1 1 Intro to Cells Key Concept: Cells are the basic unit of life. 2 Introduction to Cells Cells are the basic units of organisms Cells can only be observed under microscope Basic types of cells: Animal Cell Plant Cell Bacterial Cell 3 Cell Theory The cell theory grew out of the work of many scientists and improvements in the microscope. 3 principles of the Cell Theory: 1. The cell is the basic unit of life. 2. All living things are made of cells. 3. All cells are made from other living cells. 4 Scientists who contributed to cell theory • Hooke: first to identify cells & name them • Leeuwenhoek: developed better lenses for microscope • Schleiden: said that plants were made of cells • Schwann: said that animals were made of cells • Virchow: said that all cells come from other living cells (all cells reproduce) 5 All Cells: • Microscopic • Enclosed by a membrane • Filled with cytoplasm • Have DNA Bacterium (colored SEM; magnification 8800x) cell membrane cytoplasm 6 There are 2 types of cells: 1. Prokaryotic Cells 2. Eukaryotic Cells
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Intro to Cells
Key Concept: Cells are the basic unit of life.
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Introduction to CellsCells are the basic units of organismsCells can only be observed under microscope
Basic types of cells:
Animal Cell Plant Cell Bacterial Cell
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Cell Theory
The cell theory grew out of the work of many scientists and improvements in the microscope.
3 principles of the Cell Theory:
1. The cell is the basic unit of life.
2. All living things are made of cells.
3. All cells are made from other living cells.
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Scientists who contributed to cell theory
• Hooke: first to identify cells & name them
• Leeuwenhoek: developed better lenses for microscope
• Schleiden: said that plants were made of cells
• Schwann: said that animals were made of cells
• Virchow: said that all cells come from other living cells (all cells reproduce)
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All Cells:
• Microscopic
• Enclosed by a membrane
• Filled with cytoplasm
• Have DNA
Bacterium(colored SEM; magnification 8800x)
cell membrane
cytoplasm
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There are 2 types of cells:
1. Prokaryotic Cells
2.Eukaryotic Cells
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� Prokaryotes include bacteria & lack a nucleus or membrane-bound structures called organelles (“Pro = no”)
�Eukaryotes include most other cells & have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles (“Euk has a nuk”)
Cells May be Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic
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Prokaryotes (bacteria)•No nucleus or organelles
•Has a Cell membrane & cell wall
• Contain ribosomes (no membrane) to make proteins in their cytoplasm
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Two Main Types of Eukaryotic Cells
Plant Cell Animal Cell10
Number of CellsOrganisms may be:• Unicellular –composed of one cell (prok & euk)• Multicellular-composed of many cells that are organized (euk only)
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Eukaryotic Cell
Contain 3 basic cell structures:
• Cell Membrane
• Nucleus
• Cytoplasm with organelles
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Basic Structure of a Cell
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• Outer covering of cell
• Made of protein and phospholipids
• Selectively permeable---
Cell membrane
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Controls the normal activities of the cell
Bound by a nuclear membrane (function?)
Contains chromosomes
Nucleus
Each cell has fixed number of chromosomes that carry genes that give the cell its characteristics
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Nucleolus
Inside the nucleus; makes ribosomes16
Jelly-like substance enclosed by cell membrane
Provides a medium for chemical reactions to take place