Introduction to Collaborative Robots with Case Study. · • Robots excel at simple, repetitive handlingtasks. • Humans, on the other hand, have unique cognitive skills forunderstanding

Introduction to Collaborative Robots

with Case Study.

Introduction to Collaborative Robots with Case Study| Pawankumar G| 0 5 - 1 1 - 2 0 1 9 | www.kuka.com Page: 1

http://www.kuka.com/

Robotic Revolutions

Page: 2Introduction to Collaborative Robots with Case Study| Pawankumar G| 0 5 - 1 1 - 2 0 1 9 | www.kuka.com


What is Collaborative Robot.

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Collaboration noun

• The action of working with someone to produce or create something

• Working with others to do a task and toachieve shared goals.

• Flexibility is an essential element of collaboration.

• Cobot -an abbreviation of Collaborative Robot and also synonymous with Intelligent AssistDevice

Introduction to Collaborative Robots with Case Study| Pawankumar G| 0 5 - 1 1 - 2 0 1 9 | www.kuka.com


Benefits of Human Robot Collaboration (HRC).

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• Robots excel at simple, repetitive handling tasks.

• Humans, on the other hand, have unique cognitive skills forunderstanding and adapting to any changes in the task.

• The combination of humans and robots can greatly improve performance,as long as the work is optimally shared.

• Human-robot collaboration allows for various levels of automation and human intervention.

• Tasks can be partially automated if a fully automated solution is not economical or too complex.

• Non-ergonomic workstations can be greatly improved with the help of robots.

• Safety of the human is an absoluteprerequisite.



Key Features of Cobots :

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Collaborative Robots incorporate one or more of the following features:

• Safety-rated Stop Monitoring

• Hand Guiding – Teaching by Demonstration

• Speed and Separation Monitoring

• Power and Force Limiting



Key Cobot Functions:

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• Operation in Automatic Mode with a Person in the Collaborative Workspace

- When the person acts -the robot reacts

• Incorporating Specific Safety Design Features to Protect the Person from Injury

- The robot‘s behavior can be easily programmed through software

• Can Have Both Autonomous and Collaborative Phases in an Automatic Work Cycle

- Flexible adaption of the robot’s characteristics to an individual task

- Tasks are solved through compliance, rather than programmed positions



Safety Standards for Cobots:

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Relevant safety features to minimize risk of a HRC application in accordance with applicable standards (ISO10218-1:2011)

• Safe velocity monitoring

• Safe workspaces and safeguarded zones

• Safe collision detection (free collisions possible)

• Safe force monitoring (avoidance of pinching or crushing)

• Safe tool detection

• Safe switching of states (i.e. safe protection zones)



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Forms of human-robot collaboration

Shared workspace, but

exclusive motion contact

possible, but only with

stationary robot

e.g. in the case of industrial

robot as handling assistant

No fixed guard,

virtual safety fence

contact not desired,

unlikely

(e.g. photo-electric barrier)

Fixed safety fence

contact not possible

Robot

workspace

Operator

workspace

Shared

workspace

Shared workspace

contact not

desired, but possible

Shared workspace

contact desired,

simultaneous motion

(e.g. manual guidance)



Other Features:

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• Sensitivity – integral force & torque sensors

• Distance sensing – vision or radarsensors

• Voice interpretation – verbal command functions



Current challenges in programmingrobots

oProgramming with teach pendants

o Time-consuming

oExperience essential

oRedundant robots

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oCollaborative robots with force-based interaction

o Teaching by handguidance

oSensitive in applications

oSafe for human-robot collaboration

oCollaborative mobile robots with whole-body control

oRedundancy

o Teaching by handguidance

oReactive control

KUKA Collaborative Robots:

Page:11



Intuitive operation and programming of highly redundant mobile manipulators | Christian Scheurer | 13.06.2018| www.kuka.com Page:6

Why collaboration with

force-based robot interaction?


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Motivation

Robots are currently evolving from blind machines performing

repetitive tasks behind safety fences to

intelligent robotic co – workers.

Force is the most intuitive input



LBR iiwa - State of the art in

collaborative robotics

LBR iiwa – Handguiding and collision detection in real industrialapplications

Handguiding the KUKA LBRiiwa

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Collision detection enabling human-robot collaboration



LBR iiwa provides safe, intuitive, force-based interaction




Case Study’s


Case Study: Ford India – Nut Runner

Cobot is used to Zero Torque bolt

inside Engine blocks

Collision Detection,

Workspace Monitoring, External

Control, Impedance mode

implemented here.

Optimal Cycle Time was achieved

as per process requirement from Ford

India.



Ford_cobot.mp4

Ford_cobot.mp4

Case Study: BMW Group’s Dingolfing Plant

BMW use Cobot for lifting heavy

differential gears for assembly of front-

axle transmissions.

Operator works hand-in-hand

with cobot without any safety

fence.

Installed into existing assembly line

without any redesign to line.

Ceiling mounting enabled to

commission cobot even in confined

space.



BMW_COBOT.mp4

BMW_COBOT.mp4


Thank you !

• No human-robot collaboration

application should be implemented

without completinga risk

assessment.

• The overall application and

system must always be

considered, not only the robot

(i.e. process, part -holding, tool or

gripper,etc.)

• Risk Assessment = Safety!


Introduction to Collaborative Robots with Case Study. · • Robots excel at simple, repetitive handlingtasks. • Humans, on the other hand, have unique cognitive skills forunderstanding

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