Geospatial Innovation Facility College of Natural Resources - UC Berkeley Introduction to Geographic Information Systems (GIS): Environmental Science Focus September 9, 2013 Instructor: Kevin Koy ([email protected]) http://gif.berkeley.edu We will begin at 9:10 AM. Login info: Username: !cnrguest Password: goCal_Bears Domain: CAMPUS Geospatial Informatics Internet Spatial Analysis Remote Sensing GIS Visualization GPS Supporting… • research, • management, and • outreach in the natural & social sciences. What the GIF does… Map & Poster Printing Support & Consulting WebGIS Development & Support GPS Rental Geospatial Data & Database Services Training & Workshops
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Geospatial Innovation FacilityCollege of Natural Resources - UC Berkeley
Introduction toGeographic Information Systems (GIS):Environmental Science FocusSeptember 9, 2013
• Entry, editing, storage, query and retrieval, transformation, manipulation, analysis, and display of geospatial data.
• Key point: All data in a GIS is georeferenced, i.e. located by means of geographical coordinates with respect to some reference system (usally bound to the Earth)
• The spatial aspects of an environment…(e.g. location, amount, distance, adjacency, isolation,
fragmentation, pattern)
…impact ecological/human/environmental function.
GISGeographic Information Systems
Image credit: ESRI
Hydrology Analysis
With only an elevation dataset (DEM), you can compute multiple layers, including…
– Slope
– Aspect
– Streams
– Watersheds
– And more!
… all of which can be used for input into modeling, regression, spatial statistics and other GIS hydrological analysis.
Interpolation
• Take your field data, such as:– Presence/absence data,
– Soil moisture data, or
– Ozone data;
• Interpolate surface for use with modeling;
Image credit: ESRI
Public Policy Analysis
• Number of households in poverty, by census tract.
with
• Average family size
Public Policy Analysis
• Amount of households owned
…and rented.
• Average household size
• Population in 2000
Transportation Analysis
• Using the Network Analyst extension, one can measure:– Fastest/optimal/efficient route
– Areas that are x distance along roads
– Distance x along roads
Image credit: ESRI
Land Cover % CanopyElevation
Deciduous Forest
< 1000 m15–45%
Suitable Area
Eld’s deer habitat suitability analysis
LandScan
Final Layer
Further Manipulations
Suitable area smoothed with a 5x5 neighborhood function
Patches with less than 25 km2 eliminated
Landscan data used to eliminate heavily populated areas
Suitable AreaExcluded patches outside study area
495 Patches
914 Patches
WCS/SI ExpeditionMay, 2002
Cartographic Layout
Wildlife trade in Vietnam Yellowstone to Yukon
GIS Data Types
• Vector– Shapefile
– Coverage
• Raster– Grid
– Images
GIS Data> Vector
> Shapefile
• Features: points, lines & polygons
• Attributes: size, type, length, etc.
• How shapefiles look in ArcCatalog
• How shapefiles look in windows explorer
GIS Data> Vector
> Shapefile
• Represented in pixels, or cells
• Continuous– Examples
> Raw imagery
> Elevation – “Digital Elevation Models”
> Precipitation
> Temperature
• Thematic– Examples
> Vegetation type
> Habitat type
> Soil map (if represented in raster)
Raw imagery - Continuous Elevation - Continuous Vegetation Type - Thematic