Introduction to Asylum Law Introduction to Asylum Law Franziska G. Faßbinder
Introduction to Asylum Law
Introduction to Asylum Law
Franziska G. Faßbinder
Agenda
• Basic Terms
• Asylum Procedure
Claim for Asylum
Application
Dublin Procedure
Hearing at the BAMF
Protection Status
• Alternatives for the Refugee Status
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Introduction to Asylum Law
Introduction to Asylum Law
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Basic Terms
BAMF / Bundesamt
Bundesamt für Migration und Flüchtlinge. Federeal Office for Migration and Refugees, responsible for the legal procedure of seeking asylum
Foreigners Office, enforces the decision from the BAMF, issuance of the residence permit, employment permit, carry out the removal.
BüMA Bescheinigung über die Meldung als Asylsuchender. Certificate on the notification as an asylum seeker.
Ausländer-behörde
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Basic Terms
Sicherer Herkunfts-
staat
Residence permit for the duration of the asylum procedure, § 55 AsylVfG
Safe country of origin. EU member states, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Ghana, Macedonia , Senegal, Serbia, Albania , Montenegro and Kosovo. Asylum applications from these countries are generally rejected as obviously unfounded. .
Aufenthalts-gestattung
GFK
Genfer Flüchtlingskonvention :Convention Relating on the Status of Refugees / 1951 Refugee Concention. Defines who is a refugee and sets out the rights of individuals who a granted asylum.
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Basic Terms
Subsidiär Schutz-
berechtigter
Refugees under the Geneva Convention. Legal defined in § 3 I AsylVfG .
Person entitled to subsidiary protection. Person who is not a refugee, but that would threaten the country of origin of serious injury, § 4 I AsylVfG .
Tolerated person who does not enjoy protection status, but ( temporarily ) can not be deported. A temporary suspension of deportation is not a residence permit .
Flüchtling
Geduldeter
Asylum Procedure
Franziska G. Faßbinder
Entry
Claim for Asylum
Application
Dublin Procedure
Hearing at the BAMF
Basis for the Decision
Protection Status
Decision
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Das Asylverfahren
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Einreise
Asylgesuch
Aktenanlage
Zulässigkeit Dublin-Verfahren
Anhörung beim BAMF
Entscheidungs-grundlage
Schutzstatus
Entscheidung
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Claim For Asylum:
• “Expressed desire to seek protection”
• Beginning of terms
• BüMa
• Distribution to reception centres for immigrants
• „Residenzpflicht“ Residence obligation, § 59 AsylVfG
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Entry
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Claim for Asylum
BüMA:
Certificate on the notification as an asylum seeker
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Application:
• At the branch of the BAMF
• „little interview“ about the escape route
• No questions about the reasons for the escape
• Residence permit (Aufenthaltsgestattung) § 55 I 1 AsylVfG
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Entry
Claim for Asylum
Application
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Residence permit:
Aufenthalts-gestattung
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Dublin Procedure - Admissibility
• Objectives of the Dublin procedure
• General jurisdiction rules
• Responsibility by the deadline
• Special responsibility criteria
• Sovereignty clause
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Entry Application
Dublin Procedure
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Claim for Asylum
Dublin Procedure Objectives of the Dublin procedure
• Procedure efficiency
• Avoiding the so-called "forum shopping” and
“refugee in orbit”
Only one Member State is to carry out the asylum procedure
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Dublin Procedure General jurisdiction rules
• The state which granted the foreigners a residence permit Art. 12 I Dublin III VO
• The state which granted the foreigner a visa , Art. 12 II Dublin III
• The state which borders the asylum seeker has passed coming illegally from a third country . Article 13 I Dublin III VO
• In which the asylum seeker has previously resided illegally at least five months Article 13 II Dublin III VO
• The state which let the foreigner enter without a visa, Art. 14 Dublin III VO
• The state which let the foreigners in the international transit area of an airport, Art. 15 Dublin III VO.
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Introduction to Asylum Law
Dublin Procedure
Initiation
Consent
Deportation
Finger Prints
Results in the EURODAC database?
Admission
Notification
Initiation of the Dublin Procedure
Admission application to the (presumed) responsible state
Consent or fiction of consent
Notification about the responsibility of the concerned state
Deportation, if possible within time limit.
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Introduction to Asylum Law
Dublin Procedure
Notification
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Dublin Procedure Responsibility by the deadline
• Different starting points for the deadline
• Various conditions for the time period
• Hit in the EURODAC database
• Retrial procedure
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Fingerprints
Initiation
Admission
Consent/ Fiction of Consent
Deportation
Requesting state becomes
responsible
Requesting state becomes
responsible
Requested state becomes responsible
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Dublin Procedure Responsibility by the deadline
Notification
Dublin Procedure Special responsibility criteria
• Special protection of minors, Art. 6 Dublin III-VO (
Art. 8 Dublin III-VO)
• Family unity, Art. 9 bis 11 Dublin III-VO
• Dependent persons, Art 16 Dublin III-VO
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Dublin Procedure
Sovereignty clause
• Risk of violations of rights in the responsible state
• Systematic failures: extreme poverty, basic needs are not covered obviousness of these failures is required
• Beyond dispute: Greek
• In dispute: Italy, Bulgaria, Malta, Poland, Romania and Hungary
• Important: current jurisdiction
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Dublin Procedure - Admissibility
• Objectives of the Dublin procedure
• General jurisdiction rules
• Responsibility by the deadline
• Special responsibility criteria
• Sovereignty clause
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Entry Application
Dublin Procedure
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Claim for Asylum
Hearing at the BAMF:
• Personal hearing at the branch of the BAMF
• Explanation of individual reasons for flight
• Right to be heard in the native language, § 17 AsylVfG
• Person of trust § 25 I AsylVfG
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Entry Application
Dublin Procedure
Hearing at the BAMF
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Claim for Asylum
Basis for the decision:
• Protocoll of the hearing
• No personal identity between the interviewer and the decision maker
• Substantination for the reasons of the flight
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Entry Application
Dublin Procedure
Hearing at the BAMF
Basis for the decision
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Claim for Asylum
Protection Status:
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Entry Application
Dublin Procedure
Basis for the Decison
Protection Status
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Claim for Asylum
Hearing at the BAMF
§ 60 II - VII AufenthG Prohibition of Deportation
Art. 16 a
GG
§ 3 I AsylVfG
Refugee Status
§ 4 I AsylVfG
Subsidiairy Protection
Art. 16a GG – Right of Asylum according to the Constitution
• Fulfilling the conditions for the granting of refugee status
• Without flight alternative within the country of origin
• No entry via a "safe third country"
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Entry Application
Dublin Procedure
Basis for the Decison
Protection Status
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Claim for Asylum
Hearing at the BAMF
§ 3 I AsylVfG – Refugee Status:
• Outside the country of nationality or stateless persons
• From founded fear of persecution
• Because of race, nationality ,political opinion or membership in a particular social group
• Protection not possible in the country of origin
• No exclusion (§ 3 II AsylVfG)
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Entry Application
Dublin Procedure
Basis for the Decison
Protection Status
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Claim for Asylum
Hearing at the BAMF
§ 4 I AsylVfG – European subsidiary Protection:
• Threat of serious injury in the country of origin
• Protection is not possible in the country of origin
• No exclusion
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Entry Application
Dublin Procedure
Basis for the Decison
Protection Status
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Claim for Asylum
Hearing at the BAMF
§ 60 AufenthG Prohibition of Deportation:
• Obstacles for deportation caused by the country of destination specific conditions in the country of destination of the deportation
• Ex officio review
• § 60 V AufenthG: Danger of violation of human rights
• § 60 VII AufenthG: Danger for life, health or freedom
• Within the Asylpaket II significant restriction of § 60 VII AufenthG
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Entry Application
Dublin Procedure
Basis for the Decison
Protection Status
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Claim for Asylum
Hearing at the BAMF
§ 60 a AufenthG „temporary suspension of deportation“:
• domestic related obstacles for deportation.
• § 60a II 1 AufenthG deportation is not enforceable by facts
• §60a II 2 AufenthG urgent humanitarian reasons
• Not a residence permit!
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Entry Application Protection Status
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Dublin Procedure
Basis for the Decison
Claim for Asylum
Hearing at the BAMF
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Entry Application Hearing at the BAMF
Protection Status
§ 25 I 1 AufenthG § 25 II 1 Var. 1 AufenthG § 25 II 1 Var. 2
AufenthG § 25 III AufenthG
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Decision Dublin
Procedure Basis for the
Decison Claim for Asylum
§ 60 II - VII AufenthG Prohibition of Deportation
Art. 16 a
GG
§ 3 I AsylVfG
Refugee Status
§ 4 I AsylVfG
Subsidiairy Protection
Asylum Procedure
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Entry
Claim for Asylum
Application
Dublin Procedure
Hearing at the BAMF
Basis for the Decision
Protection Status
Decision
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Duration of the Asylum Proceedings From 2014, in Months
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Introduction to Asylum Law
Unprocessed Asylum Applications
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Introduction to Asylum Law
Alternatives to the Refugee Status
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Residence Permit
Asylum Right of Residency
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Alternatives to the Refugee Status
Residence permit according to § 7 AufenthG
• Apprenticeship, §§16,17 AufenthG.
• Employment, §§ 18 und 21 AufenthG ( for § 18 AufenhG the approval of the Federal Employment Agency is required
• § 18a AufenthG, § 60a II S 4 AufenthG during or after a apprenticeship.
• Research, § 20 AufenthG.
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Important: § 25a AufenthG & § 25b AufenthG
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• Four years residence permit or temporary suspension of deportation
• Education or apprenticeship
• Below 21 years old
• Positive integration perspective
Parents § 25a II 1 AufenthG
• Eight or six years residence permit or temporary suspension of deportation
• Livelihood assured
• German language knowledge
Alternatives to the Refugee Status
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§ 25a AufenthG § 25b AufenthG
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Contact:
Thank you for listening!
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