INTRODUCTION TO CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

INTRODUCTION TOCARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

Kaan Yücel M.D., Ph.D.

26. February.2014 wednesday

transports fluids throughout the body.

the heart and blood vessels make up the blood transportation network, the cardiovascular system.

Cardiovascular (Circulatory) System

Cardiovascular (Circulatory) SystemHeart pumps blood throughout the bodyBlood vessels, closed network of tubes, transport the blood.

3 types of blood vessels Arteries transport blood away from the heart. Veins transport blood toward the heart.Capillaries connect the arteries and veins.

where oxygen, nutrients, and wastes are exchanged within the tissues.

Cardiovascular (Circulatory) SystemArteries in 3 classes

according to1. Amount of smooth muscles & elastic fibers @ tunica media2. Size of the vessel3. Its function

1. Large elastic arteries

2. Medium muscular arteries

3. Small arteries and arterioles

Cardiovascular (Circulatory) SystemLarge elastic arteries

Too much elastic fibers @ tunica mediaExpansion and recoil and constant blood flow to the heart

An example aorta

Cardiovascular (Circulatory) SystemMedium muscular arteries

Smooth muscles @ tunica media Regulation of the diameter of vessels and control of the flow to the parts of the body.

An example radial artery

Cardiovascular (Circulatory) SystemSmall arteries and arterioles

control the filling of the capillaries contribute to the arterial pressure in the vascular system.

Cardiovascular (Circulatory) SystemVeins into three classes

Large veins thickest layer tunica externa superior vena cava & inferior vena cava

Small and medium veins small amounts of smooth musclesuperficial veins in the upper and lower limbs deeper veins of the leg and forearm

Venulessmallest veins drain the capillaries

Cardiovascular (Circulatory) SystemWalls of the blood vessels consist of

three layers or tunics1. tunica externa (adventitia) outer connective tissue

layer2. tunica media middle smooth muscle layer 3. tunica intima inner endothelial lining of the blood

vessels

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Right heart (Suction)poorly- oxygenated(venous) blood

from the bodysuperior vena cava & inferior vena cava right atrium right ventricle

pulmonary arteries lungs

Left heart (Pumping)well- oxygenated (arterial) blood

from the lungs pulmonary veins

left atrium left ventricleaorta

the body

Cardiovascular (Circulatory) SystemThe main artery in the body aorta.

Arteries have also branches themselves.

Cardiovascular (Circulatory) SystemBlood flow in arteries

Blood flow in veins

Cardiovascular (Circulatory) System

Arteries have branchesArteries from the artery

Veins have tributaries Veins drain into veins

maxillary artery

Some arteries divided into part by distinct muscles!

Cardiovascular (Circulatory) Systemanastomosis stoma= mouth

Lymphatic systema network of lymphatic vessels

These vessels take the excess tissue fluid lymph from the body's intercellular fluid compartment

returns it to the bloodstream.

Lymphatic systemlymph

lymph vessels

regional lymph nodes

larger lymph nodes

venous system

Right heartFinal destination

Functions of the Lymphatic system1)to maintain the pressure and volume of the interstitial

fluid and blood by returning excess water & dissolved substances from the interstitial fluid to circulation

2) lymph nodes and other lymphoid tissues site of clonal production of immunocompetent

lymphocytes & macrophages in the specific immune response

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GREAT VESSELS

posterior to the sternoclavicular (SC) joints.

brachiocephalic veins unite to form the SVC.

@ inferior border of the 1st right costal cartilage

shunt blood from the head, neck, & upper limbs right atrium.

RIGHT & LEFT BRACHIOCEPHALIC VEINS formed by the union of internal jugular & subclavian veins

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Returns blood from all structures superior to the diaphragmexcept the lungs

& heart.

Passes inferiorly and ends by entering right atrium of the heart.

SUPERIOR VENA CAVA (SVC)

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begins at the aortic orifice.

only branches coronary arteries, arising from the aortic sinuses.

ASCENDING AORTA

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begins posterior to the 2nd right sternocostal (SC) joint at the level of the sternal angle. ligamentum arteriosum remnant of the fetal ductus arteriosus

root of the left pulmonary artery inferior surface of the arch of the aorta

The usual branches of the arch 1) brachiocephalic trunk2) left common carotid artery3) left subclavian artery.

Arch of the aorta (Aortic arch)curved continuation of the

ascending aorta

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arises posterior to the manubrium. ascends superolaterallydivides into right common carotid & right subclavian arteries.

BRACHIOCEPHALIC TRUNKfirst and largest branch of the arch of the aorta

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arises o posterior to the manubrium, o slightly posterior and to the left of the brachiocephalic trunk.

LEFT COMMON CAROTID ARTERYsecond branch of the arch of the aorta

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arises from the posterior part of the arch

posterior to left common carotid artery.

ascends lateral to trachea & left common carotid artery.

Leaves the thorax and enters the root of the neck.

LEFT SUBCLAVIAN ARTERYthird branch of the arch of the

aorta

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Abdominal aorta