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Patient’s efforts to ward off efforts to Patient’s efforts to ward off efforts to dissolve neurotic methods of resolving dissolve neurotic methods of resolving problemsproblems
ExamplesExamples Talk lessTalk less Late for appointmentsLate for appointments Discuss trivial mattersDiscuss trivial matters Intensification of symptomsIntensification of symptoms Abatement of symptoms (“flights into health”)Abatement of symptoms (“flights into health”)
What Jung wrote about his method of What Jung wrote about his method of psychotherapy tended to be vague and imprecisepsychotherapy tended to be vague and imprecise
Some methods and concepts similar to Freud’s Some methods and concepts similar to Freud’s Free associationFree association Dreams Dreams TransferenceTransference
Theory diverged from Freud’s Theory diverged from Freud’s Less emphasis upon sexuality in understanding neurosesLess emphasis upon sexuality in understanding neuroses Less emphasis upon psychosexual stagesLess emphasis upon psychosexual stages Greater emphasis upon universal themesGreater emphasis upon universal themes
Unconscious = not understood (not Unconscious = not understood (not an unconscious mind)an unconscious mind)
Emphasis upon social relationships Emphasis upon social relationships (particularly early family (particularly early family relationships) in developing relationships) in developing personalitypersonality
With With insightinsight client will chose to give client will chose to give up dysfunctional behaviour and up dysfunctional behaviour and choose healthier alternativeschoose healthier alternatives
Establishment of good working relationshipEstablishment of good working relationship scriptsscripts
Understand the client’s lifestyles and goalsUnderstand the client’s lifestyles and goals Client’s place in family, client’s life storyClient’s place in family, client’s life story Explore client’s goalsExplore client’s goals
Achieve insight through interpretationAchieve insight through interpretation Insights that lead to action (not purely Insights that lead to action (not purely
Strong influence on neo-Freudians such as Strong influence on neo-Freudians such as Karen Horney, Erich Fromm and Harry Karen Horney, Erich Fromm and Harry Stack SullivanStack Sullivan
Influenced existential and humanistic Influenced existential and humanistic therapists as well – the importance of therapists as well – the importance of people creating meanings for their livespeople creating meanings for their lives
Influenced cognitive therapists – idea that Influenced cognitive therapists – idea that people’s interpretations of significant people’s interpretations of significant events in their lives more important than events in their lives more important than events themselvesevents themselves
Interpersonal Psychotherapy Interpersonal Psychotherapy (Klerman, Weissman, Rounsaville, & (Klerman, Weissman, Rounsaville, & Chevron, 1984)Chevron, 1984) Treatment for depression (originally)Treatment for depression (originally) Lasts 12 to 16 weeksLasts 12 to 16 weeks Three phasesThree phases
Initial - history formulate problemInitial - history formulate problem Second - active treatment focused on 1 or 2 Second - active treatment focused on 1 or 2
problemsproblems Third – recap and terminationThird – recap and termination
Grief reactionGrief reaction Interpersonal role disputeInterpersonal role dispute Role transitionRole transition Interpersonal deficitsInterpersonal deficits
As effective as CBT for depressionAs effective as CBT for depression Helpful for long-term maintenance of Helpful for long-term maintenance of
therapeutic gains in tx of depression therapeutic gains in tx of depression Helpful for post-partum depressionHelpful for post-partum depression As effective as CBT for bulimia As effective as CBT for bulimia
Evaluation of Psychodynamic Evaluation of Psychodynamic TherapiesTherapies
Not particularly “psychological”Not particularly “psychological” Interesting and popularInteresting and popular Not much evidence of their efficacyNot much evidence of their efficacy Not listed among empirically Not listed among empirically
supported treatmentssupported treatments Exception is Interpersonal Exception is Interpersonal