mRNA Transcription Introduction The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology Cell Polypeptide (protein) Translation Ribosome Reverse tanscripti on DNA
Nov 30, 2014
mRNA
Transcription
Introduction
The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology
Cell
Polypeptide(protein)
TranslationRibosome
Reverse tanscription DNA
DNA STRUCTUREchemical structure of the 4 nucleotides in DNA
DNA STRUCTURE hydrogen bonded nucleotides
on opposite helices
DNA helices are antiparallel
carbons on sugar define ends... 5' and 3'
pyrimidines bond with purines T A C G
DNA STRUCTURE bonding is specific: pyrimidines bond with purines implication: means for accurate replication
DNA STRUCTURE helical structure of DNA
major & minor groves
10Å radius & 20Å diameter
3.4Å between nucleotide base pairs
34Å / 360° turn
10 nucleotide base pairs / 360° turn
A TT AG CC
G
G C
TA
T
AG
C
C G
G C
T A
A T
Packaging DNA
Histone proteins
Histoneoctomer
B DNA Helix 2 nm
A TT AG CC
G
G C
TA
T
AG
C
C G
G C
T A
A T
Packaging DNA
Histone proteins
B DNA Helix
Histoneoctomer
2 nm
A TT AG CC
G
G C
TA
T
AG
C
C G
G C
T A
A T
Packaging DNA
Histone proteins
Histoneoctomer
Nucleosome
11 nm
B DNA Helix 2 nm
Packaging DNA
A TT AC G
C G
G C
T A
A T
Packaging DNA
A TT AC G
C G
G C
T A
A T
Packaging DNA
A TT AC G
C G
G C
T A
A T
Protein scaffold
11 nm“Beads on a string”
30 nm
Tight helical fiber
Looped Domains200 nm
Packaging DNA
G
C
A
T
Protein scaffold
Metaphase Chromosome
700 nm
11 nm
30 nm200 nm
2 nm
Looped Domains
Nucleosomes
B DNA Helix
Tight helical fiber
Replication
Chromosomes, Chromatids and Centromeres
Centromere
Chromosome arm
Chromosome arm
Identicalchromatid
Chromatid
Anaphase
A packaged chromosome
Two identical chromosomes
Chromosome Morphology
Chromosome arm
Chromosome arm
Centromere
Submetacentric Acrocentric TelocentricMetacentric
q arm
p armpetite
Chromosomes can be distinguished on the basis of size and the relative location of centromeres.
Human karyotype (of a man with a normal 46,XY constitution)