Introduction to Aviation - Lecture 1

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Ali KhalidM.Sc Avionics System

University of Sheffield, United Kingdom.

Interests:

Travelling, aerospace, books.

Office:Aviation Lab

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Teaching style

Power point slides

Study notes

Assessment

Assignments 3 each 5%Quiz 2 each 5%

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Course Work 25%Assignments 15%Quiz 10%

Mid Term 25%

Final exam 50%

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Resource personAli Khalid

Department of Aviation Management & Technology

Superior University, Lahore.

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Aviation is derived from avis, the Latin word for bird

Aviation is the design, development, production,

operation, and use ofaircraft, especially heavier-than-air aircraft.

So its a very vast and diverse field.

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We can divide aviation into

General aviation Civil aviation Military aviation

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General aviation includes all non-scheduled civil flying,both private and commercial.

General aviation may include business flights, aircharter, private aviation, flight training, ballooning,parachuting, gliding, hang gliding, aerial photography,foot-launched powered hang gliders, air ambulance,

crop dusting, charter flights, traffic reporting, police airpatrols and forest fire fighting.

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Each country regulates aviation differently, but generalaviation usually falls under different regulationsdepending on whether it is private or commercial and

on the type of equipment involved. The most important recent developments for small

aircraft have been the introduction of advanced

avionics (including GPS) that were formerly found

only in large airliners, and the introduction ofcomposite materials to make small aircraft lighter

and faster.

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Civil aviation includes all non-military flying, bothgeneral aviation and scheduled air transport.

Air transport There are five major manufacturers of civil transport

aircraft. Airbus, based in Europe Boeing, based in the United States Bombardier, based in Canada Embraer, based in Brazil United Aircraft Corporation, based in Russia

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Boeing and airbus concentrate on wide-body andnarrow-body jet airliners.

while Bombardier, Embraer concentrate on regionalairliners.

Large networks of specialized parts suppliers from

around the world support these manufacturers, whosometimes provide only the initial design and finalassembly in their own plants

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Simple balloons were used as surveillance aircraft asearly as the 18th century.

Over the years, military aircraft have been built to meetever increasing capability requirements.

Manufacturers of military aircraft compete for contractsto supply their government's arsenal. Aircraft areselected based on factors like cost, performance, andthe speed of production.

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Fighter aircraft's primary function is to destroy otheraircraft. (e.g.) F-16, F-15, Mig-29 and so on....

Ground attack aircraft are used against tactical earth-

bound targets. (e.g.) Stuka, A-10, Su-25 etc... Bombers are generally used against more strategic

targets, such as factories and oil fields. (e.g) Mirage ,Mig-23, B-52 etc.....

Transport aircraft are used to transport hardware and

personnel. (e.g.) C-130, C-5 galaxy, A400M etc.... Surveillance and reconnaissance aircraft obtain

information about enemy forces. (e.g.) SR-71, Mig-35etc...

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4 forces acting on aircraft

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The force produced by the mass of the airplaneinteracting with the earth's gravitational field

Weight is a force caused by the gravitational attractionof the earth.

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An upward force that causes an object to rise

Lift is a mechanical force generated by a solid object

moving through a fluid.

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Drag is a mechanical force generated by a solid objectmoving through a fluid.

Greater the speed of the aircraft the greater the drag.

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