An Introduction To Some New Era Fields Part _ 2B Presented By: Atiqa Ijaz Khan
May 20, 2015
An Introduction To Some New Era FieldsPart _ 2B
Presented By: Atiqa Ijaz Khan
Wednesday, April 12, 2023PIAIP_NESPAK 2
PART – 02B
Photogrammetry + Surveying +GPS + Geomatics
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SurveyingIntroduction to Basics
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Introduction To Surveying
Surveying is inter-changeably called “GEOMATICS”. BUT, ‘Geomatics’ is a Major Field! So surveying, by definition stands out:
The science, art, ad technology of determining the relative positions of points, Above, On, Below the Surface of the Earth.
The discipline which compromises all methods for measuring and collecting all of the information about the physical earth.
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Types of Surveying
Types
of
Surv
eyin
g
By purpose
Engineering To choose locations
TopographyRecording all features on
landBy Scale
By Measurements
taken
Triangulations By Angles
Traversing By Bearing and Distances
By Equipment used
Tape Compass
Total Station Spatial Station
EDM Theodolite
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Mapping Scales
• High Details• Small area
• 1:24,00 or larger
Large Scale
• Average• 1:24,00 – 120,000
Medium Scale
• Less Details• Large area• 1:120,000 or smaller
Small Scale
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Methods for Surveying
Meth
od
s fo
r S
urv
eyin
g Aerial Way-out Satellite imaging
Accurate
Economical
Large area coverage
Ground Verification
For establishment of
Control and check
Small area coverage
Large scale mapping
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PhotogrammetryIntroduction to Basic
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Introduction
The science and art of obtaining reliable information by the means of photographs.
Information about 2D and 3D objects without in contact.
Are
a o
f S
peci
aliz
ati
on
Metric
Applied over spatial data
Distance, elevation, area, volume etc.
Interpretative
Related to RS
Classifying objects on basis of shape, size, patterns, shadows,
etc.
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Evolution of Photogrammetry
Serial No. Level of Generation Year Range Difference
01. 1st Generation 1850-1900 Invention of photography
02. Analog 1900-2000 Invention of Planes
03. Analytical 1950-2000 Invention of Cameras
04. Digital 1970-till now Invention of CCD, LIDAR, X-Ray
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End Lap And Side Lap
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Workflow
Capture Images
Determine camera orientations
Generate DTMs & 3D Images (if required)
Analyse data: calculate volumes, digitize vector data, etc.
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Global Positioning SystemGPS Intro
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THREE PARTS OF GPS
Space segment
Control segment
User/Ground segment
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Control Segment
Space Segment
User Segment
THREE
SEGMENTS
OF
THE
GPS
THREE
SEGMENTS
OF
THE
GPS
Monitor Stations
GroundAntennas
Master Station
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Kwajalein Atoll
US Space Command
Control
Segment
Control
Segment
Hawaii
Ascension Is.
Diego Garcia
Cape Canaveral
Ground AntennaMaster Control Station Monitor Station
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WORKING OF GPS
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11,000 miles
11,000 miles
11,000 miles
11,000 miles
SOURCES OF ERRORS
INGPS READINGS
ANDMEASUREMENTS
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GPS Fun and Facts
Categories Facts Categories Facts
Developed By US Dpt. of Defense (DoD) Developing Year 1993
Operational Active Total No. Of Satellites 31
Constellation Satellites 24-27 Signal Speed Speed of light (3x10⁵ km)
Time Period 12 hours Inclination 55 degrees
Precision 30m-0.5m Manufacturers Trimble Navigation Ltd., Motorola Solutions, etc.
Altitude 20,200 km Estimated Cost 24 Billion US Dollars
Follow Sidereal Day 24h 56m 4s Types DGPS , A-GPS
Bands L1 and L2 now L5 Frequencies (MHz) 1575.42 , 1227.60 , 1176.45
Services SPS , PPS Codes C/A , P
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GeomaticsIntroduction to Basics
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Definition
It is the discipline of gathering, storing, processing, and delivering Geographic information, or Spatially referenced information.
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While in Geomatics, we go for all those type of the disciplines that deals with the measurements of the geo-data, like geodesy, surveying, photogrammetry, GPS etc.
A more specialized field.
It deals with the acquisition of the data along with modeling, and all other GIS stuff.
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THE END
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REFERENCES
1. Using Geographic Information System (GIS) to Manage Civil Engineering Projects By Asmaa Abdul Jabbar
2. Longley et al (2005) Geographic Information Systems and Science. 2nd Edition. John Wiley and Sons Ltd. (Chapter 14, pages 317-319)
3. www.esri.com/engineering4. http://webhelp.esri.com/arcpad/8.0/userguide/index.htm#capture_devices/
concept_intro.htm
Special AcknowledgementIndustrial partners: ESRI, Danish Hydraulic Institute, Camp, Dresser and McKee, Dodson and AssociatesGovernment partners:
Federal: EPA, USGS, Corps of Engineers (Hydrologic Engineering Center)State: Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission, Texas Water Development
BoardLocal: Lower Colorado River Authority, City of Austin, Dept. of Watershed Protection
Academic Partners: University of Texas, Brigham Young University, Utah State University
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Any Quires