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What’s your e-mail address? /rFWg qG 'AlCBo LXpCg/ Zein da zure posta elektronikoaren helbidea?
What’s your name? /rFWg qG 'mMl/ Zer izen duzu?
Have you got a middle name? /kDd qI ZFW L 'lBXo mMl/ Badaukazu bigarren izenik?
What’s your surname? /rFWg qG 'gKmMl/ Zein da zure abizena?
How old are you? /kP 'NoX E qI/ Zenbat urte dituzu?
How many brothers and sisters have you got? /kP lCmi 'VpJfLh LmX 'gBgWLh kDd qI ZFW/ Zenbat anai-arreba dituzu?
Have you got an e-mail address? /kDd qI ZFW Dm 'AlCBo LXpCg/ Posta elektroniko helbiderik baduzu?
unit 2
Talking About Routines and ActivitiesI often go to bed at (eleven o’clock). /O 'Fcm ZLH WL VCX LW (BoCdm LYoFY)/ Askotan joaten naiz ohera / oheratzen naiz
(hamaikak puntuan).
I never go to bed at (eleven o’clock). /O 'mCdL ZLH WL VCX LW (BoCdm LYoFY)/ Inoiz ez naiz oheratzen (hamaikak puntuan).
I sometimes (do homework on Saturdays). /O 'gJlWOlh (XI kNlrKY Fm gDWLXMh)/ Batzuetan (larunbatetan egiten ditut etxeko lanak).
We usually (play football in the afternoon). /rA 'qIhILoi (UoM cHWVGo Bm fL EcWLmIm)/ Normalean (arratsaldetan jokatzen dugu futbolean).
She rarely (watches TV). /iA 'pCLoi (rFaBh WAdA)/ Ia inoiz ez (du ikusten telebista).
He always (rides a bike). /kA 'GorCBh (pOXh L VOY)/ Beti (doa bizikletaz).
unit 3
Talking About PetsHave you got a pet? /kDd qI ZFW L 'UCW/ Maskotarik baduzu?
What colour is it? /rFW 'YJoL Bh BW/ Zer kolore du?
What does it do? /rFW XJh BW 'XI/ Zer egiten du?
It (jumps). /BW ('bJlUg)/ (Salto egiten du).
When does it sleep? /rCm XJh BW 'goAU/ Noiz egiten du lo?
It sleeps (at night and during the day). /BW 'goAUg (LW mOW LmX XqHLpBn fL XM)/ (Gauez eta egunez) egiten du lo.
Describing AnimalsWhat does it look like? /rFW XJh BW 'oHY oOY/ Nolakoa da?, Zer itxura du?
It has got (big ears and a small tail). /BW kLh ZFW (VBZ 'Rh LmX L glGo WMo)/ (Belarri handiak eta buztan txikia) ditu.
Where does it live? /rCL XJh BW 'oBd/ Non bizi da?
It lives in (Africa and Asia). /BW oBdh Bm ('DcpBYL LmX CBjL)/ (Afrikan eta Asian) bizi da.
What does it eat? /rFW XJh BW 'AW/ Zer jaten du?
It eats (plants). /BW AWg ('UoEmWg)/ (Landareak) jaten ditu.
How big is it? /kP 'VBZ Bh BW/ Zer tamaina du? Zenbateko handia da?
It’s (up to four metres tall). /BWg (JU WL 'cG lAWLh WGo)/ (Lau metroko garaiera arte) neurtzen du.
What animal is it? /rFW 'DmBlo Bh BW/ Zein animalia da?
unit 4
Describing a HouseHave you got a house or a flat? /kDd qI ZFW L 'kPg G L 'coDW/ Etxea ala pisua duzu?
How many rooms has your (house) got? /kP lCmi 'pIlh kLh qG (kPg) ZFW/ Zenbat logela ditu zure (etxeak)?
Has it got a (dining room)? /kLh BW ZFW L ('XOmBn pIl)/ (Jangelarik) badu?
What’s in the (living room)? /rFWg Bm fL ('oBdBn pIl)/ Zer dago (egongelan)?
Describing PicturesWho’s in your picture? /'kIh Bm qG UBYaL/ Nor dago / ageri da zure argazkian?
Is (Dan tidying his room) in your picture? /Bh (XDm WOXiBn kBh 'pIl) Bm qG UBYaL/ (Dan bere gela txukuntzen) ari da argazkian?
What’s (Pam) doing? /rFWg ('UDl) XIBn/ Zertan ari da (Pam)?
Where is she? /rCL 'Bh iA/ Non dago bera?
Are (Mike and Charles making the beds) in your picture? /E (lOY LmX aEoh lCBYBn fL 'VCXh) BmqG UBYaL/ (Mike eta Charles oheak egiten) ari dira zure argazkian?
Batez ere “izan” eta “egon” esangura du. Gauzak deskribatzeko, gertaera orokorrak azaltzeko eta adina adierazteko erabiltzen da. Hitz egiterakoan, am, is eta are pertsona-izenordain subjektuarekin laburtzen dira.I’m in Year 8. (Zortzigarren mailan nago.)
Ezezkoan not partikula gehitzen zaio to be aditzaren forma guztiei, edo n’t laburtua is eta are formei (isn’t eta aren’t); ez, ordea, am formari.I’m not at school. (Ez nago eskolan.)Laura isn’t in my class. (Laura ez dago nire gelan.)My notebooks aren’t in my schoolbag. (Nire koadernoak ez daude nire motxilan.)
Galderak osatzeko, aldatu egiten da subjetuaren eta aditzaren arteko ordena. Erantzun motzak pertsona-izenordain subjektuarekin eta to be aditzarekin osatzen dira; laburbiltzeke, baiezko erantzunetan, eta not partikularekin laburbilduta, ezezkoetan.Is your teacher in the classroom? Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t. (Zure irakaslea gelan dago? Bai. / Ez.)
1 Choose the correct answer.
1. The teacher am / is / are in the classroom.
2. We am / is / are at school now.
3. It am / is / are 9.00 in the morning.
4. Mandy and I am / is / are good students.
5. I am / is / are in Year 8.
2 Complete the sentences with the correct form of to be.
1. My schoolbag green.
2. We (not) friends.
3. I in the football team.
4. Alex and Tom in my class.
5. My teacher (not) Mr Smith.
6. I (not) 15 years old.
3 Complete the questions with the correct form of to be.
1. you at home now?
2. Sam in Year 9?
3. the students in the classroom?
4. I in your class?
5. it Tuesday today?
Choose the correct answer.
1. The pencils am not / isn’t / are on my desk.
2. Jack am / isn’t / are 18 years old.
3. Teachers am / are / aren’t usually children.
4. Am / Is / Are the boys at school today?
5. I am not / is / are not at home now.
6. Am / Is / Are your pencil case blue?
7. Yes, I am / am not / is in the classroom.
8. Monday is / isn’t / are the first day of the week.
Galdetzaileak “bai” edo “ez” batekin erantzun ezin daitezkeen galderetan bakarrik erabiltzen dira.Who is he? He’s my friend. (Nor da? Nire laguna da.)What is that? It’s a tablet. (Zer da hori? Tablet bat da.)Where are your books? They’re on my desk. (Non daude zure liburuak? Nire mahai gainean daude.)When is the first lesson? It’s at 9.00. (Noiz da lehen klasea? 9:00etan.)Why are they at school? Because it’s Monday. (Zergatik daude eskolan? Astelehena delako.)
this, that, these, those erakusleak
This – hauThat – hori, huraThese – hauekThose – horiek, haiek
Erreferentzia egiten dioten izena hiztunarengandik gertu ala urrun dagoen adierazten dute. Bat datoz izenarekin zenbakian (singularra / plurala).
Bakarka joaten badira, izenordainak dira.That is my schoolbag. (Hura nire motxila da.)These are your pens. (Hauek zure boligrafoak dira.)
Izen baten aurrean badoaz, adjektiboak dira.This book is good. (Liburu hau ona da.)Those students are in Year 9. (Ikasle hauek bederatzigarren mailan daude.)
4 Complete the questions with Who, What, Where, When or Why. Then match the questions to the answers.
Have got aditzak “eduki” esan nahi du. Guk duguna adierazten du, edo zerbait deskribatzean, zerbait horrek dituen ezaugarriak.
Have got forma I, you, we eta they pertsonekin erabiltzen da, eta has got, berriz, he, she eta it pertsonekin.We have got Tuenti accounts. (Tuenti kontuak ditugu.) Romania has got a blue, yellow and red flag. (Errumaniak bandera urdina, horia eta gorria du.)
Ezezkoetarako not partikula gehitzen da edo n’t laburbildua (haven’t / hasn’t). Forma laburtuak beti ere gehiago erabiltzen dira.Daniel hasn’t got a middle name. (Danielek ez du bigarren izenik.)
Galderak Have / Has + subjektua + got hurrenkeraz osatzen dira. Erantzun motzetan pertsona-izenordain subjektua erabiltzen da, eta ondoren have / haven’t edo has / hasn’t, baina got gabe osatzen dira.Have you got friends on Facebook? Yes, I have. (Lagunik baduzu Facebooken? Bai.)Has Ann got a brother? No, she hasn’t. (Annek badu anaiarik? Ez.)
Check Yourself!Choose the correct answer.
1. Alex haven’t got / hasn’t got a rubber.
2. Dan and Sue has got / have got €2,000.
3. The boys hasn’t got / haven’t got books.
4. She has got / have got my pen.
5. Schools have got / haven’t got teachers.
6. Have / Has we got homework?
7. A week has got / hasn’t got eight days.
8. Have / Has he got an e-mail address?
Answers, see page 32
1 Complete the sentences with have got or has got.
1. Alice a Facebook account.
2. Mark and Sam blue notebooks.
3. We homework tonight.
4. Tom money from China.
5. My friends new mobile phones.
2 Complete the sentences with the correct affirmative or negative form of have got.
1. Beth my tablet.
2. I (not) a pencil today.
3. January 31 days.
4. The girls a website.
5. Our school (not) a computer room.
3 Write questions with Have got or Has got and the words below. Then answer the questions.
Jabeak garen elementuaren (izenaren) aurretik doaz beti, honen generoa nola numeroa kontuan izan barik: our car (gure autoa) – our bikes (gure bizikletak).
Hirugarren pertsona singularrean hiru forma guztiz desberdinak daude, jabea gizonezkoa (his), emakumezkoa (her) edo neutroa (its) dela azaltzeko.His father is Chinese. (Haren [gizonezkoa] aita txinatarra da.)Her surname is Green. (Haren [emakumezkoa] abizena Green da.)
Complete the sentences with the correct possessive adjectives.
1. We’ve got a new house. house is big.
2. I’ve got a mobile phone. phone is red.
3. The dog has got a ball. ball is red.
4. Boris is Russian. English isn’t very good.
5. You haven’t got a pen. Is this pen?
6. J ake and Sue have got a new car. car is yellow.
7. Amber is from France. nationality is French.
8. We haven’t got an English lesson today. teacher isn’t here.
Answers, see page 32
4 Choose the correct answer.
1. Ellen has got a friend from China. Her / His / Its friend is nice.
2. Max and Martin are in Class 8B. His / Their / Your teacher is Mr Burton.
3. The USA hasn’t got euros. Its / My / Your money is dollars.
4. We’ve got a new English teacher. Their / His / Our teacher is from Scotland.
5. I’m 13 years old. His / My / Their birthday is in May.
Present Simple baiezko eranPresent Simple honako hauek adierazteko erabiltzen da:
ohiko ekintzak eta ordutegiak I have a shower every morning. (Goizero dutxatzen naiz.)gustuak eta iritziak I like my smartphone. (Nire smartphonea gustatzen zait.)egia orokorrak We have dinner in the evening. (Gauetan afaltzen dugu.)
Baiezkoan infinitiboaren forma du, baina to gabe, 3. pertsona singularrean izan ezik, honi -s gehitzen baitiogu. Eta kasu batzuetan, aditzaren bukaeraren arabera, -es gehituko diogu:
• ss, sh, ch edo x batez bukatzen bada. miss ➝ misses finish ➝ finishes watch ➝ watches fix ➝ fixes
• o batez bukatzen bada. do ➝ does go ➝ goes
• Kontsonantea + y bukaera badu, y kendu eta i batez ordezten da, -es gehitu aurretik. study ➝ studies
Present Simple aldiarekin honako denbora-esamoldeak joaten dira, maiz: every day / week / year (egunero / astero / urtero), once / twice a year (urtean behin / bitan), on + asteko eguna pluralean, at night (gauean), in the morning (goizean), in the summer (udan), etab. Esaldiaren hasieran edo bukaeran ager daitezke guztiak; bukaeran, hala ere, sarriago ikusiko ditugu.We go to the theatre on Sundays. (Antzerkira joaten gara igandeetan.)
Honako maiztasun-adberbioak ere ohiz erabiltzen dira Present Simple aldiarekin:always (beti) often (maiz) rarely (gutxitan)usually (normalean) sometimes (batzuetan) never (inoiz ez)
Adberbio hauek ekintzak zenbatetan egiten ditugun adierazten dute. Aditzaren aurrean kokatzen dira, to be aditzaren kasuan izan ezik, honen ondoren joaten baitira.I often play the guitar in the afternoon. (Maiz jotzen dut gitarra arratsaldean.)I am never late for school. (Inoiz ez naiz berandu iristen eskolara.)
1 Choose the correct answer.
1. Tom go / goes to school at a half past eight. 4. My cat sleep / sleeps all day.
2. My parents speak / speaks five languages. 5. We finish / finishes dinner at 8.00.
3. Linda study / studies dance at the Royal Ballet School.
2 Look at the chart. Then write sentences with the words below and the correct adverbs of frequency.
Jabetza adierazten du. Pertsonekin, animaliekin eta lekuekin (hiriak, herrialdeak, etab.) erabiltzen da. Izen bati apostrofoa (’) eta s bat gehitzean datza.Sally’s computer (Sally-ren ordenagailua)the dog’s food (txakurraren jatekoa)London’s weather (Londresko eguraldia)
Izena plurala eta erregularra bada, edo s batez amaitzen bada, apostrofoa gehituko dugu besterik gabe; baina plural irregularra bada, ’s erantsiko diogu.my parents’ room (nire gurasoen logela)the children’s teacher (umeen irakaslea)
Izen berezia s batez bukatzen bada, apostrofoa gehitu diezaiokegu soilik, edo, osterantzean, ’s.Charles’ / Charles’s cat (Charles-en katua)
Gauzekin of preposizioa erabiltzen da, eta ez genitibo saxoia.the door of the car (autoaren atea)
Check Yourself!Choose the correct answer.
1. She go / goes to school on Mondays.
2. Our teacher usually wear / wears black shoes.
3. I tidy / tidies my room once a week.
4. The school year always / never starts in September.
5. We visit / visits my grandmother every week.
6. Small children usually / rarely read the newspaper.
7. Steve live / lives in London.
8. You always have / has a sandwich for lunch.
Answers, see page 32
3 Complete the sentences with the Saxon Genitive form of the words in brackets.
1. (My father) car is black.
2. (The children) schoolbags are on their chairs.
3. (The boys) rooms are big.
4. (Ben) house is on Mulberry Street.
5. (The girl) dog is black.
Check Yourself!Write sentences with the Saxon Genitive and the words below.
1. the students / books / are / new
2. Mike / brother / is / Harry
3. my sister / best friend / is / American
4. my parents / names / are / Jane and Jack
5. Linda / tablet / is / new
6. the teacher / book / is / on the table
7. I / like / Greg / mobile phone
8. Harriet / lives / in / her grandparents / house
Present Simple ezezkoetan eta galderazkoetanEzezkoetan do not (don’t) kokatzen da aditzaren aurrean. 3. pertsona singularrean does not (doesn’t) erabiltzen da.I don’t send text messages. (Ez dut testu mezurik bidaltzen.)Mike doesn’t read magazines. (Mikek ez du aldizkaririk irakurtzen.)
Galderetan Do jartzen da esaldiaren hasieran, eta Does 3. pertsona singularra bada. Era honetara, does partikulak 3. pertsona singularra dela adierazten duenez, ez zaio -s gehituko aditz nagusiari. Erantzun motzetan pertsona-izenordain subjektua eta do / does erabiltzen dira baiezkoak badira, eta don’t / doesn’t ezezkoak badira.Galderak galdetzaile bat badarama, galdetzailea joango da do / does partikulen aurretik.Does Cathy ride a bike? Yes, she does. / No, she doesn’t. (Cathy bizikletan ibiltzen al da? Bai. / Ez.)Where do you go on Sundays? (Nora joaten zara igandeetan?)
1 Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the negative form of the Present Simple.
1. My cat (like) dogs.
2. Angela hates animals. She (want) a pet.
3. Elephants eat plants. They (eat) other animals.
4. A Siberian tiger (weigh) 100 kilos. It weighs about 300 kilos.
5. On Sundays, we (go) to school.
6. Blue whales (live) on land.
2 Write sentences with the words below and the Present Simple negative.
1. I / not wear / jeans / at school
2. Andy / not like / dogs
3. the teacher / not use / a tablet
4. they / not watch / TV / every day
5. my grandmother / not understand / the Internet
3 Change the words in bold to make negative sentences. Use the words in brackets.
1. The blue whale lives for 40 years. (60 years)
2. My mother makes pizza on Fridays. (on Sundays)
3. We study English on Wednesdays. (French)
4. Dad goes to work every morning. (every afternoon)
Present Continuous aldiak hitz egiteko unean nahiz une horren inguruan gertatzen ari dena adierazten du. Sarri ikusiko ditugu aldi honekin honako denbora-esamolde hauek: at the moment (une honetan), now (orain), right now (oraintxe bertan), today (gaur), this week (aste honetan), etab. Esamolde horiek guztiak esaldiaren hasieran nola bukaeran ager daitezke, bukaeran ohikoagoak izan arren.
Baiezkoa osatzen da to be aditzaren orainaldiarekin (am, is, are) + -ing bukaera daraman aditz batekin.Tom is sleeping now. (Tom lotan dago orain.)
Ezezkoan not partikula gehitzen zaie am, is eta are formei, edo n’t laburbildua is nahiz are formei (isn’t / aren’t).The students aren’t studying for the test. (Ikasleak ez dira ari azterketarako ikasten.)
Galderak Am / Is / Are + subjektua + -ing amaieradun aditz batekin eratzen dira. Baiezko erantzun motzetarako pertsona-izenordain subjektua eta am, is edo are erabiltzen dira. Ezezkoetan, berriz, is eta are laburbildu egiten dira not partikularekin.Galdera galdetzaile batekin hasten bada, hori am / is / are aditzen aurretik doa.Is Ben cleaning his room at the moment? Yes, he is. / No, he isn’t. (Ben bere logela txukuntzen ari al da une honetan? Bai. Ez.)What is Ben doing? (Zer ari da egiten Ben?)
Honako kasu hauetan, -ing bukaera gehitzerakoan, ortografia-arau hauek jarraitu behar dira:
• e mutuaz amaituek e galdu egiten dute. make ➝ making have ➝ having ride ➝ riding• Silaba bakarrekoek, bokal batez + kontsonante batez bukatuek, kontsonante hori bikoizten dute. shop ➝ shopping swim ➝ swimming get ➝ getting
1 Choose the correct answer.
1. I am doing / is doing / are doing my homework right now.
2. They am waiting / is waiting / are waiting for you in the garden.
3. She am swimming / is swimming / are swimming now.
4. We am having / is having / are having dinner right now.
5. Brian am sleeping / is sleeping / are sleeping at the moment.
2 Complete the sentences with the Present Continuous affirmative form of the verbs in brackets.
1. Linda and John (watch) a film at the moment.
2. We (sit) in the garden now.
3. Tom (study) right now.
4. The dog (eat) at the moment.
5. I (tidy) my room right now.
3 Complete the sentences with the words below. Use the Present Continuous negative.
listen•talk•use•play•visit
1. They football right now.
2. He my tablet at the moment.
3. I to music at the moment.
4. Eleanor on the phone now.
5. My parents friends right now.
4 Complete the questions with the verbs in brackets. Use the correct form of the Present Continuous.
Present Simple / Present Continuous aditz-denboren arteko aldea
Present Simple erabiltzen da ohiko ekintzez hitz egiteko; Present Continuous, kontrara, hitz egiteko unean gertatzen ari dena deskribatzeko.I tidy my room every day. (Egunero txukuntzen dut nire gela.)I am tidying my room now. (Nire gela txukuntzen ari naiz orain.)
Denbora-esamoldeek laguntzen dute aditz-denbora bata bestearengatik bereizten.
Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the correct form of the Present Continuous.
1. They (not work) today.
2. I (wear) Mark’s hat?
3. Andy (tidy) the kitchen?
4. We (talk) about your house.
5. Alison (not use) the car today.
6. you (write) an e-mail now?
7. I (not talk) to Angela at the moment.
8. They (put) the baby to bed right now.
Answers, see page 32
5 Choose the correct answer.
1. I am reading a book on Tuesdays / right now.
2. We go to the cinema at the moment / once a week.
3. Lizzie isn’t having lunch at the moment / every day.
4. The boys are doing their homework usually / now.
5. Every year / Right now, we visit my cousins in London.
6 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the Present Simple or the Present Continuous.
1. Mark and Tom (play) tennis
right now. They (play) every Tuesday.
2. Mum usually (make) pizza on
Saturday nights. Today, she (not make) pizza.
3. you (watch)
TV right now? you always (watch) TV after dinner?
4. I usually
(not have) a big breakfast, but I (have) a big breakfast today.
Check Yourself!
Check Yourself!Choose the correct answer.
1. We study / are studying music once a week.
2. I don’t read / am not reading this book at the moment.
3. Are they helping / Do they help you right now?
4. My cat always sits / is sitting on my chair.
5. Does Mark play / Is Mark playing with the dog now?
6. You never are using / use your mobile phone at school.
7. We aren’t chatting / don’t chat to our friends now.
8. Susie isn’t watching / doesn’t watch TV in the morning.
A / an artikulu mugagabea izen zenbakarri singularren aurrean doa, eta izen hori hiztunari ezezaguna zaionean erabiltzen da. Izen hori bokalez hasten bada, orduan, an forma erabiliko dugu.She has got a computer. (Ordenagailua du hark.)I use an umbrella in the rain. (Aterkia erabiltzen dut euritan.)
Some izen zenbakarri pluralekin eta izen zenbakaitzekin erabiltzen da baiezko esaldietan.John is buying some toys. (John jostailu batzuk erosten ari da.)I need some water. (Ur pixka bat behar dut.)
The artikulu mugatua izen zenbakarrien aurrean joaten da, eta zenbakaitzen aurrean, zerbait zehatza aipatzen denean edo lehen ere aipatua izan denean; baina inoiz ez gauzei buruz era orokorrean hitz egiten denean (kasu horretan, berdin dio zenbakarriak nola zenbakaitzak izan).The dog is sleeping. (Txakurra lotan dago. [zehatza])Dogs are great pets. (Txakurrak maskota oso onak dira.[orokorrean])
1 Complete the chart with the words below and a, an or some.
There is (there’s laburtuta) egitura izen zenbakarri singularren edo izen zenbakaitzen aurrean joaten da. Ondoren, a / an edo some formak hartzen ditu. There are egitura, aldiz, izen zenbakarri pluralen aurretik bakarrik joan daiteke, eta some darama ondoren.There is a banana. (Banana bat dago.)There is some water. (Ur pixka bat dago.)There are some cucumbers. (Luzoker batzuk daude.)
Ezezkoa
There is / There are + not partikula (There is not / There are not) hurrenkera erabiliko dugu, edo n’t laburbildua (There isn’t / There aren’t). Izen zenbakarri pluralekin eta izen zenbakaitzekin, ondoren, any erabiltzen da.There isn’t any sugar. (Ez dago [batere] azukrerik.)There aren’t any sandwiches. (Ez dago sandwichik.)
Galderak eta erantzun motzak
Galderek Is / Are daramate there partikularen aurrean. Jarraian any daramate, eta izen zenbakarri bat pluralean edo izen zenbakaitz bat. Erantzun motzetan ohiko hurrenkerara itzuliko gara, eta ezezkoak badira hauek, forma laburtuak erabiliko ditugu.Is there any juice? Yes, there is. (Zukurik badago? Bai.)Are there any mushrooms in the salad? No, there aren’t. (Txanpiñoirik badago entsaladan? Ez.)
4 Complete the sentences with There is, There isn’t, There are or There aren’t.
1. an apple in my bag. Do you want it?
2. any children in the park.
3. some milk on the table.
4. any lettuce for the salad.
5. some olives on my pizza.
6. I’m sorry. a doctor at the clinic today.
5 Write questions with Is there or Are there and the words below.
1. an / onion / in the salad
2. any / drinks / in the kitchen
3. any / sauce / for the spaghetti
4. any / strawberries / in the fruit salad
5. a / good restaurant / on this street
How much / How manyHow much eta How many galdetzaileak erabiltzen dira zerbaiten kopurua edo zenbakia jakin nahi dugunean.
How many izen zenbakarri pluralez jarraitua ikusiko dugu. How many dogs are there? (Zenbat txakur daude?)
How much izen zenbakaitzen aurrean joaten da. How much milk is there? (Zenbat esne dago?)
How much galdetzailearen ondoren to be aditza doanean, gauza baten prezioa galdetzeko izango da. How much is the car? (Zenbat balio du autoak?)
Complete the questions with How much or How many.
1. water do you drink every day?
2. sandwiches have you got?
3. sugar do you want in your tea?
4. brothers have you got?
5. time have we got before the film?
Check Yourself!Choose the correct answer.
1. There is / There are / Is there a new ice cream shop in town.
2. There are / Is there / Are there a dining room in your house?
3. There is / There are / There aren’t some mushrooms on the pizza.
4. Is there / Are there / There are any cheese in this cake?
5. Are there / There are / There aren’t any songs on my mobile phone.
6. There isn’t / There aren’t / Is there any milk for my coffee.
7. There aren’t / Is there / Are there any girls in the football team?
8. There is / There isn’t / There are an English lesson now. It’s tomorrow.
Can moduzko aditzak gaitasuna (jakin), posibilitatea (ahal izan) eta zerbait egiteko baimena (ahal izan) adierazten du.He can surf. (Badaki surf egiten.)We can go today. (Gaur joan gaitezke.)You can use my computer. (Nire ordenagailua erabil dezakezu.)
Ezezkoetan cannot (banandu gabe) edo can’t forma laburtua erabiltzen da.I cannot swim. (Ez dakit igeri egiten.)They can’t call me. (Ezin didate deitu.)
Galderak osatzeko hurrenkera aldatzen da, subjektua Can aditzaren ondoren jarriz. Erantzun motzetan pertsona-izenordain subjektua erabiltzen da, eta gero can edo can’t.Can you do gymnastics? Yes, I can. (Gimnasia egiten badakizu? Bai.)Can I help you? No, you can’t. (Lagun diezazuket? Ez.)
Modu-adberbioak
Modu-adberbioek aditzak aldarazten dituzte, ekintza nola egiten den deskribatzen baitute. How ...? (Nola...?) galdetzaileaz hasitako galderak erantzuten dira beroriekin.
Gehienak erregularrak dira, eta dagokion adjektiboari -ly gehituz osatzen dira. Baina badaude goiko araua jarraitzen ez dutenak, eta, ondorioz, buruz ikasi behar dira (good – well, fast – fast, hard – hard, high – high).I can’t run quickly. (Ezin dut korrika azkar egin.)They can swim well. (Ongi dakite igeri egiten.)
1 Complete the sentences with can or can’t.
1. An elephant jump.
2. I’m sorry. I hear you.
3. My mobile phone has got a great camera. It take beautiful pictures.
4. Linda is four years old. She walk and talk.
5. Alex help you now. He’s working.
6. We go to the park. It’s a nice day.
2 Write questions with the words below and Can. Then match the questions to the answers.
1. Greg / play / baseball
2. the girls / dance / well
3. your mobile phone / work / in water
4. Mrs Sheldon / snowboard
5. you / open / this window
a. No, it can’t.
b. No, I can’t.
c. Yes, she can.
d. Yes, he can.
e. No, they can’t.
3 Complete the sentences with the adverb form of the adjectives in brackets.
1. Tom dances (beautiful).
2. She always gets 100% in tests because she works very (hard).
3. Little children can’t sit (quiet).
4. Cathy can swim (fast).
5. These questions aren’t hard. You can answer them (easy).
Must aditzak zerbait egitea komenigarria, beharrezkoa edo nahitaezkoa dela adierazten du (“behar izan” esangura du).You must go to school. (Eskolara joan behar duzu.)
Kontrara, mustn’t ezezkoak (must eta not laburbilduz) debekua adierazten du, zerbait egiterik ez dagoela edo ezin dela, ez delako komeni egitea edo ez delako zuzena.You mustn’t kick the ball. (Ezin diozu baloiari ostikorik eman. [debekatuta dago])We mustn’t be late. (Ezin dugu berandu iritsi. [ez dago ondo])
Complete the sentences with must or mustn’t.
1. Shh! We be quiet.
2. I tidy my room once a week.
3. You sit there. It’s the teacher’s chair.
4. Dogs eat chocolate. It’s very bad for them.
5. You bounce the ball in basketball.
6. I have any cake. I’m on a diet.
7. We get some money. I’ve only got £5.
8. You write in your Student’s Book. Use your notebook.
Answers, see page 32
4 Complete the sentences with must or mustn’t.
1. You’re tired. You go to bed.
2. Students eat during the lesson.
3. You feed your dog every day.
4. You talk during the concert.
5. The exam starts at 9.00. We be late.
5 Match the sentences in A to the sentences in B.
A
1. It’s very hot today.
2. Jess doesn’t know about her surprise party.
3. Next week is Dad’s birthday.
4. The children are hungry.
5. The boys have got a test tomorrow.
B
a. They must eat.
b. You must remember to drink.
c. They mustn’t go out tonight.
d. We must buy him a present.
e. We mustn’t tell her.
Check Yourself!Choose the correct answer.
1. I’ve got a ball. We can / can’t play basketball.
2. She always does good / well in exams.
3. Susan reads fast / slowly. She can read a book in a day.
4. I can / can’t hear the teacher. What is she saying?
5. Luke can’t kick a ball. He plays football badly / well.
6. Tom is only three years old, but he can / can’t ski.
7. She doesn’t understand you. She can / can’t speak English.
8. Johnny sings beautifully / fast. He can be a singer.
1. Yesterday, Mark and I was / were at the museum.
2. I was / were at the church on Sunday.
3. It was / wasn’t cold yesterday, but today it’s hot.
4. Tom was / wasn’t at school because he was ill.
5. They wasn’t / were at the café ten minutes ago.
6. You were / weren’t at the party on Friday night. Why not?
2 Write questions with was and were and the words below.
1. it / cold / yesterday
2. you / at the bank / on Friday
3. when / your tenth birthday
4. where / your friends / 20 minutes ago
5. your parents / at your school / yesterday
6. who / your English teacher / last year
Complete the sentences with the correct form of was or were.
1. Mike and Sam at the supermarket on Saturday.
2. I (not) at the sports centre last week.
3. it hot yesterday?
4. We (not) at home an hour ago.
5. What the first lesson yesterday?
6. They at the museum on Saturday.
7. you in the football team last year?
8. Why you sad yesterday morning?
Answers, see page 32
To be aditza lehenaldian: was / wereTo be aditzaren lehenaldia iraganeko gertaerak kontatzeko edo deskribatzeko erabiltzen da.
Baiezkoan, was erabiltzen da subjektua I, he, she edo it denean, eta were subjektua we, you eta they denean.
Ekintza gertatu zen unea adierazteko, perpausek honako denbora-esamolde hauetakoren bat eraman ohi dute: yesterday (atzo), last night / month / Monday (bart/ joan den hilean/ joan den astelehenean), the other day (lehengoan), a year ago (orain dela urte bete), etab. Guztiak perpausaren hasieran ala bukaeran joan daitezke; bukaeran, ordea, ohikoagoak dira.Daniel was at the bank yesterday. (Daniel banketxean egon zen atzo.)We were at the museum the other day. (Museoan egon ginen lehengoan.)
Ezezkoan, not partikula edo n’t (wasn’t / weren’t) laburdura gehitzen zaio.He wasn’t at the bookshop. (Ez zegoen liburu-dendan.)
Galderetan, Was / Were hasieran kokatzen dira. Erantzun motzetan pertsona-izenordain subjektua erabiltzen da, eta, ondoren, was / wasn’t edo were / weren’t.Galderak galdetzailea badarama, hori joango da aurrena, was / were formen aurretik.Were the boys at the stadium? Yes, they were. / No, they weren’t. (Mutilak estadioan egon / izan al ziren? Bai. / Ez.)When was the party? (Noiz izan zen festa?)
3 Answer the questions in Exercise 2 so they are true for you.
1. There was / There were some famous people at the sports centre yesterday.
2. There was / There were some money on the table 10 minutes ago.
3. Was there / Were there any people at the church this morning?
4. There wasn’t / There weren’t a shop in the hospital last year.
5. There wasn’t / There weren’t any interesting books at the bookshop.
6. Were there / Was there a cinema on your street five years ago?
7. Was there / Were there any good food at the restaurant?
Answers, see page 32
There was / There wereThere is eta There are formen lehenaldiko aldaerak dira; beraz, “zegoen” eta “zeuden” esangura dute.
There was egiturak gauza bat zegoela adierazten du; horregatik, izen zenbakarri singular batek jarraitzen dio edo izen zenbakaitz batek.There was a café in the shopping centre. (Kafetegi bat zegoen merkataritza-gunean.)There was information on the Internet. (Interneten zegoen informazioa.)
There were aldaerak bi gauza edo gehiago zeudela adierazten du, eta, ondorioz, izen zenbakarri pluralekin joaten da.There were sweets on the shelf. (Goxokiak zeuden apalean.)
Ezezkoan not partikula edo n’t (wasn’t / weren’t) laburdura erabiltzen da, eta erantzun motzetan ohiko hurrenkerara itzuliko gara. Ezezkoak badira, forma laburtuak erabiltzen dira.There weren’t any people at the bank. (Ez zegoen [batere] jenderik bankuan.)
Galderazkoetan, Was / Were jartzen da there erakuslearen aurretik, eta erantzun laburretan hitz-ordena arrunta erabiltzen da berriz ere. Ezezkoak badira, forma laburtuak erabiltzen dira.Were there children at the sports centre? Yes, there were. / No, there weren’t. (Umerik bazegoen kiroldegian? Bai. / Ez.)
4 Complete the sentences with There was, There wasn’t, There were or There weren’t.
5. (not) a butcher’s in this town ten years ago.
6. two restaurants on this street in the past.
7. (not) any information on the Internet.
1. a bakery here last year.
2. (not) any computers 200 years ago.
3. three cafés at the shopping centre two years ago.
4. some milk in the fridge yesterday.
5 Complete the questions with Was there or Were there.
Past Simple baiezko eranPast Simple aldia erabiltzen da iraganeko une zehatz batean gertatutako ekintzak adierazteko eta istorioak lehenaldian kontatzeko. Ekintza noiz gertatu zen adierazteko, to be aditzaren lehenaldiarekin erabiltzen diren denbora-esamolde berak erabiltzen dira.I bought new trainers last week. (Kiroletako oinetako berri batzuk erosi nituen joan den astean.)
Aditz erregularren Past Simple aldia aditzaren oinarrizko formari -ed gehituz osatzen da. Horregatik, arreta jarri behar zaie honako ortografia-arau hauei:
• e mutuaz amaitzen bada, -d hartuko du soilik. live ➝ lived
• Aditza silaba bakarrekoa bada eta bokal 1 + kontsonante 1 baditu amaieran, kontsonante hori bikoiztu egiten da.
stop ➝ stopped
• Kontsonantea + y amaieraduna bada, y hori i bilakatuko da. carry ➝ carried
Aditz irregularrek ez dute inongo araurik jarraitzen, eta, horrenbestez, buruz ikasi behar dira lehenaldiko formak. 33-34 orrialdeetan duzu zerrenda.
1 Complete the chart with the verbs below in the corrrect Past Simple form.
Baiezkoa to be aditzaren orainaldia + going to + aditzoin batekin osatzen da, eta “aditz nagusiaren erroari -go / -ko gehitu + aditz laguntzailea” itzul daiteke. Gure egitasmoei eta erabakiei buruz hitz egiteko erabiltzen denez, ekintzak noiz gertatuko diren adieraziko duten etorkizuneko denbora-esamoldeak aurkituko ditugu maiz: tomorrow (bihar), later (geroago), soon (laster), in an hour (ordu bete barru), next week (datorren astean), etab.I’m going to fly to London tomorrow. (Bihar Londresera noa hegazkinez.)
Ezezko era osatzeko not partikula edo n’t laburtua gehitu behar zaio to be aditzari.She isn’t going to visit her family this summer. (Hark ez du bere familia bisitatuko uda honetan.)
Galderak Am / Is / Are + subjektua + going to + aditzoina kokatuz osatzen dira. Eta erantzun motzak pertsona-izenordain subjektua + to be aditzarekin osatzen dira; laburbiltzeke, baiezkoak badira, edo not partikularekin laburtuta, ezezkoak badira.Are your friends going to go to a party on Saturday? Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t. (Zure lagunak festa batera doaz larunbatean? Bai. / Ez.)What are you going to do this weekend?(Zer egingo duzu aste bukaera honetan?)
Check Yourself!Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets and the correct form of be going to.
1. Albert (go) to Italy this summer.
2. Amber (buy) a motorbike?
3. We (not play) football on Saturday.
4. When Sam (call) you?
5. Linda and I (meet) at the café.
6. the boys (come) tomorrow?
7. What you (do) this summer?
8. I (not invite) Rachel to my party. Answers, see page 32
1 Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the affirmative or negative form of be going to.
1. Susan and Alice (buy) shoes later.
2. My dad (not work) at home today.
3. I (do) my homework tonight.
4. We (not watch) that TV programme again.
5. Next year, Max (visit) his grandparents in Italy.
6. I (not eat) meat for a week!
2 Write questions with the words below and be going to. Then answer the questions so they are true for you.
Present Continuous etorkizun zentzuarekinEtorkizun hurbilean gertatuko diren aldez aurretik finkaturiko ekintzak iragartzeko erabiltzen da. Etorkizuneko zentzu hori argi gera dadin, ekintza noiz gertatuko den azaldu behar da, denbora-esamoldeak erabiliz (be going to aldiarekin erabiltzen diren berberak).We are leaving at nine o’clock tomorrow. (Bihar bederatziak puntuan aterako gara.)
Be going to egiturarekin duen aldea zera da: honekin intentzioaz soilik dihardugula, eta etorkizun adiera duen Present Continuous egiturarekin, aldiz, ziurtasun osoz gertatuko den zerbaitez, aldez aurretik finkatua baitago.I am playing tennis next Saturday. (Tenisean jokatzera noa datorren larunbatean.)4. unitatean ikusi zenuen nola osatzen zen Present Continuous denbora, baiezko, ezezko, galdera eta erantzun motz egituretan.I am buying a smartphone tomorrow. (Bihar smartphone bat erostera noa.)My father is not driving to work later. (Nire aita ez doa autoz lanera gero.)Are you taking the bus in an hour? Yes, we are. / No, we aren’t. (Autobusa hartuko al duzue ordu bete barru? Bai. / Ez.) Who is having a party on Friday? (Nork du festa ostiralean?)
Complete the sentences with the correct object pronouns.
1. I’m talking. Are you listening to ?
2. Jack needs a pen. Please give this pen to .
3. The girls are waiting for you. Can you talk to ?
4. That milk is bad. Don’t drink .
5. We’re going to visit Uncle Peter. Do you want to come with ?
3 Complete the sentences with the correct Present Continuous form of the verbs below.
arrive•notcall•have•play•make•notcome
1. Tom and Guy volleyball on Friday.
2. The plane at half past twelve.
3. Bruce and Martin a party on Saturday night?
4. Ann is ill. She to the café later.
5. I Lynne tonight. I’m busy.
6. When Alexis dinner?
Check Yourself!Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets and the correct form of the Present Continuous.
1. We (leave) in five minutes.
2. Why you (fly) to France next week?
3. James (play) football tomorrow.
4. you (take) the dog to the park soon?
Answers, see page 32
5. We (not have) an exam on Friday.
6. I (not go) to the party tomorrow.
7. What Jess (do) this evening?
8. Tom (not buy) a scooter later.
Pertsona-izenordain objektuakme ni (niri)you zu (zuri)him hura (hari [gizonezkoari])her hura (hari [emakumezkoari])
Objektu-funtzioa dute esaldian, hots, osagarri zuzenarena, zeharkakoarena edo zirkunstantzialarena.I called him last night. (Atzo gauen deitu nion.)She gave us the books. (Liburuak eman zizkigun.)They came with me. (Nirekin etorri ziren.)
it hura (hari [gauza edo animaliari])us gu (guri)you zuek (zuei)them haiek (haiei)
1. The students’ books are new.2. Mike’s brother is Harry. 3. My sister’s best friend is American.4. My parents’ names are Jane and Jack.5. Linda’s tablet is new.6. The teacher’s book is on the table.7. I like Greg’s mobile phone.8. Harriet lives in her grandparents’ house.
Unit 3, page 18, Present Simple ezezkoetan, eta galderazkoetan
1. ride 5. don’t walk2. Does 6. sleeps3. doesn’t like 7. Do4. do 8. does
Unit 4, page 20, Present Continuous
1. aren’t working 5. isn’t using2. Am … wearing 6. Are … writing3. Is … tidying 7. am not talking4. are talking 8. are putting
Unit 4, page 21, Present Simple / Present Continuous aditz-denboren arteko aldea
1. study 5. Is Mark playing2. am not reading 6. use3. Are they helping 7. aren’t chatting4. sits 8. doesn’t watch
Unit 5, page 22, a, an, some, the
1. some 3. a 5. some 7. some2. the 4. some 6. an 8. The
Unit 5, page 23, There is / There are, any
1. There is 5. There aren’t 2. Is there 6. There isn’t3. There are 7. Are there 4. Is there 8. There isn’t
Unit 6, page 24, can / can’t; Modu-adberbioak
1. can 3. fast 5. badly 7. can’t2. well 4. can’t 6. can 8. beautifully
Unit 6, page 25, must / mustn’t
1. must 3. mustn’t 5. must 7. must2. must 4. mustn’t 6. mustn’t 8. mustn’t
Unit 7, page 26, To be aditza lehenaldian: was / were
1. were 3. Was 5. was 7. Were2. wasn’t 4. weren’t 6. were 8. were
Unit 7, page 27, There was / There were
1. There were 5. There weren’t2. There was 6. Was there3. Were there 7. Was there4. There wasn’t
Unit 8, page 28, Past Simple baiezko eran
1. wore 3. bought 5. studied 7. saw2. started 4. wrote 6. walked 8. visited
Unit 9, page 30, Etorkizuna be going to egiturarekin
1. is going to go 5. are going to meet2. Is … going to buy 6. Are … going to come3. aren’t going to play 7. are … going to do4. is … going to call 8. am not going to invite
Unit 9, page 31, Present Continuous etorkizun zentzuarekin
1. are leaving 5. aren’t having2. are … flying 6. am not going3. is playing 7. is … doing4. Are … taking 8. isn’t buying
• Puntua(.)baiezkoetaezezkoesaldienbukaeranerabiltzenda. Monkeys like bananas. Pandas don’t eat animals.• Galdera-ikurra(?)galderenamaieranbakarrikkokatzenda. Have you got a rabbit? Do zebras sleep at night?• Harridura-ikurra(!)esaldi-amaieranbakarrikdoabaitaere;emozioaketasentimenduakadieraztekoetazerbait
berezikinabarmentzekoerabiltzenda. Wow! This is great!• Komak(,)hitzakedoideiakbanantzenditu.Normalean,ezdiraandjuntagailuarenaurreanerabiltzen. Cats, dogs and hamsters are popular pets.