Introduction to git

Code management problems and VCS review.

Introduction to git.

Aleksey Asiutin

Old good version control system

Working on the website

index.htm

Collaboration

index.html

“Our team” HTML page

Austin Powers came into the play

File changes

Add James Bond

File changes

Dr. Evil is bad

Dr. Evil is good

Merge problem

File changes history

File changes history

VCS Features

● Backup and Recovery● Team Collaboration and Synchronization● History Log● Nonlinear Project Flow● Find a Guy to Blame :)

VCS

CVS

Subversion

mercurial

git

SourceSafe

Centralized VCS

Distributed VCS

Classic VCS working scheme

How git works with files

git install

http://git-scm.com/downloads

git configuration

Current repository configsgit action [arguments]

Current user global configsgit config --global user.name aasiutingit config --global user.email [email protected]

view all git configuration variablesgit config --list

git commands structure

general command structuregit action [arguments]

getting helpgit helpgit help <action>

Initialize git repositorygit init

Initialized empty Git repository in

/Users/spu/mygithub/.git/

Clone remote git repository

git clone \ https://github.com/aasiutin/twitter-

api-php.git

cloning into 'twitter-api-php'...

remote: Counting objects: 24, done.

remote: Compressing objects: 100% (16/16), done.

remote: Total 24 (delta 3), reused 21 (delta 2)

Unpacking objects: 100% (24/24), done.

File status Lifecycle

Check git statusgit status

# On branch master

nothing to commit (working directory

clean)

Add README, check git statusgit status

# On branch master

# Untracked files:

# (use "git add <file>..." to include in what

will be committed)

#

# README

nothing added to commit but untracked files

present (use "git add" to track)

Start tracking filesgit add README

$ git status

# On branch master

# Changes to be committed:

# (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)

#

# new file: README

git add use casesgit add file1 file2 [file3 ...] #add list of files

git add *.txt #add all txt files in current directory

git add docs/*.txt #add all txt files in docs directory

git add docs/ #add all files in docs directory

git add "*.txt" #add all txt files in the whole project

git add --all #add all files

modify tracked files$ git status# On branch master# Changes to be committed:# (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)## new file: README## Changed but not updated:# (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)## modified: README

Commit changes to git$ git commit

# Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting# with '#' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit.# On branch master# Changes to be committed:# (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)## modified: README~~~".git/COMMIT_EDITMSG" 10L, 283C

$ git config --global core.editor [editor]

$ git commit -a -m “Commit message goes here”

Commit changes to git (2)$ git commit -m "Message goes here"

[master]: created 463dc4f: "Message goes here" 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-) create mode 100644 README

Deleting and moving files$ git rm [filename]rm “[filename]”

$ git rm -f [filename] #remove changed file

$ git rm --cached [filename] #remove only from git, but not from filesystem

$ git mv old-name new-name #rename/move file

$ mv old-name new-name$ git rm oldname$ git add new-name

Undo changes$ git commit --amend #modify last commit

$ git reset HEAD [filename] #unstage file, keep changes

$ git checkout HEAD -- [filename] #discard all file changes and return last commit file state

Ignoring files$ cat .gitignore# a comment - this is ignored*.a # no .a files

!lib.a # but do track lib.a, even though# you're ignoring .a files above

/TODO # only ignore the root TODO file, not# subdir/TODO

build/ # ignore all files in the build/# directorydoc/*.txt # ignore doc/notes.txt, but not# doc/server/arch.txt

View changes and commit history$ git diff #view unstaged changes$ git diff --staged #view staged changes

$ git log #view commit history-p--stat--graph--pretty=oneline|short|full|fuller|format--since--untill--before--after

$ git log --pretty=format:”%h - %an” --before=”2 days ago” --after=”2013-04-25”