Introduction to ANIMAL SCIENCE - Weeblywestjordanhighagriculture.weebly.com/.../00-intro_to_animal_science… · Introduction to ANIMAL SCIENCE Objectives: A. List 5 functions of

Introduction to

ANIMAL SCIENCE

Objectives:

A. List 5 functions of domestic animals;

B. Describe conditions and requirements of domestic animals;

C. Define appropriate terminology related to animals; and

D. Contrast the differences among animal breeds, species, and types.

E. List major types & uses of each species of livestock

F. List & describe benefits of animal agriculture

G. Recognize top producing states for animal agriculture

Why do we CHOOSE to have animals?

A. List 5 functions of domestic animals

Functions of domestic animals:

1-Food • Meat

• Eggs

• Milk

• Honey


• Wool

• Leather

• Hair/Fur

• Feathers



2- Clothing

• Horses, Mules, Donkeys, Burros

• Llamas, Alpacas

• Oxen, Water buffalo, reindeer, yak, camels



3-Power

• Pleasure Horses

• Purebred Herds and

Flocks

• Livestock Exhibitions,

Shows, Rodeos

• Horse Racing



4- Recreation & Companionship

• Guide dogs for blind

• Police Dogs

• Rescue Dogs

• Therapy animals



5- Service

B. Describe conditions and requirements of domestic animals

Terms:

Wild Animal Not GENETICALLY altered by

artificial selection for use by

humans.

–Genetically

& Behaviorally

Wild


Terms:

Domestic Animal • an animal that has been genetically

altered from the original wild

species for use by humans through

ARTIFICIAL SELECTION

–Genetically Domestic

–Behaviorally= domestic

http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.animalsites.net/news/gallery/golden-retriever-dog/golden-retriever-dog-2.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.animalsites.net/news/dogs/golden-retriever-dog-specs-pictures/&h=401&w=400&sz=53&tbnid=StYaDV4BU4hcUM:&tbnh=225&tbnw=224&prev=/images?q=golden+retriever&zoom=1&q=golden+retriever&usg=__ePorhVcdzrLfi4RoiaHxEy0DJdo=&sa=X&ei=fonsTPjlK428sAPGmLyMBw&ved=0CCwQ9QEwAA


Terms:

Tame Wild Animal • a wild animal that, through

intervention of man, has adapted

BEHAVIORALLY so as to be

useful to humans.

–Genetically=Wild

–Behaviorally=Domestic


Terms:

Feral Animal

• a DOMESTIC animal that lives

in the WILD with no human

assistance –Genetically=Domestic

–Behaviorally= Wild


1. The animal is VALUED and has PURPOSE

2. The animal’s BREEDING is subject to human control.

3. The animal’s SURVIVAL depends upon humans.

4. The animal’s BEHAVIOR (psychology) is changed in domestication.

5. STRUCTURAL characteristics have appeared which occur rarely if at all in the wild.

Requirements for animals to be “domesticated”


1. In groups, research the domestication of the animal assigned. Prepare a 2-3 minute explanation for the class on your assigned species.

2. Answer the following questions: a) When & where was the animal domesticated?

b) What animals were used for the creation of the domestic species?

c) Who brought the first animals to America? When?

d) What is their original purpose?

e) Describe the current industry of the species. (breeds, types, etc)

Domestication Assignment

•Cattle

•Swine

•Sheep

•Goats

•Horses

•Poultry

•Dogs

•Cats

•Rabbits

•Llama?

European Cattle

C. Define appropriate terminology related to animals.

*Genus/Species: Bos Taurus

*Baby: Calf

*Young Male: Bullock

*Young Female: Heifer (until 1st calf is born)

*Castrated Male: Steer

*Mature Male: Bull

*Mature Female: Cow

*Group: Herd

Indian Cattle


*Genus/Species: Bos Indicus

*Baby: Calf

*Young Male: Bullock

*Young Female: Heifer (until 1st calf is born)

*Castrated Male: Steer

*Mature Male: Bull

*Mature Female: Cow

*Group: Herd

Sheep


*Genus/Species: Ovis aries

*Baby: Lamb

*Young Male: Ram Lamb

*Young Female: Ewe Lamb

*Castrated Male: Wether

*Mature Male: Ram

*Mature Female: Ewe

*Group: Flock

Pigs


*Genus/Species: Sus scrofa domestica

*Baby: Piglet

*Young Male: Shoat

*Young Female: Gilt (until 1st litter)

*Castrated Male: Barrow

*Mature Male: Boar

*Mature Female: Sow

*Group: Herd, Drove, Mob

Or “Sounder of hogs”

Goats


*Genus/Species: Capra hircus

*Baby: Kid

*Young Male: Ram Kid

*Young Female: Doe Kid

*Castrated Male: Wether

*Mature Male: Billy

*Mature Female: Doe

*Group: herd or tribe

Horses


*Genus/Species: Equus caballus

*Baby: Foal

*Young Male: Colt

*Young Female: Filly

*Castrated Male: Gelding

*Mature Male: Stallion

*Mature Female: Mare

*Group: Herd

Poultry


*Genus/Species: Gallus domesticus

*Baby: Chick

*Young Male: Cockerel

*Young Female: Pullet

*Castrated Male: Capon

*Mature Male: Rooster

*Mature Female: Hen

*Group: Chickens: Brood, Flock, Peep

Turkeys: Rafter, Gobble, Gang

Geese: Gaggle (if they are in flight=Skein)

Rabbits


*Genus/Species: Oryctolagus cuniculus

*Baby: Bunny

*Young Male:

*Young Female:

*Mature Male: Buck

*Mature Female: Doe

*Group: Colony, Nest, Herd

Dog


*Genus/Species: canis familiaris

*Baby: Puppy

*Young Male:

*Young Female:

*Mature Male: Stud

*Mature Female: Dam or Bitch

*Group: Pack

Cat


*Genus/Species: felis catus

*Baby: Kitten

*Young Male:

*Young Female:

*Mature Male: Tom

*Mature Female: Queen

*Group: Clowder or Clutter

Video Clip

Cat Herders.mp4

Species


• a group of closely related animals

that can INTERBREED and

produce FERTILE offspring

• Example

Breed


• animals of common ORIGIN

with characteristics that

distinguish them from other

groups within the same SPECIES

• Example

Type


• animals of the same SPECIES

that are grouped together based

on the PRODUCTS they produce

• Example

Types of Livestock Each species of livestock has specific breeds that

perform best for each purpose:

•Meat Type: Produce meat efficiently

•Dairy Type: Produce milk efficiently

•Dual Purpose: Produce meat & milk efficiently

•Ornamental: Don’t produce milk or meat

efficiently, chosen for beauty

•Performance: Chosen for performance traits


Cattle •Beef Type

•Dairy Type

•Dual Purpose


Sheep •Wool type

–Fine

–Medium

–Long

–Colored

•Meat or Mutton type

•Dual


Pigs •Meat Type

•Bacon

•Lard


Goats •Meat Type

•Dairy Type


Horses

•Performance Type

oDraft Type

oRacing

oRanch Work/Stock Horse


Poultry

•Eggs (Layers)

•Meat (Broilers)

•Ornamental


What are the benefits of

Animal Agriculture?? • Animals convert feed that humans CAN’T eat

to food humans CAN eat

– (poor hay, corn stalks, straw, etc.)

• Helps maintain fertility of the land



Animal Agriculture?? • Personal satisfaction of working with

domesticated animals

• May more fully utilize capital, machinery and

wasteland (range).



Animal Agriculture?? • Animal proteins are superior to vegetable proteins for

humans

• Animal proteins have improved amino acid balance

over vegetable protein

• Milk -- approximately 90% of milk for human

consumption in the world comes from cattle

• Over 85% of the world population desires food of

animal origin


Top States in Beef Production

• 1. Texas

• 2. Kansas

• 3. Nebraska

• 4. Oklahoma

• 5. California

• Utah’s Rank 28th


Top States in Dairy Production

• 1. California

• 2. Wisconsin

• 3. New York

• 4. Pennsylvania

• 5. Michigan



Top States in Sheep Production

• 1. Texas

• 2. California

• 3. Wyoming

• 4. Colorado

• 5. South Dakota



Top States in Goat Production

• 1. Texas

• 2. New Mexico

• 3. Arizona

• 4. Oklahoma

• 5. California

• Utah’s Rank ?


Top States in Swine Production

• 1. Iowa

• 2. North Carolina

• 3. Michigan

• 4. Illinois

• 5. Indiana



Top States in Layers Production

• 1. California

• 2. Ohio

• 3. Indiana

• 4. Pennsylvania

• 5. Iowa

• Utah’s Rank 33rd


Top States in Broiler Production

• 1. Arkansas

• 2. Georgia

• 3. Alabama


• 5. Mississippi


Top States in Turkey Production


• 2. Minnesota

• 3. Arkansas

• 4. Missouri

• 5. California



Number of Farms and Ranches

• 1. Texas

• 2. Missouri

• 3. Iowa

• 4. Kentucky

• 5. Minnesota



Land in Farms and Ranches

• 1. Texas

• 2. Montana

• 3. Kansas

• 4. Nebraska

• 5. New Mexico



Utah’s Rank in Other Areas

• Mink Production 2nd

• Trout Production 6th

• Honey Production 24th


Bell Quiz

1. List 2 out of 5 qualifications to consider an animal “domestic”

2. Name 5 reasons why we have domestic animals.

3. What is the genus and species name for a pig?

4. What is the definition of a breed?

5. What is the definition of a species?

Bell Quiz

1. List 2 benefits of animal agriculture vs plant based agriculture.

2. What state ranks top in production of a. Dairy

b. Beef

c. Sheep

3. Know ALL terminology for animals (babies, males, females, genus/species, etc)

4. Compare the terms: breed, species, and type

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