Introduction to Bios & Configuration.pdf

7/28/2019 Introduction to Bios & Configuration.pdf

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1

BIOS

BIOS is a software located inside the ROM chips, which consists of low level software that controls the systemhardware and act as an interface between the operating system hardware.

POSTWhen we switch on the power of a computer it literally rediscover itself. This is done through it literally

rediscover itself. This is done through POST (Power On Self Test). During Post the system BIOS communication with

all essential hardware devices like keyboard, mouse, disk drives, RAM, display adaptor etc. and in essence tells them to

identify themselves. Then run internal diagnostic routine and report back to BIOS. It one of the device reports and report

back to BIOS. If one of the device reports on error condition back to the BIOS, then the BIOS reports this back to the

user by using special POST error code. It gives msg. by 2 ways.1. Beep error

2. Message Error (Numeric and Text Code)

Error Codes Devices100 Series (100-199) Motherboard

200 Series (200-299) RAM

300 Series (300-399) Keyboard

400 Series (400-499) Monochrome Video

500 Series (500-599) Color Video

600 Series (600-699) Floppy drive

1700 Series (1700-1799) Hard Disk

System start

BIOS

No error Error stop

MBR

Beep Message

No error Error stop

Os - load

User log on windows




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MBR (Master Boot Record), where all the OS files are stored.

IO.SYS, MSDOS.SYS, Command.Com, NTLDR etc. are known as the OS files.

Post error beep codes

Every time a computer is switched on it performs a short diagnostic routing known as the POST, or power on

self test. The POST is a small program contained in the BIOS. It checks that basic hardware is present and perform a rudimentary memory test the POST announces the results of its routing both audibly (a series of

beep on the PC speaker) and visually (displaying a brief summary or codes on the screen). The audible

method is essential since a fault may exist with the graphics card or monitor .it all is well, the computer typically emits single beeps and carries on booting. The number and duration of the beeps is intended as acoded message and understanding them will allow you to diagnose any problem the computer may have

The code vary according to the manufacture of the BIOS, here are some of the more common codes:

AMI BIOSNumber and duration of beeps Message

one short DRAM refresh failure

two short Parity circuit failure

Three short Base 64K RAM failure

four short System timer failure

five short Processor failure

six short Keyboard controller / Gate A20 failure

seven short Virtual Mode Exception error

eight short Display memory read / Write failure (fault with video card)

nine short ROM BIOS checksum error(fault with BIOS chip)

ten short CMOS shutdown read / write error

eleven short Cache memoryone long Passed (no errors)

one long, two short Video failure

one long, three short Base / Extended Memory failure

one long, eight short Display / Retrace Test failure

AWARD BIOS

Number and duration of beeps Message

one short Passed(no errors)

two short Any non-fatal error

one long, two short Video failure

one long, three short Keyboard controller failure(applies to 286, 386 and 486)

IBM BIOS

Number and dur ation of beeps Message

None Power supply system Board failure

One short Passed(no errors)

One short(Blank screen) Video error(check cable)

One short( no boot) Floppy Drive error

Two short Configuration error(displayed on screen)




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Repeating short Power supply or system board failure

Continuous Power supply or system board / keyboard stuck

one long, one short System board failure

one long, two short Video(Mono / CGA) failure (check cable)

one long, three short Video (EGA) Failure (check cable)

Three short Keyboard card error

Phoenix BIOS

One, One, three CMOS read / write

One, One, four ROM BIOS checksum failure

One, two, one Programmable interval timer failure

One, two, two DMA initialization failure

One, two, three DMA page register Read / write failure

One, three, one RAM refresh verification error

One, three, three First 64K RAM chip / data line failure

One, three, four First 64K RAM odd / even logic

One, four, one First 64K RAM : Address lineOne, four, two First 64K RAM : Parity failure

One, four, three Fail – time feature (EISA only)

One, four, four Software NMI port failure (EISA only)

Two (followed by various

combinations.)

First 64K chip / data line failure (combination indicate which bit)

Three, one, one Slave DMA register failure

Three, one, two Master DMA register failure

Three, one, three Master interrupt mask register failure

Three, one, four Slave interrupt mask register failure

Three, two, four Keyboard controlled failure

Three, three, four Display memory failure

Three, four, one Display retrace failure

Three, four, two Video ROM search proceeding

Four, two, one Timer tick failure

Four, two, two Shut down failure

Four, two, three Gate A20 failure

Four, two, four Unexpected interrupt in protected mode

Four, three, one RAM test above 64K failure

Four, three, two / three Programmable interval timer, Channel 2 failure

Four, three, four Real-time clock failure

Four, four, one Serial port error

Four, four, two Parallel port error

Four, four, three Math co - processor failure(Tone)one, one, System board select

(Tone)one, one, Extender CMOS RAM




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Types of BIOS: -1. AMI BIOS (American mega trends Inc Corporation)

2. Award Bios3. Phoenix Bios

Note:-

Press “DEL” key after starting the system to enter on the BIOS of AMI & AWARD. Press “F10” to load the BIOS of Compaq

Press “Ctrl+Alt+sc” to load the BIOS of Accer.

Press “F1” or “F2” for PHOENIX.

PHOENIX = menu type

AMI = Single column/Double Column

AWARD = Double Column

PHOENIX: - (For Setup)

1. Main

BIOS version

Processor Type : Intel/ Celeron type

Processor Speed : In MHZ of GHZ

System Bus Speed : In MHZ

Cache RAM :

Total Memory : Main Memory capacity of Mm.( Dynamic RAM)

Memory Bank 0 : 1st priority is bank 0 and then only 1& 2



Language : Preferred Language

System Time/ System Date : In large network system domain and client system time and date should be approx.

same. If not it is not possible to run system.(BIOS, Task Bar, Control Panel to change time and date)

2. Advanced

Set up warning

PCI configuration

PCI slot 1 IRQ (interrupt request) priority Auto

3

4

5

9

10

Boot configuration

Plug & play O/S [No]

Reset config. Data [No]

Num lock [No]

(Computer is properly working and boots when num lock lit)




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Things to remember during checking bios

IRQ No. Devices

0 System Timer

1 Keyboard

2 For use (PCI Slot)

3 Default Com 24 Default Com1

5 Sound card (LPT 2)

6 Floppy disk drive

7 LPT 1 (Printer)

8 Real time clock(only for processor, located inside processor)

9 Open for use

10 USB

11 PS/2

12 Math coprocessor (ALU)

13 Primary Hard Disk Controller (IDE 1)

14

Secondary Hard Disk Controller (IDE 2)




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Peripheral Configuration

Serial Prot A Disable / Enable/ Auto — IRQ-4, I/O Add: 3F8

Serial Prot B Disable / Enable/ Auto — IRQ-3, I/O Add: 3F8

Mode Normal

Parallel Port Default Port — LPT1 Enable/Auto – IRQ: 7 I/O add: 3F8

Mode (Bi- directional) – use in network output only

EPP

ECP – Error correction port

Audio Device Enable/ Disable

Legacy USB support Enable/ Disable

IDE Configuration

Note:- After adding on storage device (i.e. HDD, CD-ROM) & after removing any storage device go to BIOS and presson IDE configuration of Auto detect hard disk to update IDE configuration.

IDE controller : (Both/ Disable/Primary/ Secondary)

PCI IDE bus master : (Enabled/ Disabled)

Hard Disk Pre Delay : (Disabled / 3, 6,9,12,15,21,30 seconds)If not disabled, Data read and write will be slow according to time setting.

Primary IDE master:

Diskette Configuration

Diskette Controller : (Enabled/ Disabled)

Floppy A : (Not installed/ 360 KB/ 1.2 MB/ 720Kb/1.44/1.25 MB/2.88 MB)

Diskette Write Protect : (Enabled/ Disabled)

Event Log Configurations

Event log : Space Available

Event log Validity :

View event log :

Cleat all event logs : (yes/ no)

Event Logging : (enable/ disable)

ECC Event logging : (enable/ disable)

Mark Events as Read : (yes/no)

Video Configuration

AGP Aperture size : 64 MB * Always* [Default size] {If 52MB 3D card on setup 256 MB}

Primary Video Adaptor : AGP/PCI

3. Security

Supervisor Password Is (Not allowed)

User Password Is (Not installed)

Set supervisor password (---------------)

Set user password




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4. Power

ACPI

After Power failure (Last State/ stay off/ power on )

Wake on LAN (Stay off/ Power On)

Wake on PME (Stay off/ Power on)

Wake on Modem King (Stay off/ Power on)

5. Boot

Quiet Boot (Enabled)

Intel(R) Rapid Bios boot (Enabled)

Scan User Flash Area (Disabled)

USB Boot (Enabled)

PXE Remote Boot (Enabled)

Boot Device Priority

Note: At the time of installing OS make first boot device CD-ROM otherwise Hard Disk or IDEO

6. ExitExit Storage Changes (yes/no)

Exit Discarding Changes (yes/no)

Load setup defaults (yes/no)

Load Custom Defaults (yes/no)

Save Custom Defaults (yes/no)

Load Custom Defaults (yes/no)

Discard Changes (yes/no)

]

AWARD BIOS (For Setup):-

1. Standard CMOS Features

Date

Time

IDE Primary Master [ ] Depends on Device installed

IDE Primary Slave [ ] Depends on Device Installed

IDE Secondary Master [ ] Depends on Device Installed

IDE Secondary Slave [ ] Depends on Device Installed

Drive A [ ] type o FDD

Drive B [ ] {latest for 3D cards}

Video [EGA/VGA/SVGA] 32/24 bit (16 million colors)

[EGA 40] 4 Color

[EGA 80] 8 Color

None 2 Color

Half on [All but keyboard] always set this functionBase memory [640] to operate system (mix requirement)

Extended memory 129024 KB

Total Memory 130048 KB




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2. Advanced Bios Features

Virus warning [Enabled] (At the time of installing OS virus warning should be "disabled",otherwise "enabled")

CPU Internal Cache [Enabled]

External cache [Enabled]

Processor number feature [Enabled]Quick power on self test [enabled]

First Boot Device [CD- ROM] {while installing OS other time )

Second Boot Device [HDD}

Third Boot Device [ ] as required

Boot other Device [ ] as required

Swap floppy drive [Disabled]

Boot up floppy seek [enabled]

Boot up Num Lock status [on]

Gate A20 option [fast/normal] for keyboard

Typematic rate setting [disabled]

Typematic rate [ ] not neededTypematic delay [ ] not needed

Security option [System/setup] system for both BIOS and OS]

OS select for DRAM> 64B [non-OS2]

Report No. FDD for WIN 95 [No]

3. Advanced Chipset Features

(Check at Home)

4. Integrated Peripherals

On- Chip Primary PCI IDE [Enabled]

On- Chip Secondary PCIIKE [Enabled]

USB controlled [Enabled]

USB Keyboard Support [Enabled]

Imt Display First [PCI slot / Onboard] AGP

AC 97 Audio [Auto / Disabled]

AC 97 Modem [Auto / Disabled]

IDE HDD Block Mode [Enabled]

Power on Function [Button only]

On board FDC controlled [Enabled]

On board Serial Port 1 [3F8 / IRQ4]

Onboard Serial Port 2 [2F8 / IRQ 3]

VART Mode Select [Normal]

Onboard parallel port [378 / IRQ 7]Parallel port mode [SPP]

EPP mode selects [EPP 1-7]

ECP mode use DMA 3

PWRON after PWR-fail [OFF]

Game port address [Disabled / 207 / 209]

Mini Port Address [330 / 3001 / 298 / Disabled]

Mini Port IRQ [10 / 5]




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5. PC health Status

CPU waxing Temperature [ ]

Shut Down Temperature [ ]

6. Power Management Setup

ACPI Function [Disabled]Power Management [User Define]

Video off method [V/H Sys + Block]

Video off in Suspend [No]

Suspend type [Stop Grant]

Modem use IRQ [open for PCI Slot]

Suspend Mode [Disabled]

HDD power down [D]

Soft-off by PWR- [Instant Off]

Wake up by PCI card [Disabled]

Power in by Ring [Disabled]

CPU Thermal-Throttling [Average Setting]Resume by Alarm [Disabled]

AMI BIOS

1. CPU configuration Setup Never Change it.

2. Peripheral Setup

Duplex Mode Full (when 2 VGA Card is used we can apply 2 monitor at that the select full.)

4. Hardware Monitor Setup

Hardware monitor support Disabled

5. Standard CMOS Setup Same Function

6. Auto Detect Hard Disk Same Function

7. Advanced CMOS Setup

SMART for hard disk Enabled (*always) (*self monitoring analyzing report technology)

8. Advanced Chipset Setup

SDRAM lead off and Timing Auto

In AMI BIOS, Following should be checked:-

1. System Date and Time

2. Auto Detect Hard Disk

3. Boot Sequence

4. Password

5. Never change processor speed

6. IDE Controlled – enable both

7. USB Controlled – enable8. Boot virus protection – Disable

9. SMAT for hard disk – enable

10. windows aperture size- 64 MB




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Trouble Shooting

If system is halted then check IDE configuration i.e. IDE data cable

Date (of month) 0

Time (HH:MM:SS) 00:00:00

Reload Global Time Events

Primary IDE 0 [D]Primary IDE 1 [D]

Secondary IDE 0 [D]

Secondary IDE 0 [D]

Secondary IDE 1 [D]

FDD, COM, LPT Port [D]

PCI PIRQ [A-D] # [D]

7. PnP / PCI Configuration (PnP-Plug and Play)

Reset configuration data (disabled)

Resources controlled by [Auto (ESCD0] (*Extended system configuration data)

IRQ Resources Press Enter PCI/ VGA Palette Snoop [Disabled]

8. Frequency / Voltage Control

Auto detect DIMM/PCI [Enabled]

Speed Spectrum [Disabled] (related with monitor)

Host CPU/DIMM/PCI Clock Default (*Processor speed range)

CPU clock rate [ ] (*multiply range)

BIOS Troubleshooting

1. Gate A20 Error :- Error on keyboard controller.

2. BIOS ROM check sum error :-Error in chip, sometimes it will function by making autodefault setup. If time error occurs after making default, change the ROM

BIOS Chip.

3. Driver Error :- Primary / Secondary, Hard Disk type may occur.

4. Cache Memory Bad : - Error 00 L1 & L2 Cache (Replace CPU)

5. CMOS Batter Fail : - Replace CMOS Battery.

6. CMOS Check Sum Error : - Replace the CMOS battery, if it occurs after replacing the battery, thenthere is error on ROM BIOS chip.

7. Data Error : - The media is error (If these are error in source data)

8. Drive Not Ready : - Check the drive (Auto detects Hard disk)

9. Floppy Disk Fail : - Check on the BIOS.

10. Hard disk geometry fail : - Check the configuration of HDD (head, sector, cylinder etc)11. Hard disk failure : - Check the cable.

12. Incompatible Processor : - The BIOS doesn’t support the processor.

13. Insert Bootable Media : - Check CD or Floppy

14. Invalid Boot Diskette : - Replace the Floppy.

15. I/O card parity error : - Expansion card Fail (Modem, N/W card etc)

16. Memory parity error : - An error occurred on memory (Replace Memory)

17. Memory size changed : - Memory size increased / decreased (Go to BIOS and auto detect)

18. Keyboard Controlled failure : - Keyboard Interface failure.




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19. Not Boot Device Available : - Check proper boot Device.

20. Not Boot Sector on HDD : - Configure the Disk Properly (Auto Detect)

21. Disk error : - There is no Bootable Operating System

22. Parity Error : - Error on System Memory

23. Primary Master Hard Disk Fail : - Check the IDE controller

To Check BIOS in details:www.megatrends.com

www.award.com

www.phonix.com

http://www.megatrends.com/


http://www.award.com/


http://www.phonix.com/








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BEEP CODE

A sample of the PHONIX BIOS beep code Set : -

BEEP Meaning1-2-3 CMOS Memory Error1-1-4 BIOS Fai led1-2-1 System Time Error1-2-2 Motherboard Error

1-2-3 Motherboard Error1-3-1 Motherboard Error1-4-1 Motherboard Error1-4-2 Memory Error

2….. Memory Failure (2 beeps Followed by any beep combination)3-1- Chipset Error ( 3 beep followed by 1 beep, followed by any beeps combinations)

3-2-4 Keyboard Controlle r Error3-3-4 Video Adapter Failure4-2-4 Expansion Card Failure4-3-4 Time Date Clock Failur e4-4-1 Serial Port Error4-4-2 Paral lel Port Error

4-4-3 Math Coprocessor Error

A Sample of the AWARD BIOS beep Code Set: -

Beep MEANING1 Long Memory Error

1 Long, 2 Short Video Error

1 Long, 3 Short Video FailureContinuous Beeps Memory or Video Failure

A Sample of the Standard IBM BIOS beep Code Set : -

Beeps MEANINGNo Beeps Power Supply Failure

Repeating Short Beeps Power Supply or System Board Failure

1 Short POST is Complete

2 Short POST is Complete1 Long, 1 Short System Board Error

1 Long, 2 Short Video Display Adapter Failure

1 long, 3 Short Video Display Adapter Error3 long Keyboard Error




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A Sample of the AMI BIOS beep Code Set : -

Beeps MEANING1 Short Post Is Complete

2 Short Memory Error

3 Short Memory Parity Error

4 Short System Timer Failure

5 Short Motherboard Failure

6 Short Keyboard Controller Failure7 Short CPU Failure

8 Short Video Adapter Failure

9 Short ROM BIOS Checksum Error

10 Short CMOS Read/Write Error

11 Short Cache Memory Error

1 Long, 3 Short Memory Failure

1 Long, 8 Short Video Adapter Failure

Introduction to Bios & Configuration.pdf

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