemical products .

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Green Chemistry Is About

Waste

Material

Hazard

Risk

Energy

Cost

Chemistry is undeniably a very prominent part of our daily lives.

Chemical developments also bring new environmental problems and harmful unexpected side effects, which result in the need for ‘greener’ chemical products.

A famous example is the pesticide DDT.

The Green Chemistry program supports the invention of more environmentally friendly chemical processes which reduce or even eliminate the generation of hazardous substances.

This program works very closely with the twelve principles of Green Chemistry.

“It is better to prevent waste than to treat or clean up waste after it is formed”

» Atom Economy Synthetic methods should be

designed to maximize the incorporation of all the materials used in the process into the final product.

» Less Hazardous Chemical Synthesis

Wherever practicable, synthetic methods should be designed to use and generate substances that possess little or no toxicity to people or the environment.

Designing Safer Chemicals Chemical products should be

designed to effect their desired function while minimizing their toxicity.

 Safer Solvents and Auxiliaries The use of auxiliary substances (e.g.,

solvents or separation agents) should not be made unnecessary whenever possible and innocuous when used.

 Design for Energy Efficiency Energy requirements of chemical

processes should be recognized for their environmental and economic impacts and should be minimized. If possible, synthetic methods should be conducted at ambient temperature and pressure.

Use of Renewable Feedstocks

A raw material or feedstock should be renewable rather than depleting whenever technically and economically practicable.

Reduce Derivatives

Unnecessary derivatization (use of blocking groups, protection/de-protection, and temporary modification of physical/chemical processes) should be minimized or avoided if possible, because such steps require additional reagents and can generate waste.

Catalysis

Catalytic reagents (as selective as possible) are superior to stoichiometric reagents.

Design for Degradation Chemical products should be

designed so that at the end of their function they break down into innocuous degradation products and do not persist in the environment.

Real-time Analysis for Pollution Prevention Analytical methodologies need to

be further developed to allow for real-time, in-process monitoring and control prior to the formation of hazardous substances.

Inherently Safer Chemistry for Accident Prevention Substances and the form of a

substance used in a chemical process should be chosen to minimise the potential for chemical accidents, including releases, explosions, and fires.

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Saving EnergyMinimum Global

ChangesMinimize the

Depletion of ResourcesFood SupplyReleasing Non-Toxic in the Environment

The major uses of GREEN CHEMISTRY

1.Saving Energy Green Chemistry will be essential

in Developing the alternatives for energy generation (photovoltaic's, hydrogen, fuel cells, biogases fuels, etc.)

WHAT IS HYDROGEN ECONOMY ?The hydrogen economy describes a system in which our energy needs are predominantly met by hydrogen, rather than fossil fuels. This type of economy would rely on renewable resources in the form of hydrogen gas and water, drastically changing pollution , electricity sources, infrastructure, engines, and international trade, without impacting our quality of life. In a hydrogen economy, vehicles like cars and airplanes use hydrogen fuel cells for power, rather than petroleum distillates.

USES OF HYDROGEN Hydrogen is a very useful gas.

1) It is used as a fuel2) It makes ammonia, NH4

3) It is used to make plastic (PV)

4) It also turns liquid vegetable oils into margarine (vegetable ghee)

Hydrogen Gas filling in Car

ADVANTAGES OF HYDROGEN

•Waste product of burning H2 is water.

•Elimination of fossil fuel pollution.

•Elimination of greenhouse gases.

•Elimination of economic dependence.

2.Resource Depletion

Due to the over utilization of non-renewable resources, natural resources are being depleted at an unsustainable rate.

Fossil fuels are a central issue.

Minimize the Depletion of Resources

Renewable resources can be made increasingly viable technologically and economically through green chemistry. Biomass Nano science & technology Solar Energy Carbon dioxide Waste utilization

3.Minimum Global Changes

Concerns for climate change, oceanic temperature, and global distillation can be addressed through the development and implementation of green chemistry technologies.

4.Food Supply While current food levels are sufficient, but

the distribution is inadequate Agricultural methods are unsustainable Future food production intensity is needed. Green chemistry can address many food

supply issues

Green chemistry is developing:Pesticides which only

affect target organisms and degrade to innocuous by-products.

Fertilizers and fertilizer adjuvant that are designed to minimize usage while maximizing effectiveness.

Methods of using agricultural wastes for beneficial and profitable uses.

5. Releasing Non-Toxics in the Environment

Substances that are toxic to humans, the biosphere and all that sustains it, are currently still being released at a cost of life, health and sustainability.

One of green chemistry’s greatest strengths is the ability to design for reduced hazard.

Business benefits of green chemistry include: improved resource efficiency and lower raw material and utility bills

Reduced waste treatment and disposal costs.

Ability to capitalize on the environmental technology marketplace by designing new, 'greener' products

Improved health and safety for staff and customers

Environmental benefits include: fewer raw materials and natural resources used.

Lower levels of chemicals released to the environment

Cleaner production technologiesReduced emissions and product

impacts

DRY CLEANING OF CLOTHES Tetra chloroethene(C2Cl2) was earlier

used as solvent for dry cleaning but these compound contaminates the ground water and suspected carcinogen.

The process using this compound is now being replaced by a process where liquefied carbon dioxide with a suitable detergent is used .

Replacement of halogenated solvent by liquid Carbon dioxide (CO2) will result in less harm to ground water .

BLEACHING OF PAPERChlorine gas was used

earlier for bleaching of paper .

These days hydrogen peroxide with suitable catalyst which promotes the bleaching action of hydrogen peroxide is used .

SYNTHESIS OF CHEMICALS

Ethanol (CH3CHO) is now commercially prepared by one step oxidation of Ethene in the presence of ionic catalyst in aqueous medium with a yield of 90%