INTRODUCTION TO A RDUINO PROGRAMMING & INTERFACING

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INTRODUCTION TO ARDUINO PROGRAMMING &

INTERFACING

Engr. Franz Duran, MEP-ECERapidSignal Electronics

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OVERVIEW

Microcontrollers & Robotics

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OVERVIEWDAY 1 (Morning)

o Introduction to Microcontroller Technologyo Introduction to Arduino microcontroller boardo Introduction to RapiDuino Microcontroller

Learning Moduleo Basic Arduino Programming and Interfacing

Interfacing with LEDs, switches, & LCD


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OVERVIEWDAY 1 (Afternoon)

o Interfacing with 4x4 keypado Interfacing with Analog Sensorso Interfacing with Serial Communication


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OVERVIEWDAY 2 (Morning)

o Introduction to P-BOT mobile robot traineroMaze mobot programmingo Line follower mobot programming


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OVERVIEWDAY 2 (Afternoon)

o Line follower mobot raceo Android-controlled mobotoDIY line follower mobot


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MICROCONTROLLER BASICS


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What is a microcontroller?MCUA single-chip computerInvented in the 1970’sUsed as “embedded” controller


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Where are MCUs used?used as dedicated controllers in:oHome and office appliancesoConsumer & Personal electronicsoMedical equipmento Industrial equipmentoAutomotive electronicsoNaval/Avionics/Aerospace


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Why use a microcontroller?Low-costFlexibleSmall outlineLow-power


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Why use a microcontroller?Low-cost

o Typical price range: P50 to P1000 Flexible Small outline Low-power


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Why use a microcontroller? Cheap

FlexibleoRe-programmableoHigh-integration devices

Small outline Low-power


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Why use a microcontroller? Cheap Flexible

Small outlineo small physical size = low PCB footprinto tiny packages: DIP, SOP

Low-power


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Why use a microcontroller? Cheap Flexible Small outline

Low-powero Battery-operated applicationoUse SLEEP/low-power operation


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ARDUINO MICROCONTROLLER


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What is an Arduino?A microcontroller board +

programming IDE


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What is an Arduino?A complete MCU board

o ATMEGA microcontrolleroUSB circuito Power supply circuitoReset buttono Female header connectors


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What is an Arduino?Easy-to-use Arduino Development

environmento Program is called Sketch


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Arduino ECOSYSTEMArduino Board

o Simple, open-hardware designArduino Programming IDE

oC/C++-based, open-sourceo Built-in functions

Arduino CommunityoDesign Arduino-compatible circuits (Shields)o Software and hardware collaboration


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RAPIDUINO SWORD3


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RapiDuino Sword3


ARDUINO BOARD

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RapiDuino Sword3


Arduino Uno gizDuino

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RapiDuino Sword3


2x16 Character LCD

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RapiDuino Sword3


Button Switches

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RapiDuino Sword3


4x4 Keypad

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RapiDuino Sword3


4x4Keypad

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RapiDuino Sword3


7-segment displays

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RapiDuino Sword3


Light-emitting diodes

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RapiDuino Sword3


Real-time clock w/ back-up battery

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RapiDuino Sword3


Serial EEPROM

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RapiDuino Sword3


buzzer

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RapiDuino Sword3


Serial Communication

Circuit

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RapiDuino Sword3


Bluetooth Transceiver

Module

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RapiDuino Sword3


Analog voltage sources

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RapiDuino Sword3


Temperature sensor

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RapiDuino Sword3


light-dependent

resistor

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RapiDuino Sword3


Power Supply Circuit

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BASIC ARDUINO PROGRAMMING & INTERFACING


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LED InterfacingBuild an LED circuitInterface the LED circuit to the

ArduinoCreate an Arduino program that will

turn on the LED


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What is an LED?Light-emitting diode

o An electronic device that emit visible light when activated.

o Typically used as electrical status indicators


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LED Interfacing


Circuit schematic

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LED Circuit


Circuit on breadboard

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LED Circuit on RapiduinoConnect LED1 to Arduino Pin 7


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Arduino Environment Open the Arduino

programming environment


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Writing the Sketchvoid setup() {

}

void loop() {

}


Example #1

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Writing the Sketchvoid setup() { pinMode(7, OUTPUT); //Pin 7 is output pin. digitalWrite(7, HIGH); //LED is on.}

void loop() {

}


Example #1

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Writing the Sketchvoid setup() { pinMode(7, OUTPUT); //Pin 7 is output pin. digitalWrite(7, HIGH); //LED is on. pinMode(5, OUTPUT); digitalWrite(5, HIGH);}

void loop() {

}Microcontrollers & Robotics

Example #1

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Writing the SketchClick the Verify button


Verify button

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Steps for Uploading the Program

1. Connect the USB cable


Note: Make sure USB-to-serial driver is installed first

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2. Power up the Rapiduino board


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3. Select the COM port number of the Serial Port


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4. Select the Arduino Duemilanove w/ ATmega328 board


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5. Press down the Reset button


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6. While Reset button is pressed, click the Upload button

7. Release the Reset button


Upload button

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Wait…

… until uploading is done.


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Steps for experimenting with the Rapiduino

1. Assemble the Arduino application hardwareoUse ordinary solid wires

2. Write the sketch program3. Upload program to Arduino


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Arduino Sketchint LED1Pin = 7; //PIN7 is 'renamed' as LED1

void setup() { pinMode(LED1Pin, OUTPUT); digitalWrite(LED1Pin, HIGH); }

void loop() { //nothing... }


Example #1

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Arduino ProgramCalled as Sketch

o A simplified combination of C/C++ programming language

Consist of:o setup() functiono loop() function


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Arduino ProgramThe setup() function

o The setup() function is called when a sketch program begins executing.

o It is used to initialize variables, configure pin modes, begin using libraries, etc.

o The setup() function will only run once, after each powerup or reset of the Arduino board.


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Arduino ProgramThe loop() function

o The loop() function repeatedly execute all codes appearing within its body.

oUse it to actively control the Arduino board, i.e. read input, process information, send output


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Arduino Programvoid setup() { //code1 //code2}

void loop() { //code3 //code4 //code5}


code1

code5

start

code2

code4

code3

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LED InterfacingLED Blinker program


Example #2ConfigureOutput pin

start

LED is off

Time delay

LED is on

Time delay

LED is off

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Arduino Sketch: LED Blinkerint LED1Pin = 7;

void setup() { pinMode(LED1Pin, OUTPUT); //Pin 7 is output pin digitalWrite(LED1Pin, LOW); //LED is initially low}

void loop() { digitalWrite(LED1Pin, HIGH); //Turn on LED. delay(500); //Time delay for 0.5 second. digitalWrite(LED1Pin, LOW); //Turn off LED. delay(250); //Time delay for 0.25 second.}


Example #2

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Button Switch Interfacing Button switch:

o a.k.a pushbuttonor button

o Used as simple input devices

Common example:o Tact switches


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Button Switch Interfacing


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Button Switch Interfacing



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Button Switch Interfacing Program Description:

o If button is pressed, turn on LED.

o Else, if button is not pressed, turn off LED.

Operation:o Button is connected to

Pin 5. o Pin 5 is configured as

input pino If button is pressed,

Pin 5 reads Logic 0; else, if not pressed reads as Logic 1


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Button Switch InterfacingAssemble circuit on Rapiduino:

o LED1 Pin 7o BUTTON1 Pin 5


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Arduino Sketch

int LED = 7;int BUTTON = 5;

void setup(){ pinMode(BUTTON, INPUT); pinMode(LED, OUTPUT); digitalWrite(LED, LOW); }

void loop(){ int ButtonStat;

ButtonStat = digitalRead(BUTTON);

if(ButtonStat == LOW) { digitalWrite(LED, HIGH); } else { digitalWrite(LED, LOW); } }


Example #3

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2x16 Character LCD Interfacing

Output device for displaying characters

2 rows, 16 characters


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Pin number Name Description

1 GND GND

2 +5V +5V

3 VO Contrast Voltage

4 RS Register Select

5 RW Read/Write

6 EN Enable

7 D0 Data Bit 0

8 D1 Data Bit 1

9 D2 Data Bit 2

10 D3 Data Bit 3

11 D4 Data Bit 4

12 D5 Data Bit 5

13 D6 Data Bit 6

14 D7 Data Bit 7

15 LED_AN LED Backlight anode

16 LED_CA LED Backlight cathode

POWERPins

CONTROLPins

DATAPins

BACKLIGHTLED pins

1 16

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Assemble circuit on Rapiduino:o LCD_RS Pin 12o LCD_EN Pin 11o LCD_D4 Pin 14o LCD_D5 Pin 15o LCD_D6 Pin 16o LCD_D7 Pin 17 o LCD_RW Ground (NOTE: Short J3 jumper)


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2x16 Character LCD Interfacing#include <LiquidCrystal.h>

LiquidCrystal lcd(12, 11, 14, 15, 16, 17); //lcd pins

void setup() { lcd.begin(16, 2); //set up the LCD's number of columns and rows: lcd.print("RapiDuino SWORD3"); //Print a text on first line lcd.setCursor(1, 1); //Move cursor to 2nd line lcd.print("with Bluetooth!"); //Print a text on second line}

void loop() { //Do nothing... }


Example #4

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END

INTRODUCTION TO A RDUINO PROGRAMMING & INTERFACING

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