Introduction to Environmental Policy · in U.S. environmental politics, ch. 1 in The Environmental Case: Translating Values into Policy, (Washington, DC: CQ Press, 2012), pp. 1-18.

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Introduction to Environmental Policy

Prof. Todd M. La Porte Associate Professor Founders Hall 552 Office hours: Monday 1-3 pm, and by appt. (202) 903-6464 (please no calls after 8 pm) tlaporte *at* gmu.edu (preferred)

Fall Semester, 2017 EVPP/GOV 361 Mondays ,Wednesdays, 10:30-11:45 am Room: TBD DRAFT Revised: 5/3/17

This course provides an introduction to the complex world of environmental politics and policy. During the course, we will assess efforts to manage natural resources effectively and mitigate the adverse effects of environmental pollution. We will consider environmental issues at the local, state, and national level in the US and address global concerns such as biodiversity loss, energy demand and supply, and climate change. The overarching theme of sustainability will serve as a focus for our analysis and activities. Learning outcomes By the end of the semester students will be able to:

identify important actors in environmental politics and policymaking;

explain relevant scientific and policy controversies;

demonstrate the ability to apply the essential tools of environmental policy analysis—i.e., to assess trade-offs, risks, costs, benefits, cost-effectiveness, political feasibility, and equity in developing policy recommendations;

define sustainability, and identify and describe possible ways to overcome the social, political, economic, and technical constraints to achieving it.

The course teaches students pertinent approaches to the study of environmental politics and policy. By the end of the course, students will be well positioned to pursue further work on environmental and climate change policy. Texts Debating the Earth, John S. Dryzek and David Schlosberg, eds., (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005),

ISBN-13: 978-0199276295 Environmental Policy, Norman Vig and Michael Kraft, eds., 8th ed., (Washington, DC: CQ Press, 2000),

ISBN-13: 978-1452203300 Dryzek, John S., The Politics of the Earth: Environmental Discourses, 2nd ed. (New York: Oxford

University Press, 2000), ISBN-13: 978-0199277391 Layzer, Judith, The Environmental Case: Translating Values into Policy, (Washington, DC: CQ Press,

2012), ISBN-13: 978-1604266122 Switzer, Jacqueline Vaughn, Environmental Politics, (Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 1997), ISBN-13: 978-

0312149888 Requirements, grades and examinations There are five main requirements for the course:

Blackboard postings 150 points/10 per week Class presentations and précises of readings 150 points /10 per week Participation in class discussions 150 points/10 per week

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Policy brief 250 points Final exam 300 points Total 1000 points

Blackboard posting, presentations, précises and class discussion We will use the public Discussion Board function on Blackboard to jumpstart the class discussions of the weekly readings. Comments and critiques online will give you time to consider what your classmates have to say about the readings, help us focus on core issues more quickly, and provide a shared resource to prepare for exams. The class will be divided into two groups. People whose last names begin with letters A through J are in Group A, everyone else in is Group B. Group A students will post comments on sessions 1, 3, 5, etc., and Group B will post in sessions 2, 4, 6, etc. Posting every other class session is required. Comments must be posted no later than midnight the day before class. Postings should be 300-400 words, in which you:

1. Summarize the main ideas about the reading for the session,

2. Raise issues or problems you see with the arguments,

3. Connect the readings with earlier sessions, helping synthesize the material. You should respond to comments on forum threads. The main idea is to add to the discussion, so staying on topic is essential. Late comments: I give no credit for late comments, no exceptions. I will grade comments each session, on a scale of 1 to 5. Readings marked * on the schedule are required for everyone. Other readings listed will be assigned to class members for short presentations. A 400-word précis of the presentation is required to be posted to Blackboard in advance of that session. Policy brief An important course requirement is the preparation of a non-partisan policy research paper on an assigned topic, such as might be produced by the Brookings Institution or the Congressional Research Service. Small teams of class members will function as staff of a non-partisan think-tank who will work together to research, write and present a background paper on an important environmental issue: more details will be given in class. No laptops in class Please bring hard copies of readings to class. The only exception is if you have permission from the Office of Disability Services. Here’s why:

Taking notes on laptops rather than in longhand is increasingly common. Many researchers have suggested that laptop note taking is less effective than longhand note taking for learning… [R]esearch suggests that even when laptops are used solely to take notes, they may still be impairing learning because their use results in shallower processing. In three studies, we found that students who took notes on laptops performed worse on conceptual questions than students who took notes longhand. We show that whereas taking more notes can be beneficial, laptop note takers’ tendency

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to transcribe lectures verbatim rather than processing information and reframing it in their own words is detrimental to learning.

Mueller, Pam and Daniel Oppenheimer, “The Pen is Mightier than the Keyboard: Advantages of Longhand Over Laptop Note Taking,” Psychological Science, April 23, 2014, DOI: 10.1177/0956797614524581.

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Schedule

Week 1

1 28-Aug Introduction to environmental policy: Overview of the course

*Layzer, Judith, “A policymaking framework: Defining problems and portraying solutions in U.S. environmental politics,” ch. 1 in The Environmental Case: Translating Values into Policy, (Washington, DC: CQ Press, 2012), pp. 1-18.

2 30-Aug Brief history of environmentalism in the United States

*Vig, Norman and Kraft, Michael, “Environmental policy over four decades,” in (Washington, DC: CQ Press, 2000), Norman Vig and Michael Kraft, eds., Environmental Policy, pp. 1-31. *Griswold, Eliza, “How ‘Silent Spring’ Ignited the Environmental Movement,” New York Times, September 21, 2012, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/23/magazine/how-silent-spring-ignited-the-environmental-movement.html

4-Sep Labor Day No class

Week 2

3 6-Sep The impact of humans on the environment

*Hardin, Garrett, “The tragedy of the commons,” Science, vol. 162, no. xx, 1968, pp. 1243-1248. *Meadows, Donella, et al. “The nature of exponential growth,” in Debating the Earth, John S. Dryzek and David Schlosberg, eds., (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998), pp. 9-22. *Simon, Julian and Herman Kahn, “Introduction to the resourceful Earth,” in Debating the Earth, John S. Dryzek and David Schlosberg, eds., (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998), pp. 43-65. *Brown, Lester, “A planet under stress,” in Debating the Earth, John S. Dryzek and David Schlosberg, eds., (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998), pp. Browse special report in “Rio 20+ interactive: Is the world getting better or worse?” The Guardian, June 12, 2012, https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/interactive/2012/jun/19/rio20-interactive-world-better-worse

Week 3

4 11-Sep The Anthropocene *Steffen, Will, Paul Crutzen and John McNeill, “The anthropocene: Are humans now overwhelming the great forces of nature?” Ambio, vol. 36, no. 8, December 2007, pp.

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614-621, https://www.pik-potsdam.de/news/public-events/archiv/alter-net/former-ss/2007/05-09.2007/steffen/literature/ambi-36-08-06_614_621.pdf *Kolbert, Elizabeth, “The sixth extinction?” The New Yorker, May 25, 2009, http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2009/05/25/the-sixth-extinction “Welcome to the Anthropocene,” http://www.anthropocene.info/index.php Explore ecological footprint, and calculate your own: http://www.rprogress.org

5 13-Sep Climate change *McKibben, Bill, “Global warming’s terrifying new math,” Rolling Stone, July 19, 2012, http://www.rollingstone.com/politics/news/global-warmings-terrifying-new-math-20120719 *U.S. Global Change Research Program, National Climate Assessment, “Overview,” (Washington, DC; U.S. Global Change Research Program, 2014), pp. 1-68, http://nca2014.globalchange.gov/system/files_force/downloads/high/NCA3_Overview_HighRes.pdf. An Inconvenient Truth. (2006). David Guggenheim, director, Lawrence Bender Productions, Participant Media, (1:26:00). Years of Living Dangerously. (2014). Simcha Jacobovici, director, The Years Project, Showtime, (59:11), http://yearsoflivingdangerously.com/watch-years/

Week 4

6 18-Sep Environmental discourses: how do we talk about the environment, and does it make a difference?

*Slimak, Machael, W. and Thomas Dietz, “Personal values, beliefs, and ecological risk perception, Risk Analysis, vol. 26, no. 6, pp. 1689-1705. *Dryzek, John S., “Global limits and their denial,” The Politics of the Earth, ch. 2, 2005, pp. 21-44. *Moyers and Co., “Climate change – faith and fact,” interview with Katharine Hayhoe, Public Broadcasting Service, September 12, 2014, http://billmoyers.com/episode/climate-change-faith-and-fact/

7 20-Sep Varieties of environmentalism, *Dryzek, John S., The Politics of the Earth, (New York: Oxford University Press, 2000), pp.

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secular and religious xx. *White, Lynn, “The Historical Roots of Our Ecologic Crisis, Science, vol. 155, no. 3767, March 10, 1967, pp. 1203-1207, https://www.drexel.edu/~/media/Files/greatworks/pdf_fall09/HistoricalRoots_of_EcologicalCrisis.ashx

Week 5

8 25-Sep Institutional setting of U.S. environmental policy

*Switzer, Jacqueline Vaughn, Environmental Politics, (Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2001), pp. 35-92.

9 27-Sep Congress, the president and the courts

*Vig, Norman, J. “Presidential power and environmental policy,” in Vig, Norman and Michael Kraft, eds., Environmental Policy, (Washington, DC: CQ Press, 2000), ch. X, pp. xx. *Kraft, Michael E., “Environmental policy in Congress,” Vig, Norman and Michael Kraft, eds., (Washington, DC: CQ Press, 2000), Environmental Policy, ch. x, pp. xx. *O’Leary, Rosemary, “Environmental policy in the courts,” in Vig, Norman and Michael Kraft, eds., Environmental Policy, (Washington, DC: CQ Press, 2000), ch. X, pp. xx.

Week 6

10 2-Oct Environmental federalism: role of states

*Rabe, Barry, “Racing to the top, the bottom or the middle of the pack?: The evolving state government role in environmental protection,” in Vig, Norman and Michael Kraft, eds., Environmental Policy, (Washington, DC: CQ Press, 2000), ch. X, pp. xx.

1970-1980: First Epoch of Top-down policy

11 4-Oct Legislating clean air *Layzer, Judith, “The nation tackles pollution: the Environmental Protection Agency and the Clean Air and Clean Water Acts,” The Environmental Case, ch. 2. *Schmandt, Jurgen, “Regulation and science,” Science, Technology and Human Values, vol. 9, no. 1, Winter 1984, pp. 23-39. *Switzer, Jacqueline Vaughn, Environmental Politics, (Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2001), 189-212, 311-316. Clean Air Act:

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Summary: https://www.epa.gov/laws-regulations/summary-clean-air-act Overview: https://www.epa.gov/clean-air-act-overview

9-Oct Columbus Day Class meets 10/10

Week 7

12 10-Oct Commanding clean water *Switzer, Jacqueline Vaughn, Environmental Politics, (Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2001), 159-188. *Greve, Michael, “Private enforcement , private rewards: How environmental citizen suits became an entitlement program,” ch. 6 in Environmental Politics: Public Costs, Private Rewards, Michael Greve and Fred Smith, eds., (New York: Praeger, 1992), pp. 105-127. Clean Water Act: Summary: https://www.epa.gov/laws-regulations/summary-clean-water-act History: https://www.epa.gov/laws-regulations/history-clean-water-act

13 11-Oct Slippery slope of environmental protection: Protecting wetlands

Federal District Court Case: United States v. Holland, No. 73-623 (M.D. Fla. March 27, 1974): http://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/373/665/2098192/ Supreme Court Case: United States v. Riverside Bayview Homes (No. 84-703, December 4, 1985): https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-04/documents/riversidebayviewhomes_opinion.pdf Supreme Court Case: Solid Waste Agency of Northern Cook County, Petitioner v. United States Army Corps of Engineers, et al., (No. 99-178, January 9, 2001): https://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/99-1178.ZO.html *Williams, Ted, “Who can save a wetland?” Audubon, September-October 1999, pp. 60-68.

Week 8

14 16-Oct Endangered species and biodiversity

*Wilson, E. O., “The current state of biological diversity,” in Sources: Notable Selections in Environmental Studies, 2nd ed., Theodore D. Goldfarb, ed., (Guilford, CT: Dushkin/McGraw Hill, 2000), pp. 219-226.

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*Mann, Charles and Mark Plummer, “The awful beast is back,” in Noah’s Choice, (New York: Knopf, 1995), pp. 147-175. *Leopold, Aldo, “Thinking like a mountain,” (1948), in Sand County Almanac, (New York: Oxford University Press, 1987). Supreme Court case: TVA v. Hill, No. 76-1701, June 15, 1978: https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/437/153/case.html Endangered Species Act: https://www.fws.gov/endangered/esa-library/pdf/ESAall.pdf

15 18-Oct Toxic waste and government failure

*Layzer, Judith, “Love Canal: Hazardous wastes and the politics of fear,” The Environmental Case, ch. X, pp. 52-77. *Layzer, Judith, “Government secrets at Rocky Flats,” The Environmental Case, ch. X, pp. 78-101. *Switzer, Jacqueline Vaughn, Environmental Politics, (Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2001), 113-138. Downs, Anthony, “Up and down with ecology: The issue-attention cycle,” Public Interest, vol. 28, 1972, pp. 38-50.

1980-1991: Second epoch of Anti-government backlash and rise of incentives

Week 9

16 23-Oct Reagan revolution sparks rethinking of environmental policy

*Ophuls, William R. with A. Stepehen Boyan, Jr., “The American political economy II: The non-politics of laissez-faire,” in Debating the Earth, John S. Dryzek and David Schlosberg, eds., (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998), pp. xx Whittington, Dale and W. Norton Grubb, “Economic analysis in regulatory decisions,” Science, Technology and Human Values, vol. 9, no. 1, Winter 1984, pp. 63-71. *Farrow, Scott and Michael Toman, “Using cost-benefit analysis to improve environmental regulations,” Environment, vol. 41, no. 2, 1999, pp. 12-15, 33-37.

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*Responses to Farrow and Toman by: Eads, George, Environment, vol. 41, no. 4, p. 4. Lave, Lester, Environment, vol. 41, no. 4, p. 4. Farrow and Toman, Environment, vol. 41, no. 4, p. 45. *Grunwald, Michael, “How Corps turned doubt into a lock,” Washington Post, February 13, 2000, p. A1.

17 25-Oct Regulatory reform and economic tools

*Layzer, Judith, “Market-based solutions: Acid rain and the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990,” The Environmental Case, ch. 11, pp. 264-288. *Fullerton, Don and Robert N. Stavins, “How economists see the environment,” Nature, vol. 395, 1998, pp. 433-434. *Anderson, Terry L. and Donald T. Leal, “Visions of the environment and rethinking the way we think,” in Debating the Earth, John S. Dryzek and David Schlosberg, eds., (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998), pp. 207-223. *Mitchell, William C. and Randy T. Simmons, “Political pursuit of private gain: Environmental goods,” in Debating the Earth, John S. Dryzek and David Schlosberg, eds., (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998), pp. 224-236. *Goodin, Robert E., “Selling environmental indulgences,” in Debating the Earth, John S. Dryzek and David Schlosberg, eds., (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998), pp. 237-254.

Week 10

18 30-Oct Carbon taxes *Yale Environment 360, “Putting a price on carbon: An emissions cap or a tax?” May 7, 2009, http://www.earth.columbia.edu/sitefiles/file/Sachs%20Writing/2009/YaleEnvironment_2009_PuttingaPriceofCarbon_05_07_09.pdf Frank, Charles, “Pricing carbon: a carbon tax or cap-and-trade?” Brookings, August 12, 2014, http://www.brookings.edu/blogs/planetpolicy/posts/2014/08/12-pricing-carbon-frank *Mooney, Chris and Juliet Elperin, “Senior Republican statesmen propose replacing

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Obama’s climate policies with a carbon tax,” Washington Post, February 8, 2017, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2017/02/07/senior-republican-leaders-propose-replacing-obamas-climate-plans-with-a-carbon-tax/

19 1-Nov Environmental equity and justice

*First National People of Color Environmental Leadership Summit, “Principles of environmental justice,” in Debating the Earth, John S. Dryzek and David Schlosberg, eds., (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998), pp. 469-470. *Bullard, Robert D., “Anatomy of environmental racism,” in Debating the Earth, John S. Dryzek and David Schlosberg, eds., (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998), pp. 471-492. Krauss, Celene, “Women of color on the front line,” in Debating the Earth, John S. Dryzek and David Schlosberg, eds., (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998), pp. 493-503. Friedman, David, “The environmental racism hoax,” The American Enterprise, vol. 9, no. 6, November-December, 1998, pp. 75-78. *Rinquist, Evan J., “Environmental justice: Normative concerns and empirical evidence,” in Environmental Policy, pp. 210-231. *Layzer, Judith, “Community activism and environmental justice: The Dudley Street Neighborhood Initiative,” The Environmental Case, ch. 4. Patterson, Jacqui, “Climate change is a civil rights issue,” The Root, April 23, 2010, http://www.theroot.com/your-take-climate-change-is-a-civil-rights-issue-1790879295 Brown, Patricia Leigh, “On the edge of paradise,” California Watch, October 25, 2011, http://californiawatch.org/health-and-welfare/edge-paradise-coachella-workers-live-grim-conditions-12877

Week 11

20 6-Nov Environmental protection, the Sagebrush Rebellion and the Wise Use movement

*Layzer, Judith, “Federal grazing policy: Some things never change,” The Environmental Case, ch. 6, pp. 127-154. *Layzer, Judith, “Jobs vs. the environment: Saving the Northern Spotted owl,” The Environmental Case, ch. 7, pp. 155-182. *Layzer, Judith, “Backlash: Wise use, property rights and the anti-environmental

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movement,” The Environmental Case, ch. 10, pp. 238-263. Switzer, Jacqueline Vaughn, Environmental Politics, (Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2001), 93-112, 243-272.

1992-present: Third epoch of collaboration and sustainability – maybe

21 8-Nov Risk assessment and the right to know

*Andrews, Richard N., “Risk-based decision-making,” in Environmental Policy, Norman Vig and Michael Kraft, eds., (Washington, DC: CQ Press, 2000), pp. 210-231. *Putnam, Susan W., and Jonathan Baert Wiener, “Seeking safe drinking water,” ch. 7 in Risk vs. Risk, John D. Graham and Jonathan Baert Wiener, eds., (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1995), pp. 124-148. *O’Brien, Mary, “Goal: Replace risk assessment with alternatives assessment,” in Debating the Earth, John S. Dryzek and David Schlosberg, eds., (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998), pp. xx Schleicher, David, “How does science matter?” in But Is It True? Aaron Wildavsky, ed., (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1995), ch. 7, pp. 223-246. Lee, Kai N., “The Columbia River Basin: Experimenting with Sustainability,” in Debating the Earth, John S. Dryzek and David Schlosberg, eds., (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998), pp. 96-109. Sullivan, Robert, “A slight chance of a meltdown,” New York Magazine, November 6, 2011, http://nymag.com/news/features/indian-point-2011-11/ Ropeik, David, “The wages of eco-angst,” Opinionator, New York Times, February 26, 2012, https://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/02/26/the-wages-of-eco-angst/

Week 12

22 13-Nov States and localities: community-based environmental protection

*Layzer, Judith, “Local collaboration and compromise: Using habitat conservation plans to save southern California’s endangered landscape,” The Environmental Case, ch. 13, pp. 319-347.

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Knopman, Debra S., Megan M. Susman, and Marc K. Landy, “Civic environmentalism,” Environment, vol. 41, no. 10, 1999, pp. 25-32. *Paehike, Robert, “Environmental values for a sustainable society,” Environmental Politics, 4th ed., Norman Vig and Michael Kraft eds., (Washington, DC: CQ Press, 2000, pp. 77-97. *Ophuls, William P. and A. Stephen Boyan, “The American political economy,” in Debating the Earth, John S. Dryzek and David Schlosberg, eds., (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998), pp. 147-161. Briggle, Adam, “Should cities ban fracking?,” Slate.com, December 24, 2012, http://www.slate.com/articles/technology/future_tense/2012/12/longmont_co_has_banned_fracking_is_that_a_good_idea.html

23 15-Nov Property rights, suburban sprawl and smart growth

*Sierra Club, Sprawl: The Dark Side of the American Dream, 1998, http://vault.sierraclub.org/sprawl/report98/report.asp *Stoel, Thomas, B., Jr., “Reining in urban sprawl,” Environment, vol. 41, no. 4, 1999, pp. 6-11, 29-33. Supreme Court cases: Babbit v. Sweethome, 94-859, June 29, 1995, https://www.oyez.org/cases/1994/94-859 Palazzolo v. Rhode Island, et at., Certiorari to the Supreme Court of Rhode Island, No. 99-2047, June 28, 2001, https://www.oyez.org/cases/2000/99-2047 Tahoe-Sierra Preservation Council, Inc., et al., v. Tahoe Regional Planning Agency, et al., No. 00-1167, January 22, 2002, Tahoe-Sierra Preservation Council, Inc., et al., v. Tahoe Regional Planning Agency, et al., No. 00-1167, https://www.oyez.org/cases/2001/00-1167

Week 13

24 20-Nov Energy and the environment *Layzer, Judith, “Oil versus the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge,” The Environmental Case, ch. 5, pp. 102-126. *Switzer, Jacqueline Vaughn, Environmental Politics, (Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2001), 139-158.

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Yacobucci, Brent D., Bill Canis and Richard K. Lattanzio, “Automobile and Truck Fuel Economy (CAFE) and Greenhouse Gas Standards,” Congressional Research Service, R42721, September 11, 2012, https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42721.pdf

22-Nov Sustainable economics

*World Commission, “From one Earth to one world,” in Debating the Earth, John S. Dryzek and David Schlosberg, eds., (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998), pp. 257-264. *Lafferty, “The politics of sustainable development,” in Debating the Earth, John S. Dryzek and David Schlosberg, eds., (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998), pp. 265-284. *Daly, “Sustainable growth: An impossibility theorem,” in Debating the Earth, John S. Dryzek and David Schlosberg, eds., (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998), pp. 285-289. *Gore, Al, “A global Marshall Plan,” in Debating the Earth, John S. Dryzek and David Schlosberg, eds., (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998), pp. 319-326. *Layzer, Judith, “The New England groundfish crisis,” The Environmental Case, pp. 231-260. *Curruthers, David, “From opposition to orthodoxy: The remaking of sustainable development,” in Debating the Earth, John S. Dryzek and David Schlosberg, eds., (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998), pp. xx Maryland Genuine Progress Indicator http://dnr.maryland.gov/mdgpi/Pages/default.aspx The Economist: Special Report on Forests, 2010: “Seeing the wood,” http://www.economist.com/node/17062713 “Money can grow on trees,” http://www.economist.com/node/17062651 “The long responsibility,” http://www.economist.com/node/17062671 *Meadowcroft, James, “Sustainable development: A new(ish) idea for a new century?” in Debating the Earth, John S. Dryzek and David Schlosberg, eds., (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998), pp. xx Leach, Melissa, “Why Rio+20 must not leave out the politics of sustainable development,” The Guardian, March 5, 2012, https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/poverty-matters/2012/mar/05/rio-summit-politics-of-sustainable-

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development

26 27-Nov Thanksgiving recess No class

Week 14

27 29-Nov The ultimate solution for the ultimate problem: Deep ecology and bioregionalism

*Layzer, Judith, “Ecosystem-based solutions: Restoring the Everglades,” The Environmental Case, ch. 12, pp. 289-318. *Forman, “Putting the Earth first,” in Debating the Earth, John S. Dryzek and David Schlosberg, eds., (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998), pp. 358-364. *Naess, Arne, “The shallow and the deep, long-range ecology movement,” in Debating the Earth, John S. Dryzek and David Schlosberg, eds., (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998), pp. 353-357. *Dodge, “Living by life: Some bioregional theory and practice,” in Debating the Earth, John S. Dryzek and David Schlosberg, eds., (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998), pp. 365-373. *Eckersley, Robin, “Ecocentrism explained and defended,” in Debating the Earth, John S. Dryzek and David Schlosberg, eds., (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998), pp. 374-393. Keller, David, “Cleaning lessons from deep ecology,” Ethics and the Environment, vol. 2, no. 2, 1997, pp. 139-148.

Week 15

28 4-Dec Climate change Switzer, Jacqueline Vaughn, Environmental Politics, (Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2001), 213-242, 295-310. *Layzer, Judith, “Climate change: The Challenges of formulating international environmental policy,” The Environmental Case, ch. 10, pp. 270-307. *Wapner, “Politics beyond the state,” in Debating the Earth, John S. Dryzek and David Schlosberg, eds., (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998), pp. 507-508.

29 6-Dec Climate change: Paris and beyond

TBA

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11-Dec Reading Days

13-Dec Exam week