Introduction to Diabetes

What Is Diabetes ?

Diabetes Mellitus - An Insight

Diabetes mellitus is a disorder characterized by increased blood sugar (hyperglycemia) due to defective insulin secretion, insulin action or both.

Types of Diabetes

Type 1 diabetes:- No Insulin present at all. Happens often during childhood. Usually below 30 years of age. Also called as Juvenile Diabetes.

The cells responsible for making Insulin are absent

Type 2 diabetes:- Not enough insulin OR Insulin doesn’t work (Insulin resistance)

Happens usually above 30 Years of age, also known as Adult Onset Diabetes.

Insulin resistance

Types of Diabetes

Symptoms for Type 2 Diabetes

Complications of Diabetes

What Is Insulin ?

Insulin

Insulin is a substance that controls the amount of glucose (sugar) in the blood.

Insulin

If there isn’t enough insulin or if it doesn’t have the proper effect, the level of glucose in the blood increases and this can have harmful effects.

Target for Diabetic patients PPBG : < 180 mg/dl FBG : 90 - 130 mg/dl

The Controls

Diet

Exercise

Foot Care

Diet Control

Limit your food intake during each meal or snack

Divide your food intake into 3 evenly spaced meals with a small healthy snack between meals ,if needed

Diet Control

Don’t skip meals Eat fibre rich foods such as fruits,

vegetables, grains and beans Limit the amount of fat , sugar

and salt in your meal

Diet Control Points to be taken into consideration while planning the diet

Choose me

DO NOT EAT US..WE ARE NOT GOOD FOR YOU

Avoid roots and tubers e.g.

potato, sweet- potato, but carrot and radish can be consumed.

Avoid sugar, glucose, jams, honey, sweets, nuts, Horlicks,Bournvita etc.

Diet Control

Avoid fried food.

Include salads but avoid salad dressing with fat

Include plenty of green leafy

vegetables.

Quantity of oil should be restricted

Dietary exchanges should be taken into consideration

Diet Control

consume very less oil

Include food rich in fibre

Avoid fruits such as mango, banana, chickoo, custard apple etc

Diet Control

Exercise

Exercise

Losing weight can be:

Difficult &

Frustrating

Exercise

But it is POSSIBLE to :

Lose weight &

Sustain weight loss

Exercise

Physical activity is an important part of

Diabetes Management

Exercise

Boost your metabolism Increase muscle mass, so you

burn more calories Help improve the body’s response

to insulin and naturally lowering glucose by burning extra calories.

Exercise can:

Exercise

You need to exercise daily or at least five times a week

The exercise duration should for 45 to 55 minutes at a time

The facts: For people having diabetes

Exercise

Since the muscles that use glucose appropriately are the long, thin muscles, you need to develop these muscles

This requires exercise that is low-resistance and high-frequency such as walking

Exercise

With a daily low-resistance, high-frequency exercise program

lasting 45 to 55 minutes, blood glucose control for diabetes patients improves and stabilizes, even before weight loss is achieved.

Exercise

Exercise has no long-term effect on glucose. Within 24 to 48 hours of cessation, the beneficial effects on diabetes and its control are lost.

Therefore, exercise is a life-long commitment

Improves Blood Glucose Management

Lowers Blood Pressure

Improves Blood Fats

Lesser intake of Insulin or Diabetes Pills

Exercise

Top Ten Benefits of Being Active

Exercise

Lose weight and sustain it

Lower risk of other health problems

Gain more energy and sleep better

Relieves stress

Builds stronger bones and muscles

Enhances flexibility

Exercise

Foot Care

Foot Care

Check your Feet Every Day!

Foot Care

Foot problems can literally develop overnight

It is essential to check your feet daily

Foot Care

Cuts, blisters or sores

Change in temperature

(hot or cold)

Change in colour (pale, red, blue)

Check your feet daily for the following :

Foot Care

Swelling

Pain

Dry, cracking skin

Sweaty skin

Athletes foot or other rashes

Signs and symptoms of infection

Corns and calluses

Foot Care

How to take care of your feet ?

Foot Care

Look at your feet every day.

Make sure there are no cuts or red areas

Use a mirror to see the bottom of your feet

Don’t soak your feet. Wash them well with mild soap and water every day

Foot Care

Dry them very well, including in between the toes

Don’t walk barefoot

Foot Care

Wear shoes that fit well

Buy socks designed to keep

your feet comfortable

Use lotion on your feet, but not between the toes

Foot Care

Do not cut your toenails. File them

instead, or have them trimmed by a foot doctor

If you have poor circulation, nerve damage, or very thick toenails,

see a foot doctor regularly Also see a foot doctor, if you

have corns, calluses, or bunions

Foot Care Meet your Foot doctor

If you do get a cut or scratch, address it right away

Wash with mild soap and warm water

Use a mild ointment

Cover with gauze and paper tape or a fabric bandage

Foot Care

Make sure to change this often

If the affected area does not heal

OR Gets red

OR Has any drainage

Foot Care

Call your healthcare provider right away