Introduction to Biology. Lecture 33 Alexey Shipunov Minot State University November 21, 2012 Shipunov (MSU) Introduction to Biology. Lecture 33 November 21, 2012 1 / 26
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Introduction to Biology. Lecture 33
Alexey Shipunov
Minot State University
November 21, 2012
Shipunov (MSU) Introduction to Biology. Lecture 33 November 21, 2012 1 / 26
Outline
1 Where we are?
2 Jurassic parkFrom Triassic to CretaceousJurassic and Cretaceous flora and fauna
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Outline
1 Where we are?
2 Jurassic parkFrom Triassic to CretaceousJurassic and Cretaceous flora and fauna
Shipunov (MSU) Introduction to Biology. Lecture 33 November 21, 2012 2 / 26
Where we are?
The seed
Trees need a control over their reproduction, that was a reason totake haploid stage insideSeed = seed coat (2n) + endosperm (n) + embryo (2n)
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Where we are?
Life cycle of seed plants (please do not faint)
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Jurassic park From Triassic to Cretaceous
Jurassic parkFrom Triassic to Cretaceous
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Jurassic park From Triassic to Cretaceous
From Triassic to Cretaceous
Mesosoic era:
Triassic: starts 252 MyaJurassic: starts 201 MyaCretaceous: starts 145 Mya, ends 66 Mya
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Jurassic park From Triassic to Cretaceous
Triassic period
Pangea broke (part of Africa adhered to North America)
Climate becoming wetter
Grasshopper-like insects radiated
Synapsid reptiles declined, dinosaurs and pterosaurs appeared
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Jurassic park From Triassic to Cretaceous
Jurassic period
Atlantic ocean and Rocky mountains appeared
Peak of dinosaur diversity
Birds appeared as a lineage of small flying dinosaurs
In the sea, ammonites and primitive fish dominated
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Jurassic park From Triassic to Cretaceous
Cretaceous period
High level of water (second high after Devonian), warm climate even onNorth and South poles, sea in North Dakota
Flowering plants appeared and rapidly colonized all land
Butterflies and flies appeared
Terrestrial dinosaurs slowly declined and finally disappeared in the veryend of period
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Jurassic park From Triassic to Cretaceous
Subdivisions of Cretaceous
Hauterivian: first flowering plants (pollen)
Barremian/Aptian: Famous Yixianformation (China)
Maastrichtian: end of dinosaur age
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Jurassic park Jurassic and Cretaceous flora and fauna
Jurassic parkJurassic and Cretaceous flora and
fauna
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Jurassic park Jurassic and Cretaceous flora and fauna
Terrestrial flora
Spermatophyta
Non-angiosperm seed plants (“gymnosperms”)Magnoliopsida (angiosperms, flowering plants)
Pteridophyta
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Jurassic park Jurassic and Cretaceous flora and fauna
Archaefructus (discovered in 2002, Yixian)
Water plant withvery primitivereproductive organs
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Jurassic park Jurassic and Cretaceous flora and fauna
Terrestrial fauna
AmphibiaReptilia
Synapsida: ancestors of mammals, e.g., pelycosaursAnapsida: turtles and many extinct lineages like pareiasaurs fromPermianDiapsida: the most diverse reptilian group
Aves (departed from Diapsida)Mammalia (in transition from synapsid reptiles to core mammals)
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Jurassic park Jurassic and Cretaceous flora and fauna
Subdivisions of reptiles
A Anapsid skull
B Synapsid skull
C Diapsid skull
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Jurassic park Jurassic and Cretaceous flora and fauna
Tricodont proto-mammal
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Jurassic park Jurassic and Cretaceous flora and fauna
Diapsid reptiles
Ichthyosauria: marine, dolphin-like reptilesSauropterygia: placodonts and plesiosaursLepidosauria: lizards, snakes and extinct mosasaursArchosauromorpha: crocodiles, dinosaurs (including ancestors ofbirds)
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Jurassic park Jurassic and Cretaceous flora and fauna
Ichthyosaur
Ichthyosaurs were viviparous. Note also the vertical fin.
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Jurassic park Jurassic and Cretaceous flora and fauna
Placodont
Covered with skin plates, eat mollusks.
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Jurassic park Jurassic and Cretaceous flora and fauna
Plesiosaurs
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Jurassic park Jurassic and Cretaceous flora and fauna
Mosasaur
From North Dakota!
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Jurassic park Jurassic and Cretaceous flora and fauna
Archosauromorph reptiles
Crocodylomorpha: advanced behavior, four-chambered heartPterosauria: archosaur “bats”, some with fur-like cover. Note thatskin membrane is not very effective wing.Dinosauria: bipedal archosaurs:
Ornithischia: “bird-hipped”, include ankylosaurs, stegosaurs,ornithopods, ceratopsiaSaurischia: “lizard-hipped”:
A Theropoda: true bipedal, carnivorous or insectivorous, mostlyfeathered
B Sauropodomorpha: secondary quadrupedal, small heads, longnecks, long tails; largest dinosaurs
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Jurassic park Jurassic and Cretaceous flora and fauna
Dinosaurs in time
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Jurassic park Jurassic and Cretaceous flora and fauna
Yutyrannus from China, newest reconstruction
feathered, warm-blood, social
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Jurassic park Jurassic and Cretaceous flora and fauna
Summary
Yurassic period was a peak of dinosaur diversity
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Jurassic park Jurassic and Cretaceous flora and fauna
For Further Reading
Walking with dinosaurs (film).http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walking_with_Dinosaurs
Reptiles.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reptile
Dinosaurs.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinosaur
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