Introduction to Enterprise Architecture

April 10, 2023 1 Enterprise Architecture

Enterprise ArchitectureDefinition, Applications, Technology

Leo ShusterDirector, IT ArchitectureNationwide Insurance

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Disclaimers

Many competing perspectives on Enterprise Architecture exist – this just one of them

There is no single, agreed upon Enterprise Architecture standard

Information presented here will not make you an instant Enterprise Architecture expert

This presenter should not be held liable for any misconceptions, misrepresentations, or mistakes you make outside of class based on the information presented here


The Architecture Continuum

Enterprise Architecture

(City)

Portfolio Architecture

(Street)

System Architecture

(Building)

If enterprises were cities…

Architecture Continuum


Enterprise Architecture & the Enterprise

Enterprise Strategy

Fire and hope!


Business Operating Environmentand IT Infrastructure

TransitionPlanning

Group IT Architecture Definition

Infrastructure Design & Planning

Establish IT Competency Centre

End User Infrastructure Upgrade

Inter-company WAN (imple.)

Outsource New Core systems

Outsource Helpdesk and Desktop

Outsource network

Outsourcing Initiatives

Competency Centre Initiatives

Electronic Service Delivery

Data Warehouse

Customer Service Centre

Recognise and report problem

Diagnose problem

Escalate problem

Analyse problem

Log Problem

Close problem

Update customer

Resolve problem

Bypass and/or fix

Config. Management

Operations Management

Change Management

Call management

Operations management

Update customer

Perf and Capacity management

WAN infrastructureIntranet/Mail infrastructure

Customer ServiceData Warehouse

Graphical IS

B.U.B.U.

Document Management

Systems Management

Middleware

NETWORK

Planning/Design Initiatives

Infrastructure Initiatives

OtherBusiness Unit SystemsKiosksTelemetry systemsetc

Initiatives focused on migrating to the new delivery environment

Planning/DesignInfrastructureOutsourcing

Initiatives focused on implementing the vision

Planning/designIT Competency centre

Key Group Decision Points

ArchitectureGovernance

Bus Architecture IT Architecture

AEICorporate

YankeeGroup

SaturnGroup

YarnDivision

KnitsDivision

SenecaPlant

RaleighPlant

CashManagement

Shipping

Accounting

ComponentDesign

Yarn Buying

Order Entry

ComponentScheduling

YarnDyeing

Inventory

AssortmentPlanning

ComponentKnitting

Tagging & Packing

Business Structure

Business Locations

Classically, EA is the “planning” function between strategy formulation and delivery…

Pro

gra

m

focu

sE

nte

rpri

se w

ide

focu

s

Strategy

Planning

Designand

Delivery

Change Programs

Soln Outline Macro Design Micro Design Devt, etc.

Program ArchitectureGroup IT Architecture Definition







Outsource network




Data Warehouse



Diagnose problemEscalate problemAnalyse problemLog Problem

Close problemUpdate customer Resolve problem

Bypass and/or fixConfig. Management

Operations ManagementChange Management

Call managementOperations management

Update customer


WAN infrastructureIntranet/Mail infrastructureCustomer ServiceData Warehouse

Graphical IS

B.U. B.U. Document Management

Systems ManagementMiddleware

N E T W O R K



OtherB u sin ess U n it

S ys tem s

K io sks

Te lem etry sys tem s

etc


P lann ing /D es ign

In fras truc tu re

O u tsou rc ing


P lann ing /des ign

IT C om pe tency cen tre


Soln Outline Macro Design Micro Design Devt, etc.

Program ArchitectureGroup IT Architecture Definition







Outsource network




Data Warehouse



Diagnose problemEscalate problemAnalyse problemLog Problem

Close problemUpdate customer Resolve problem

Bypass and/or fixConfig. Management

Operations ManagementChange Management

Call managementOperations management

Update customer


WAN infrastructureIntranet/Mail infrastructureCustomer ServiceData Warehouse

Graphical IS

B.U. B.U. Document Management

Systems ManagementMiddleware

N E T W O R K



OtherB u sin ess U n it

S ys tem s

K io sks

Te lem etry sys tem s

etc


P lann ing /D es ign

In fras truc tu re

O u tsou rc ing


P lann ing /des ign

IT C om pe tency cen tre


Enterprise Architecture = “the city plan”

System Design= “the buildings”

Strategy = “the city’s purpose & goals”Technology

AvailabilityBusiness

OpportunityBus Strategy IT Strategy

“Do the Right Things”

“Do the Right Things Right”


What is Enterprise Architecture?MIT Center for Information Systems Research (2007)

• Enterprise architecture is the organizing logic for business processes and IT infrastructure reflecting the integration and standardization requirements of the company's operating model

Enterprise Architecture Research Forum • Continuous practice of describing the essential elements of a socio-technical organization, their relationships to each other

and to the environment, in order to understand complexity and manage change

Gartner (2013)• Discipline for proactively and holistically leading enterprise responses to disruptive forces by identifying and analyzing the

execution of change toward desired business vision and outcomes. EA delivers value by presenting business and IT leaders with signature-ready recommendations for adjusting policies and projects to achieve target business outcomes that capitalize on relevant business disruptions.

• EA is used to steer decision making toward the evolution of the future state architecture.

The Open Group• Enterprise architecture (EA) is the definition and representation of a high-level view of an enterprise‘s business processes

and IT systems, their interrelationships, and the extent to which these processes and systems are shared by different parts of the enterprise

US Federal Enterprise Architecture Framework (FEAF)• Enterprise architecture is a management practice to maximize the contribution of an agency’s resources, IT investments, and

system development activities to achieve its performance goals. • Architecture describes clear relationships from strategic goals and objectives through investments to measurable

performance improvements for the entire enterprise or a portion (or segment) of the enterprise.


What is Enterprise Architecture?

Simple definition:Enterprise Architecture is a strategy to minimize IT and business mistakes


What is NOT Enterprise Architecture?

System Architecture and Design

Coding Standards and Practices

Database Design

IT Governance

Enterprise Architecture is a discipline that spans the entire enterprise but does not dive into the minutia of project delivery


Enterprise Architecture Objectives

Align business and IT strategies

Increase business and IT agility

Establish and refine future architecture vision

Govern technology decisions and direction

The primary goal of EA is to make the organization as efficient and effective as possible!


Enterprise Architecture Benefits

Business

• Better business and IT alignment

• Increased business agility

• Business process efficiency

• Reduced time to market

IT

• Increased standardization and technology alignment

• Platform consolidation

• Technology and application portfolio simplification

Financial

• Better return on existing investment and reduced risk for future investment

• Cost savings• Predictable

investment model


Objectives and Benefits of EA - Survey


Enterprise Architecture Program

Cost focus Value focus

EA is a journey, often non-linear Tactical, opportunistic Strategic, systematic

Cost Reduction What do we have? Need all of it? Consolidate to

reduce costs? Desire for impact

analysis

Standardization Develop standards

and recommended best practices (e.g. technology stacks, server platforms)

Seeking repeatability Encourage IT

evolution Focusing on IT scope

only

Broaden Scope Meet business needs

by linking IT to business

Managing architectures outside IT

Increasing focus on business architecture and business processes

Realizing Strategy Develop business

strategy Value propositions,

capabilities, resources?

Refine into to-be Compare to as-is Create transition plan Execute

Enterprise Architecture has to be treated as an ongoing program that continues to evolve together with the organization


Enterprise Architecture Frameworks• Many Enterprise Architecture

frameworks have been created– Zachman Enterprise Framework– The Open Group Architecture

Framework (TOGAF)– OMB Federal Enterprise Architecture

(FEA)– The Gartner Methodology (formerly the

Meta Framework)– Many others

• Each framework possesses different strengths and weaknesses– No ideal framework for all situations– Each framework has to be customized to

fit the organization

EA Frameworks typically include:• Common vocabulary,

models, and taxonomy• Processes, principles,

strategies and tools• Reference architectures

and models• Prescriptive guidance (EA

processes, architecture content, implementation roadmap, governance)

• Catalog of architecture deliverables and artifacts

• Enterprise Architecture Content Metamodel


EA Frameworks - Zachman

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EA Frameworks - TOGAF


Enterprise Architecture Components• Enterprise

Architecture consists of several logical components– Each component must

identify its own strategies, reference models, and directions

• EA serves as a governance function– Architecture Review

Board– Processes and policies– Technology– Funding

• EA Repository– Central repository for

all EA artifacts

* Based on Oracle Enterprise Architecture Framework


Enterprise Architecture LifecycleCreate the Enterprise Architecture vision and program structure

Document current state architecture

Develop future state architecture

Create a roadmap of transitioning from current state to future state

Establish and execute governance processes

Develop business case(s) for the initiative(s) identified on the roadmap

EA lifecycle is a series of continuous iterations

over these phases* Based on Oracle Enterprise Architecture Framework


EA and IT Governance• IT governance is a set

of processes and policies that dictate how IT work should be performed

• EA governance is a set of processes and policies that dictate how technology decisions are made

• IT and EA governance domains intersect in the project delivery space

* Courtesy of ebizQ

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=274RDDFG0T4ryM&tbnid=kVB1q3wejTkU3M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.ebizq.net/blogs/agile_enterprise/2009/11/ea-and-it-governance-a-systemic-approach.php&ei=2zMmUvibGaPsyQG064HwDw&psig=AFQjCNF2d1VNHPvvu0hACf09VQ6Ei1Rajw&ust=1378321322770439


EA Governance

* Based on TOGAF

Alignment

• Enterprise Architecture establishes a number of governance mechanisms– Architecture Board serves

as a governance body ensuring IT initiatives align with EA

– CTO and/or Chief Architect provide stewardship and guidance

– Enterprise Architects develop policies, practices, and processes that the Architecture Board supports

• Enterprise Architecture and IT leadership ensures alignment with business goals, strategies, and objectives


EA Governance - Technology


Opportunity Identification

Opportunity Validation

Technology Guidance

Design Review

Identify opportunities to leverage enterprise platforms

Validate platform usage opportunities

Validate solution design to ensure appropriate use of technology

Guide efforts towards the most appropriate technology platform


Measuring Enterprise Architecture Value

No single, comprehensive set of Enterprise Architecture metrics exist. Each organization has to develop metrics most relevant to its EA objectives.


Q & A


About the Author

About

•Leo Shuster directed Enterprise Architecture and SOA for a number of organizations including Nationwide Insurance, National City Corporation, and Ohio Savings Bank

•Presented on Enterprise Architecture, SOA, BPM, and related topics at a number of conferences

•MS in Computer Science and Engineering from CWRU and MBA from Cleveland State

Publicatio

ns

•Blog: http://leoshuster.blogspot.com

•SOA Governance Book with Thomas Erl: http://www.amazon.com/SOA-Governance-Governing-Premise-Service-Oriented/dp/0138156751

•Service-Driven Approaches to Architecture and Enterprise Integration Book: http://www.igi-global.com/book/service-driven-approaches-architecture-enterprise/74192

Contact Info

•E-mail: [email protected]

•LinkedIn: http://www.linkedin.com/in/leoshuster

http://www.amazon.com/SOA-Governance-Governing-Premise-Service-Oriented/dp/0138156751








http://www.igi-global.com/book/service-driven-approaches-architecture-enterprise/74192







Introduction to Enterprise Architecture

Technology

enterprise enterprise

entire enterprise

future architecture

future state architecture

cities architecture

leading enterprise responses

business mistakes

enterprises business