Introduction to Artifical Intelligence Jitendra Malik U.C. Berkeley Jitendra Malik U.C. Berkeley.

Introduction to Artifical Intelligence

Introduction to Artifical Intelligence

Jitendra Malik

U.C. Berkeley

Jitendra Malik

U.C. Berkeley

BRAINBRAIN

Imaging the BrainImaging the Brain

Some facts…Some facts…

• 100 Billion neurons

• On average, connected to 1 K others

• Neurons are slow. Firing rates < 100 Hz.

• Can be classified into– Sensory – Motor– Central

• 100 Billion neurons

• On average, connected to 1 K others

• Neurons are slow. Firing rates < 100 Hz.

• Can be classified into– Sensory – Motor– Central

Sensory SystemsSensory Systems

• Vision (nearly 30-50% )

• Audition (nearly 10%)

• Somatic

• Chemical– Taste– Olfaction

• Vision (nearly 30-50% )

• Audition (nearly 10%)

• Somatic

• Chemical– Taste– Olfaction

Motor SystemsMotor Systems

• Locomotion

• Manipulation

• Speech

• Locomotion

• Manipulation

• Speech

Central SystemsCentral Systems

• Reasoning and problem solving

• Language

• ……..

• Reasoning and problem solving

• Language

• ……..

NEURONNEURON

Trends in biological and machine brain evolution

Trends in biological and machine brain evolution

Hans Moravec: ROBOTHans Moravec: ROBOT

Moravec’s argumentMoravec’s argument

• 1 neuron = 1000 instructions/sec• 1 synapse = 1 byte of information• Human brain then processes 10^14 IPS and

has 10^14 bytes of storage• In 2000, we have 10^9 IPS and 10^9 bytes

on a desktop machine• In 25 years, assuming Moore’s law we

obtain human level computing power

• 1 neuron = 1000 instructions/sec• 1 synapse = 1 byte of information• Human brain then processes 10^14 IPS and

has 10^14 bytes of storage• In 2000, we have 10^9 IPS and 10^9 bytes

on a desktop machine• In 25 years, assuming Moore’s law we

obtain human level computing power

How Intelligence could have begun…

How Intelligence could have begun…

• V. Braitenberg: Vehicles, Experiments in Synthetic Psychology

• V. Braitenberg: Vehicles, Experiments in Synthetic Psychology

Agents and EnvironmentsAgents and Environments

Reflex agent with stateReflex agent with state

Goal-oriented agentGoal-oriented agent

Utility-based agentUtility-based agent