Introduction of parasitology Terms • Parasitology [Gr. Parasitos parasite-logy] is the science of parasitism and parasites. • Medical Parasitology is the science or study of parasites of humans. Medical Parasitology consists of: Medical Protozoology, Medical Helminthology and Medical Arachnoentomology. • Medical Protozoology is the study of human parasites of Protozoa. • Medical Helminthology is the study of human parasitic worms of Cestodes, Nematodes and Trematodes. • Medical Arachnoentomology is the study of parasites of Arthropoda. • Symbiosis is the living together or close association of two dissimilar organisms. There are three forms of the symbiosis: mutualism, commensalism and parasitism. • Mutualism is symbiosis in which both parties benefit. • Commensalism is symbiosis in which one party (commensalis) is benefited and the other party (host) receives neither benefit nor harm. • Parasitism [Gr.parasitios eating with another] is symbiosis in which one party (parasite) benefits at the expense of the other (host). • Parasite lives upon or within another living organism (host) at whose expense it obtains some advantage. • External parasite (ectoparasite) lives on skin or hair of host. • Internal parasite (endoparasite) lives in body organs, body tissues, body cells, body cavities of host. • Facultative parasite is an organism which may be parasitic upon another but which is capable of independent existence. • Obligatory parasite can’t live apart from its host. • Temporary parasite lives free of its host during part of its life cycle. • Permanent parasite lives in its host from early life until maturity or death. • Host is an organism that harbours or nourishes another organism (parasite). The hosts divide into: definitive host, intermediate host and reservoir. • Definitive host (final h.) is a host in which a parasite attains sexual maturity; harbours the adult or sexually mature parasite.
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Introduction of parasitology
Terms
• Parasitology [Gr. Parasitos parasite-logy] is the science of parasitism and parasites.
• Medical Parasitology is the science or study of parasites of humans. Medical
Parasitology consists of: Medical Protozoology, Medical Helminthology and Medical
Arachnoentomology.
• Medical Protozoology is the study of human parasites of Protozoa.
• Medical Helminthology is the study of human parasitic worms of Cestodes,
Nematodes and Trematodes.
• Medical Arachnoentomology is the study of parasites of Arthropoda.
• Symbiosis is the living together or close association of two dissimilar
organisms. There are three forms of the symbiosis: mutualism, commensalism and
parasitism.
• Mutualism is symbiosis in which both parties benefit.
• Commensalism is symbiosis in which one party (commensalis) is benefited and the
other party (host) receives neither benefit nor harm.
• Parasitism [Gr.parasitios eating with another] is symbiosis in which one party
(parasite) benefits at the expense of the other (host).
• Parasite lives upon or within another living organism (host) at whose expense it
obtains some advantage.
• External parasite (ectoparasite) lives on skin or hair of host.
• Internal parasite (endoparasite) lives in body organs, body tissues, body cells, body
cavities of host.
• Facultative parasite is an organism which may be parasitic upon another but which is
capable of independent existence.
• Obligatory parasite can’t live apart from its host.
• Temporary parasite lives free of its host during part of its life cycle.
• Permanent parasite lives in its host from early life until maturity or death.
• Host is an organism that harbours or nourishes another organism (parasite). The hosts
divide into: definitive host, intermediate host and reservoir.
• Definitive host (final h.) is a host in which a parasite attains sexual maturity; harbours
the adult or sexually mature parasite.
• Intermediate host harbours the immature or asexual stages of the parasite.
• Reservoir host an animal that harbours the same species of parasites as man and
constitute a source of infection to him.
• Vector is an arthropod that carriers a parasite to its host.
• Invasive diseases are caused by animals.
• Protozoan diseases are caused by Protozoa.
• Anthroponotic diseases are characteristic for humans.
• Zoonotic diseases are characteristic for animals.
• Anthropozoonotic diseases are characteristic for humans and animals.
• There are four ways of agent transmission of invasious diseases:
• 1) contagion (by skin contact, sexual contact);
• 2) alimentary or faecal-oral transmission (ingestion of raw or undercooked food or
use of drinking water containing the infective stage of the parasite);
• 3) blood (by bite of vector containing the infective stage, blood transfusion);
• 4) congenital (through the placenta).
The Protozoa
• Kingdom Animalia
• Subkingdom Protozoa
• Phylum 1. Sarcomastigophora
• Subphylum Sarcodina. Class Lobozea. Type species: Entamoeba histolytica,
Entamoeba coli, Entamoeba gingivalis.
• Subphylum Mastigophora (or Flagellates).
• Class Zoomastigophorea. Type species: Trypanosoma brucei gambriense,