INTRODUCTION TO FLORAL DESIGN
INTRODUCTION TO FLORAL DESIGN
OBJECTIVES• Define florist
• Identify occasions for which floral products are purchased
• Identify products and services florists provide
• Explain the function of different types of florists
WHAT IS A FLORIST?
• A florist is a person or a business dealing with arranging and merchandising flowers and floral products.
FOR WHAT OCCASIONS DO PEOPLE PURCHASE
FLOWERS?
BIRTHDAYS
WEDDINGS
GET WELL, HOSPITAL, ETC…
MOTHER’S DAY
VALENTINE’S DAY
PROMS
FUNERALS
BANQUETS
JUST BECAUSE…
WHAT PRODUCTS AND SERVICES ARE OFFERED BY
FLORISTS?
CENTERPIECES
GIFTS
POTTED PLANTS
FUNERAL PIECES:WREATHS, SPRAYS, OTHER
ITEMS
NOVELTY ARRANGEMENTS
HOLIDAY WREATHS AND SWAGS
VASE ARRANGEMENTS
HAND-HELD FLOWERS ANDARM BOUQUETS
BALOONS, SILK PLANTS, FLOWERS, ETC…
Types of shops include:
WHOLESALE FLORIST• Link between the grower and the retail
florist
• The wholesaler purchases flowers and supplies from growers and suppliers around the world and sells to local retail shops.
WHOLESALE FLORIST
•Wholesalers also supply plants, giftware, containers etc.
RETAIL FLORIST
• Most retail shops are full service
• A full service shop offers regular and special delivery, set-ups for special events, charge accounts and wire service.
RETAIL FLORIST• A retail florist purchases
materials from wholesale growers, suppliers, and florists and sell directly to customers
• Products and services sold include fresh flowers, blooming plants, balloons, novelty giftware, and silk and dried arrangements.
SPECIALTY RETAIL SHOP – • Targets a specific need in the market by
specializing in one segment of the industry
• These types of shops would specialize in things such as weddings or potted plants.
• Many times they are located adjacent to a business that provides similar services.
CASH AND CARRY SHOPS
• Offer a wide variety of flowers by the stem or bunch.
• Generally do not offer design services.
• Are often located in high traffic areas such as inside a mall or on the street.
SPECIALTY FLORIST
• Concentrates on specialty areas such as party work and weddings
• May operate out of a warehouse or home without a storefront.
• Most sales are made by appointment or at the customer’s home or business.
MASS-MARKET FLORIST
• Located in and associated with other businesses such as groceries and chain stores
• Offer fresh arrangements, potted plants, balloons, flowers and stem, and novelty pieces
• Usually do not offer delivery or custom design• These florists usually depend on unplanned
purchases
Now a little about plants and flowers
• Plant - Multi-cellular organisms that produce their own food through photosynthesis
• Flowers – reproductive structure on plants.– Serve as site of reproduction.– Storage of food. (examples: grain, fruits, nuts)– Pollination
Two main plant types
• Plants can be classified based upon physiology, and by the way they grow.
• We will look at both.
What is a cotyledon?
• This is the first seed leaves to appear as the seed germinates. Also known as seed leaves.
Monocots and Dicots
• Monocots
1- One cotyledon
2- Leaves-parallel venation
3- Stems-vascular bundles scattered throughout the stem
4- Flower parts in multiples of 3
5- Fibrous root system
• Dicots
1- Two cotyledons
2- Leaves-netted venation
3- Stems-bundles arranged in a ring
4- Flower parts in multiples of 4 or 5
5- Taproot system
Annuals, biennials, Perennials
• Annuals – complete their life cycle in one season.
Examples: Marigold, Petunias, and many more!
Biennials –complete their life cycle in two seasons. (first season vegetative growth,
second season reproduce)
• Examples: Holly Hocks, Fox Glove
Perennials
• Plants that grow year after year.
Examples: Roses, Shasta Daisy
Plant Classification
-a means of grouping plants according to their
similarities
Botanical System of Classification
• 7 Categories
Botanical System of Classification
• 1. Kingdom• 2. Division or Phylum• 3. Class
–Subclass
Botanical System of Classification
• 4. Order
• 5. Family
• 6. Genus
• 7. Species
Botanical System of Classification
• Why do we need this?–-clearly id’s plants
–Universal
Process Of Photosynthesis
C02+ H2O + sunlight = sugar (C6H12O6)+O2
(occurs in the presence of chloroplasts)
Process Of RespirationSugar (C6H12O6) + O2= CO2 + H2O
(releases energy)
Relationship Between Photosynthesis and Respiration
• Photosynthesis1- A building process (+)2- Sugars manufactured3- CO2 is consumed4- Oxygen is given off5-Requires light6-Only takes place in cell
containing chlorophyll7- Sugar is the end product
• Respiration
1-A destruction process (-)
2- Sugars consumed
3- C02 is given off
4-Oxygen is consumed
5- Goes on day and night
6-Carried on in all cells
7-Energy produced for plant functions is the product
Plant Vegetative Structures
• Roots
• Stems
• Leaves
FRUIT- is the fertilized, developed ovary (fleshy portion of the fruit)
Seed- is the matured ovule
Parts of a flowerParts of a flower
Flower Anatomy - MaleFlower Anatomy - Male StamenStamen: Male : Male
part of flowerpart of flower FilamentFilament: Stalk-: Stalk-
like object in the like object in the stamen that holds stamen that holds up antherup anther
AntherAnther: Sack-: Sack-like structure that like structure that contains pollen.contains pollen.
The Pistil
• Located in the center
of the flower• Female part• Produces female sex
cells (eggs or ovules)• If fertilized, the eggs
become seeds
Parts of the Pistil
• 3 main parts:– Stigma – sticky,
catches the pollen
– Style – tube that leads to the ovary
– Ovary – eggs develop here, after fertilization the ovary grows to become a fruit or seed coat
Flower Anatomy – Flower Anatomy – Female cont.Female cont.
OvaryOvary: Female : Female reproductive organ reproductive organ
Ovule:Ovule: Reproductive cell Reproductive cell which becomes the which becomes the seed when fertilized seed when fertilized by pollen.by pollen.
Flower Anatomy – neither male Flower Anatomy – neither male or femaleor female
PetalsPetals: Colorful : Colorful leaf-like structures leaf-like structures that attract that attract animals and animals and insectsinsects
CalyxCalyx: When : When all sepals are all sepals are fused togetherfused together
Petals
• Are actually leaves
• Generally the most striking part of the flower
• Bright colors are used to attract insects for pollination
SepalsSepals: Green : Green leaves that leaves that protect flower protect flower before it opensbefore it opens
Peduncle:Peduncle: Stem Stem
Flower Anatomy – neither male Flower Anatomy – neither male or femaleor female
The Sepals• Green, leaf
like parts of the flower that cover and protect the flower bud before it is open
Objective 1.4List and explain the different
types of flowers.• Complete• Incomplete
FlowersFlowers Flower Types:Flower Types:
Perfect FlowerPerfect Flower: Has both male and female : Has both male and female partsparts
Imperfect FlowerImperfect Flower: Flower that is missing : Flower that is missing either male or female partseither male or female parts
Complete FlowerComplete Flower: Flowers that have sepals, : Flowers that have sepals, petals, pistils, and stamenspetals, pistils, and stamens
FlowersFlowers Flower Types:Flower Types:
Incomplete FlowersIncomplete Flowers: When flower is missing sepals, : When flower is missing sepals, petals, pistils, or stamen.petals, pistils, or stamen.
Imperfect Flowers are always incomplete.Imperfect Flowers are always incomplete.
Incomplete flowers may or may not be imperfectIncomplete flowers may or may not be imperfect
Complete Flower
Complete Flower