INTRODUCTION OF ARRAY
Jan 03, 2016
INTRODUCTION
OF
ARRAY
Topics To Be Discussed……………………….
Introduction
Types of array
One Dimensional Array
Internal representation of one-dimensional array
Example 1
Example 2
Array
An array is a fine, ordered set of homogeneous elements. By homogeneous
we mean that all the elements of the set of same type. By ordered set, we
mean that all the element of the set has unique position and can be
accesses by referring to its position within the set. So basic properties of
array are:
1. Homogeneity of its elements
2. Ordering imposed on elements
3. Finite number of elements.
An array is a set of elements of the same data type represented by a single
name.
Each individual array element can be referred to by specifying the array name
followed by a index or subscript enclosed in brackets. For example marks is A
name of array containing n elements, then the individual array element will be
Marks[1],marks[2],……………m, MARKS[N]
Types of Arrays
There are two type of arrays :
Linear Array or One-Dimensional Array : An array in which each elements
can be referred by one subscript of index is known as one-dimensional array
or linear arrays. One Dimensional arrays are also known as vectors
Multi Dimensional Array: An array in which each element can be referenced
by more than one subscripts is known as multi-dimensional array. In two
dimensional array, each element of the array can be referenced by two
subscripts
One Dimensional Array
One Dimensional array is a linear data structure in which the position of an
element within array can be given by just one index or subscript. For
example, if we have 5 students with roll no 1,2,3,4,5 and their marks are
70,80,90,85,75 then with one dimensional array named MARKS is shown
in following figure:
INDEX CONTENTS
LB 1
2
3
4
UB 5
In this example, the individual elements are identified by
MARKS[1],MARKS[2],……… MARKS[5]. The index or the subscript,
which identifies the position has values from 1 to 5.
70
75
809085
Lower Bound(LB)
Lower bound is the smallest number that an index can have. In this example
LB = 1.
Upper Bound(UB)
Upper bound is the smallest number that an index can have. In this example
UB = 5.
Length and Size of the Array
Length of the array can be obtained by the following formula :Length = UB – LB +
1
In this example
Index Set
The set of all possible values of index is known as Index Set. Index Set is
denoted by I. in this example: I={1,2,3,4,5}
Value Set
All array elements have some values. The set of values of array elements is
known as value set and is denoted by T. In this example
T = {70,80,90,85,75}
Length = 5 – 1 +1 = 6
Example
Consider an array A[105 : 112]. Find the number of elements in
this array.
Length = UB – LB + 1
= 112 – 105 + 1
= 8
Internal Representation of One-Dimensional array
With in computer’s memory array are represent using sequential representation.
Address of first element is known as base address and address of other element
can be obtained by adding world length to base address.
Lo A [1]
Lo + C A [2]
Lo + 2C A [3]
Lo + (I-1)C A [ I ]
Since the elements of an array are stored in successive memory locations, the
address of Kth element of an array can be obtained if we know :
1.Address of the first element of the array. The address of the first element of
the array is known as base address denoted by Lo
2.Number of memory locations required to store one element denoted by C
Formula to calculate the address of the Kth element is :
Lo + (K - 1)*C If Lower Bound = 1
Lo + (K - LB)*C If lower Bound ≠1
EXAMPLE - 1
Consider A linear array A[16:30]. If Base = 100 and world length = 4 then
calculate the address of A[27].
Solution :
A [27] = Lo+(K-LB)*C
= 100+27-16)*4
= 144
EXAMPLE - 2
Assume that a linear array with LB=1. if address of A{25]=375 and address
of A[30]=390, then find the address of A[16].
Solution: Formula for the address of Kth element is
A[K] = Lo+(K-LB)*W
Given A[25] = Lo+(25-1)*C=375 Lo+24C = 375
A[30] = Lo+(30-1)*C=290 Lo+29C = 290
+5C= -15
C= 3
Lo+24C =375
Lo+24*3=375
Lo+72=375
Lo=375-72
Lo=303
A[16] = ? A[16] = Lo+(K-LB)*W
= 303+(16-1)*3
= 303 + 45
= 348
THANKS