Introduction Remote Sensing - thk.edu.trakademik.thk.edu.tr/~nsengil/rsw1.pdf · Remote Sensing • The term “remote sensing” is most commonly used in connection with electromagnetic

Remote Sensing

Introduction

web.stanford.edu

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• Hello.

• I want to extend a very warm welcome to all of you to the Remote Sensing course.

• My name is Nevsan Sengil.

• I'm an professor here at University of Turkish Aeronautical Association in the Department of Astronautical Engineering.

• I'm really, very glad to meet all of you in this course.

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INTRODUCTION

• I will give this course the third time.

• We were all physically in the same room.

• Such a situation clearly allows for interactivity.

• We're all familiar with real time interaction whereby students can stop me and ask questions, and one question brings up another one by another student.

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INTRODUCTION

• These are all the positive aspects of face to face interaction.

• A potentially negative aspect of it, however, is that it represents synchronous learning.

• The underlying assumption is that we are all supposed to learn at the same rate.

• This is hardly the case.

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INTRODUCTION

• Each of us learns at their own rate based on our backgrounds and so many other factors.

• This is where asynchronous learning comes in.

• So, I put my slides of my lectures available on my web-page.

• http://akademik.thk.edu.tr/~nsengil/

• And you can go back and read to parts of it multiple times until everything is clear.

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INTRODUCTION

Remote Sensing• Remote sensing, image processing

and GIS are all extremely broad subjects in their own right.

• It is aimed at the overlap between the three disciplines, providing an overview of essential techniques and a selection of case studies in a variety of application areas, emphasizing the close relationship between them.

• The application cases are biased toward the Earth Sciences but the image processing and GIS techniques are generic and independent of any software, and therefore transferable skills suited to all applications.

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Remote Sensing• Remote sensing is defined as the acquisition of information about

an object without being in physical contact with it. • Information is acquired by detecting and measuring changes that the

object imposes on the surrounding field, – electromagnetic, – acoustic, or – potential.

• This could include an electromagnetic field emitted or reflected by the object, acoustic waves reflected or perturbed by the object, or perturbations of the surrounding gravity or magnetic potential field due to the presence of the object.

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Remote Sensing• The term “remote sensing” is most commonly used in connection

with electromagnetic techniques of information acquisition. • These techniques cover the whole electromagnetic spectrum from

low-frequency radio waves through the microwave, submillimeter, far infrared, near infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x-ray, and gamma-ray regions of the spectrum.

• The advent of satellites is allowing the acquisition of global information about the planets (including the Earth) and their environments.

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Remote Sensing• Sensors on Earth-orbiting satellites

provide information about – global patterns and – dynamics of clouds, – surface vegetation cover and its

seasonal variations, – surface morphologic structures,– ocean surface temperature, and – near-surface wind.

• The rapid wide coverage capability of satellite platforms allows monitoring of rapidly changing phenomena, particularly in the atmosphere.

• The long duration and repetitive capability allows the observation of seasonal, annual, and longer-termchanges such as polar ice cover, desert expansion, and tropical deforestation.

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https://www.wired.com

ESA shows 30 years of deforestation in Amazon rainforest ...

Remote Sensing• The wide-scale synoptic coverage allows the observation and study

of regional and continental-scale features such as plate boundaries and mountain chains.

• Sensors on planetary probes (orbiters, flybys, surface stations, and rovers) are providing similar information about the planets and objects in the solar system.

• The comparative study of the properties of the planets is providing new insight into the formation and evolution of the solar system

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Image Processing• Image processing thus becomes a vital tool for the extraction of

thematic and/or quantitative information from raw image data.

• An image is a picture, photograph or any form of a twodimensional (2D) representation of objects or a scene.

• The information in an image is presented in tones or colors.

• A digital image is a two‐dimensional array of numbers.

• Each cell of a digital image is called a pixel, and the number representing the brightness of the pixel is called a digital number (DN).

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Video 1

• As a 2D array, a digital image is composed of data in lines and columns.

• The position of a pixel is allocated with the line and column of its DN.

• Such regularly arranged data, without x and y coordinates, are usually called raster data.

• As digital images are nothing more than data arrays, mathematical operations can be readily performed on the digital numbers of images.

• Mathematical operations on digital images are called digital image processing.

Image Processing

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qGIS

Image Processing

• For more in‐depth analysis, the images need to be analyzed in conjunction with other complementary data:• such as existing thematic maps of

topography, (coğrafi yapi)

• geomorphology, (yüzeybilimi)

• geology and (yer bilimi)

• land use, or with

• geochemical and

• geophysical survey data, or

• ‘ground truth’ data, (arazi araştırmasi)

• logistical and

• infrastructure information;MapCruzin

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GIS• So here comes GIS (geographic information system), a highly sophisticated tool for the

management, display and analysis of all kinds of spatially referenced information.

• This seems a convenient point to clarify our definition of the acronym GIS in this book.

• In some instances it is taken to stand for;• Geographic Information Systems or• Geographical Information Science and, in some places,• Geographic Information Systems and Science;

• All of these are correct, but we will stick with Geographic Information Systems.

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http://www.hgimaging.com/HGI_Advanced_Fusion_RS.htm

Week 1 Introduction

Week 2 Remote Sensing Fundamentals

Week 3 Satellites and Sensors

Week 4 Thermal Imaging

Week 5 Microwave Sensing 1

Week 6 Microwave Sensing 2

Week 7 Microwave Sensing 3

Week 8 Image Processing

Week 9 Digital Image and Display

Week 10 Point Operations

Week 11 Algebraic Operations

Week 12 Image Compression and Filtering

Week 13 GIS 1

Week 14 GIS 2

AST 482 Remote SensingInstructor: Prof. Dr. Nevsan SengilOffice: 104 Ext:6200Office Hours: Open door policyReferences: Image processing and GIS for remote sensing, Techniques and applications, 2nd Edition, Jian Guo Liu and Philippa J. Mason, Wiley BlackwellEmail: nsengil(at)thk.edu.trCourse web page: http://akademik.thk.edu.tr/~nsengilPrerequisites: N/AGrading: Midterm exam=30 %Final exam=40 %Quizes=30 %All exams will be open book and open notes. Syllabus: RSG, FUTA - The Federal

University of Technology Akure

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• NASA video about Remote Sensing

• What is Remote Sensing.mp4

• Video 2

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