Introduction to Artificial Intelligence. What is AI?

Introduction to

Artificial Intelligence

What is AI?What is AI?

How doesthe humanbrain work?

How do weemulate thehuman brain?

Who cares? Let’sdo some cool anduseful stuff!

How do wecreate

intelligence?What isintelligence?

How do we classify research as AI?How do we classify research as AI?

Does itinvestigatethe brain?

If we don’t know howit works, then it’s AI.When we find outhow it works, it’s notAI anymore…

Is itintelligent?Does it

investigateintelligence?

Does it emulatethe brain?

IntelligenceIntelligence The ability to learn and to cope.The ability to learn and to cope. The ability to contemplate, think, and The ability to contemplate, think, and

reason.reason. SynonymsSynonyms::

Brain, brainpower, mentality, mother wit, Brain, brainpower, mentality, mother wit, sense, witsense, wit

RelatedRelated:: Acumen, discernmentAcumen, discernment (ayırıcılık, duyarlılık) (ayırıcılık, duyarlılık), ,

insight, judgmentinsight, judgment (yargı) (yargı), perspicacity, sagacity, perspicacity, sagacity (sağduyu)(sağduyu), wisdom, wisdom (bilgelik) (bilgelik)

IntelligenceIntelligence Turing TestTuring Test: A human communicates with a : A human communicates with a

computer via a teletype. If the human can’t computer via a teletype. If the human can’t tell he is talking to a computer or another tell he is talking to a computer or another human, it passes.human, it passes. Natural language processingNatural language processing knowledge representationknowledge representation automated reasoningautomated reasoning machine learningmachine learning

Add vision and robotics to get the total Add vision and robotics to get the total Turing test.Turing test.

Weak and Strong AI ClaimsWeak and Strong AI Claims

Weak AI:Weak AI: Machines can be made to act Machines can be made to act as ifas if they were they were

intelligent.intelligent. Strong AI:Strong AI:

Machines that act intelligently have real, Machines that act intelligently have real, conscious minds.conscious minds.

Approaches to AIApproaches to AI

SearchingSearching LearningLearning From Natural to Artificial SystemsFrom Natural to Artificial Systems Knowledge Representation and ReasoningKnowledge Representation and Reasoning Expert Systems and PlanningExpert Systems and Planning Communication, Perception, ActionCommunication, Perception, Action

SearchSearch

““All AI is search”All AI is search” Game theoryGame theory Problem spacesProblem spaces

Every problem is a Every problem is a feature spacefeature space of all of all possible (successful or unsuccessful) possible (successful or unsuccessful) solutions.solutions.

The trick is to find an efficient search The trick is to find an efficient search strategy.strategy.

Search: Game TheorySearch: Game Theory

9!+1 = 362,880

Approaches to AIApproaches to AI

SearchingSearching LearningLearning From Natural to Artificial SystemsFrom Natural to Artificial Systems Knowledge Representation and ReasoningKnowledge Representation and Reasoning Expert Systems and PlanningExpert Systems and Planning Communication, Perception, ActionCommunication, Perception, Action

LearningLearning

ExplanationExplanation Discovery Discovery Data MiningData Mining

No ExplanationNo Explanation Neural NetsNeural Nets Case Based ReasoningCase Based Reasoning

Learning: ExplanationLearning: Explanation

Cases to rulesCases to rules

Learning: No ExplanationLearning: No Explanation

Neural netsNeural nets

Approaches to AIApproaches to AI

SearchingSearching LearningLearning From Natural to Artificial SystemsFrom Natural to Artificial Systems Knowledge Representation and ReasoningKnowledge Representation and Reasoning Expert Systems and PlanningExpert Systems and Planning Communication, Perception, ActionCommunication, Perception, Action

Approaches to AIApproaches to AI

SearchingSearching LearningLearning From Natural to Artificial SystemsFrom Natural to Artificial Systems Knowledge Representation and ReasoningKnowledge Representation and Reasoning Expert Systems and PlanningExpert Systems and Planning Communication, Perception, ActionCommunication, Perception, Action

Rule-Based SystemsRule-Based Systems

Logic LanguagesLogic Languages Prolog, LispProlog, Lisp

Knowledge basesKnowledge bases Inference enginesInference engines

Rule-Based Languages: PrologRule-Based Languages: Prolog

Father(abraham, isaac). Male(isaac).Father(haran, lot). Male(lot).Father(haran, milcah). Female(milcah).Father(haran, yiscah). Female(yiscah).

Son(X,Y) Father(Y,X), Male(X).Daughter(X,Y) Father(Y,X), Female(X).

Son(lot, haran)?

RuleBasedSystems

RuleBasedSystems

KRSKRS

Approaches to AIApproaches to AI

SearchingSearching LearningLearning From Natural to Artificial SystemsFrom Natural to Artificial Systems Knowledge Representation and ReasoningKnowledge Representation and Reasoning Expert Systems and PlanningExpert Systems and Planning Communication, Perception, ActionCommunication, Perception, Action

Approaches to AIApproaches to AI

SearchingSearching LearningLearning From Natural to Artificial SystemsFrom Natural to Artificial Systems Knowledge Representation and ReasoningKnowledge Representation and Reasoning Expert Systems and PlanningExpert Systems and Planning Communication, Perception, ActionCommunication, Perception, Action

Ability-Based AreasAbility-Based Areas Computer visionComputer vision Natural language recognitionNatural language recognition Natural language generationNatural language generation Speech recognitionSpeech recognition Speech generationSpeech generation RoboticsRobotics

Natural Language: TranslationNatural Language: Translation

“The flesh is weak, but the spirit is strong”

Translate to Russian Translate back to English

“The food was lousy, but the vodka was great!”

Natural Language RecognitionNatural Language Recognition

You give me the gold

pronounn

verb pronound

article noun

VP NP

VP

NP

VP

NP

sentencew

PERSON:Joe

PERSON:FredTRANSACTION

GOLD: X

REPT

OBJ

AGNT

Audio

Words

Syntax

Context

Semantics

Face Recognition ExampleFace Recognition Example

Take three regular photos from different Take three regular photos from different sides of a human facesides of a human face

Generate a digital model of the human faceGenerate a digital model of the human face Uses of the work:Uses of the work:

Medical applications: Aesthetic operationsMedical applications: Aesthetic operations Hair dresser and friseur worksHair dresser and friseur works Animations to use in movie industryAnimations to use in movie industry Etc.Etc.

ResultsResults

ResultsResults

ResultsResults

How far have we got?How far have we got?

Our best systems have the intelligence of a Our best systems have the intelligence of a frogfrog

What is Artificial Intelligence?What is Artificial Intelligence?

We will find out …We will find out …

Interesting webpagesInteresting webpages

http://aima.cs.berkeley.edu/demos.htmlhttp://aima.cs.berkeley.edu/demos.html http://lslwww.epfl.ch/~anperez/BlackJack/http://lslwww.epfl.ch/~anperez/BlackJack/

classes/RLJavaBJ.htmlclasses/RLJavaBJ.html