[MS-XLS]:
Excel Binary File Format (.xls) Structure
Intellectual Property Rights Notice for Open Specifications
Documentation
· Technical Documentation. Microsoft publishes Open
Specifications documentation (“this documentation”) for protocols,
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support. Additionally, overview documents cover inter-protocol
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Support. For questions and support, please contact
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Revision Summary
Date
Revision History
Revision Class
Comments
6/27/2008
1.0
New
First release
8/15/2008
1.01
Minor
Revised and edited the technical content
10/6/2008
1.02
Minor
Revised and edited the technical content
1/16/2009
1.03
Minor
Updated the Intellectual Property Rights Notice
7/13/2009
1.04
Major
Changes made for template compliance
8/28/2009
1.05
Editorial
Revised and edited the technical content
11/6/2009
1.06
Editorial
Revised and edited the technical content
2/19/2010
2.0
Major
Updated and revised the technical content
3/31/2010
2.01
Editorial
Revised and edited the technical content
4/30/2010
2.02
Editorial
Revised and edited the technical content
6/7/2010
2.03
Minor
Updated the technical content
6/29/2010
2.04
Editorial
Changed language and formatting in the technical content.
7/23/2010
2.04
None
No changes to the meaning, language, or formatting of the
technical content.
9/27/2010
2.05
Minor
Clarified the meaning of the technical content.
11/15/2010
2.05
None
No changes to the meaning, language, or formatting of the
technical content.
12/17/2010
2.05
None
No changes to the meaning, language, or formatting of the
technical content.
3/18/2011
2.05
None
No changes to the meaning, language, or formatting of the
technical content.
6/10/2011
2.05
None
No changes to the meaning, language, or formatting of the
technical content.
1/20/2012
2.6
Minor
Clarified the meaning of the technical content.
4/11/2012
2.6
None
No changes to the meaning, language, or formatting of the
technical content.
7/16/2012
2.6
None
No changes to the meaning, language, or formatting of the
technical content.
10/8/2012
2.7
Minor
Clarified the meaning of the technical content.
2/11/2013
2.7
None
No changes to the meaning, language, or formatting of the
technical content.
7/30/2013
2.8
Minor
Clarified the meaning of the technical content.
11/18/2013
2.8
None
No changes to the meaning, language, or formatting of the
technical content.
2/10/2014
2.8
None
No changes to the meaning, language, or formatting of the
technical content.
4/30/2014
3.0
Major
Significantly changed the technical content.
7/31/2014
3.1
Minor
Clarified the meaning of the technical content.
10/30/2014
3.2
Minor
Clarified the meaning of the technical content.
3/16/2015
4.0
Major
Significantly changed the technical content.
9/4/2015
4.1
Minor
Clarified the meaning of the technical content.
7/15/2016
4.2
Minor
Clarified the meaning of the technical content.
8/23/2016
4.2
None
No changes to the meaning, language, or formatting of the
technical content.
9/14/2016
4.2
None
No changes to the meaning, language, or formatting of the
technical content.
10/17/2016
5.0
Major
Significantly changed the technical content.
6/20/2017
6.0
Major
Significantly changed the technical content.
9/19/2017
6.1
Minor
Clarified the meaning of the technical content.
Table of Contents
1Introduction28
1.1Glossary28
1.2References50
1.2.1Normative References50
1.2.2Informative References52
1.3Overview52
1.3.1stream Byte Ordering53
1.3.2Organization of This Documentation53
1.4Relationship to Protocols and Other Structures54
1.5Applicability Statement54
1.6Versioning and Localization54
1.7Vendor-Extensible Fields55
2Structures56
2.1File Structure56
2.1.1Compound File56
2.1.2Stream56
2.1.3Substream56
2.1.4Record56
2.1.5Collection of Records57
2.1.6Future Record57
2.1.6.1Chart58
2.1.6.2PivotTable58
2.1.7Storages and Streams58
2.1.7.1Component Object Stream (\001CompObj)58
2.1.7.2Control Stream (Ctls)59
2.1.7.3Data Spaces Storage (\006DataSpaces)59
2.1.7.4Document Summary Information Stream
(\005DocumentSummaryInformation)59
2.1.7.5Embedding Storage (MBD...)59
2.1.7.6Encryption Stream (encryption)59
2.1.7.7Link Storage (LNK...)59
2.1.7.8List Data Stream (List Data)60
2.1.7.8.1Attributes61
2.1.7.8.2Elements61
2.1.7.8.2.1LISTNAME62
2.1.7.8.2.2VIEWGUID62
2.1.7.8.2.3LISTWEB62
2.1.7.8.2.4ROOTFOLDER62
2.1.7.8.2.5LISTSCHEMA62
2.1.7.8.2.6VIEWSCHEMA63
2.1.7.8.2.7LISTDATA63
2.1.7.8.2.8UPDATE63
2.1.7.8.2.9LISTDATAFTR64
2.1.7.9Office Data Store Storage (MsoDataStore)64
2.1.7.10Office Toolbars Stream (XCB)64
2.1.7.11OLE Stream (\001Ole)65
2.1.7.12Pivot Cache Storage (_SX_DB_CUR)65
2.1.7.13Protected Content Stream (\009DRMContent)65
2.1.7.14Revision Stream (Revision Log)65
2.1.7.15Signatures Stream (_signatures)66
2.1.7.16Summary Information Stream
(\005SummaryInformation)66
2.1.7.17User Names Stream (User Names)67
2.1.7.18VBA Storage (_VBA_PROJECT_CUR)67
2.1.7.19Viewer Content Stream (\009DRMViewerContent)67
2.1.7.20Workbook Stream (Workbook)67
2.1.7.20.1Chart Sheet Substream67
2.1.7.20.2Dialog Sheet Substream69
2.1.7.20.3Globals Substream69
2.1.7.20.4Macro Sheet Substream71
2.1.7.20.5Worksheet Substream71
2.1.7.20.6Common Productions73
2.1.7.21XML Signatures Storage (_xmlsignatures)75
2.1.7.22XML Stream (XML)75
2.1.7.22.1Elements76
2.1.7.22.1.1MapInfo77
2.1.7.22.1.2Schema77
2.1.7.22.1.3Map77
2.1.7.22.1.4DataBinding78
2.1.7.22.2Simple Types78
2.1.7.22.2.1ST_DataBindingLoadMode78
2.1.7.22.2.2ST_XmlMapBoolean79
2.1.7.22.2.3ST_XmlMapId79
2.1.7.22.2.4ST_XmlString6553579
2.1.7.22.2.5ST_XmlString25679
2.2Conceptual Overview79
2.2.1Cell Table79
2.2.1.1Retrieval of Last-Calculated Cell Values Without Loading
Cell Table80
2.2.2Formulas80
2.2.2.1Operator Tokens81
2.2.2.2Operand Tokens81
2.2.2.2.1Value Class81
2.2.2.2.2Reference Class82
2.2.2.3Control Tokens82
2.2.2.4Display Tokens82
2.2.2.5Mem Tokens82
2.2.2.6Formula Elements82
2.2.3Charts82
2.2.3.1Chart Sheet83
2.2.3.2Chart Data Cache84
2.2.3.3Chart85
2.2.3.4Pivot Chart86
2.2.3.5Axis Group86
2.2.3.6Axis88
2.2.3.7Chart Group90
2.2.3.8Legend91
2.2.3.9Series93
2.2.3.10Data Point94
2.2.3.11Data Label94
2.2.3.12Trendline100
2.2.3.13Error Bar100
2.2.3.14Data Table101
2.2.3.15Attached Label102
2.2.3.16SPRC103
2.2.3.17Chart Area103
2.2.4Metadata103
2.2.4.1Metadata Types104
2.2.4.2Cell Metadata104
2.2.4.3Value Metadata104
2.2.4.4Metadata Block105
2.2.4.5MDX Metadata105
2.2.4.5.1MDX Tuple Metadata106
2.2.4.5.2MDX Set Metadata106
2.2.4.5.3MDX Member Property Metadata106
2.2.4.5.4MDX KPI Metadata106
2.2.5PivotTables106
2.2.5.1PivotTable Records107
2.2.5.1.1Usage of SXAddl Records107
2.2.5.1.1.1Class107
2.2.5.1.1.1.1SxcView Class108
2.2.5.1.1.1.2SxcField Class109
2.2.5.1.1.1.3SxcHierarchy Class109
2.2.5.1.1.1.4SxcCache Class110
2.2.5.1.1.1.5SxcCacheField Class111
2.2.5.1.1.1.6SxcQsi Class111
2.2.5.1.1.1.7SxcQuery Class112
2.2.5.1.1.1.8SxcGrpLevel Class112
2.2.5.1.1.1.9SxcGroup Class112
2.2.5.1.1.1.10SxcCacheItem Class113
2.2.5.1.1.1.11SxcSXrule Class113
2.2.5.1.1.1.12SxcSXfilt Class114
2.2.5.1.1.1.13SxcSXDH Class114
2.2.5.1.1.1.14SxcAutoSort Class114
2.2.5.1.1.1.15SxcSXMgs Class115
2.2.5.1.1.1.16SxcSXMg Class115
2.2.5.1.1.1.17SxcField12 Class115
2.2.5.1.1.1.18SxcSXCondFmts Class116
2.2.5.1.1.1.19SxcSXCondFmt Class116
2.2.5.1.1.1.20SxcSXFilters12 Class116
2.2.5.1.1.1.21SxcSXFilter12 Class117
2.2.5.2Data Functionality Level117
2.2.5.3PivotCache117
2.2.5.3.1PivotCache Functionality Level118
2.2.5.3.2Source Data118
2.2.5.3.2.1Multiple Consolidation Ranges119
2.2.5.3.3Associated PivotTable views121
2.2.5.3.4OLAP PivotCache121
2.2.5.3.4.1OLAP Data Model121
2.2.5.3.5Cache Fields122
2.2.5.3.6Cache Items123
2.2.5.3.7Grouping125
2.2.5.3.8Calculated Fields131
2.2.5.3.9Calculated Items132
2.2.5.3.10OLAP Grouping132
2.2.5.3.11OLAP Calculated Members132
2.2.5.3.12Cache Records133
2.2.5.4PivotTable View134
2.2.5.4.1Associated PivotCache134
2.2.5.4.2OLAP PivotTable view134
2.2.5.4.3Pivot Fields134
2.2.5.4.3.1Pivot Field Sorting135
2.2.5.4.4Pivot Items136
2.2.5.4.5Pivot Hierarchies136
2.2.5.4.5.1Association of Pivot Hierarchies and Pivot Fields and
Cache Fields137
2.2.5.4.5.2Measures138
2.2.5.4.5.3KPIs138
2.2.5.4.5.4Named Sets138
2.2.5.4.6Member Properties138
2.2.5.4.7Manual Filters139
2.2.5.4.7.1Non-OLAP Manual Filters139
2.2.5.4.7.2OLAP Manual Filters139
2.2.5.4.8Filtering by Criteria140
2.2.5.4.8.1Advanced Filters140
2.2.5.4.8.1.1Label Filters141
2.2.5.4.8.1.2Date Filters141
2.2.5.4.8.1.3Value Filters142
2.2.5.4.8.2Simple Filters142
2.2.5.4.9PivotTable Axes142
2.2.5.4.9.1Page Axis142
2.2.5.4.9.1.1Non-OLAP Page Filtering143
2.2.5.4.9.1.2OLAP Page Filtering143
2.2.5.4.9.2Row Axis144
2.2.5.4.9.3Column Axis145
2.2.5.4.9.4Nesting145
2.2.5.4.9.4.1Collapsing146
2.2.5.4.9.4.2Subtotalling147
2.2.5.4.9.5Data Axis149
2.2.5.4.9.5.1Data Items149
2.2.5.4.9.5.2Data Field149
2.2.5.4.10PivotTable Layout149
2.2.5.4.10.1Location and Body150
2.2.5.4.10.1.1Row Area152
2.2.5.4.10.1.2Column Area153
2.2.5.4.10.1.3Page Area153
2.2.5.4.10.1.4Data Area154
2.2.5.4.10.2Truncation154
2.2.5.4.10.3Pivot Lines154
2.2.5.4.10.4Pivot Line Entries155
2.2.5.4.11PivotTable Rules156
2.2.6Styles157
2.2.6.1XFs157
2.2.6.1.1Cell XFs157
2.2.6.1.2Cell Styles157
2.2.6.1.2.1Cell Style XFs158
2.2.6.1.2.2Normal Style158
2.2.6.2Differential Formatting (DXFs)158
2.2.6.2.1Conditional Formatting158
2.2.6.2.2Table Style Elements159
2.2.6.2.3Table Block-Level Formatting159
2.2.6.2.4PivotTable Areas159
2.2.6.2.5Sorting and Filtering159
2.2.6.3Table Styles159
2.2.6.4Format Conflicts159
2.2.7External References160
2.2.7.1External Reference Consumers160
2.2.7.2Supporting Link160
2.2.7.3External Workbook161
2.2.7.4External Defined Name161
2.2.7.5External Cell Cache161
2.2.7.6DDE Data Source161
2.2.7.7DDE Data Item161
2.2.7.8OLE Data Source161
2.2.7.9OLE Data Item161
2.2.8External Connections162
2.2.8.1Connection Name162
2.2.8.2External Connection Files162
2.2.8.3OLE DB Connections162
2.2.8.3.1OLAP Connections162
2.2.8.4ODBC Connections163
2.2.8.5Web Connections163
2.2.8.6Text Import Connections163
2.2.8.7ADO Recordset Connections163
2.2.8.8DAO Recordset Connections163
2.2.9Password Verifier Algorithm163
2.2.10Encryption (Password to Open)164
2.2.11Shared Workbooks165
2.2.11.1User Log167
2.2.11.2Revision Logs167
2.2.11.3Revision Records167
2.2.11.4Insertion / Deletion of Rows / Columns Revision167
2.2.11.5Move Cells Revision168
2.2.11.6Change Cells Revision168
2.2.11.7Sort Map168
2.2.12Shared Feature168
2.3Record Enumeration168
2.3.1By Name169
2.3.2By Number180
2.4Records191
2.4.1AlRuns191
2.4.2Area191
2.4.3AreaFormat192
2.4.4Array197
2.4.5AttachedLabel198
2.4.6AutoFilter199
2.4.7AutoFilter12201
2.4.8AutoFilterInfo204
2.4.9AxcExt204
2.4.10AxesUsed207
2.4.11Axis207
2.4.12AxisLine208
2.4.13AxisParent209
2.4.14Backup209
2.4.15Bar209
2.4.16BCUsrs210
2.4.17Begin210
2.4.18BigName211
2.4.19BkHim211
2.4.20Blank212
2.4.21BOF212
2.4.22BookBool214
2.4.23BookExt215
2.4.24BoolErr216
2.4.25BopPop216
2.4.26BopPopCustom218
2.4.27BottomMargin219
2.4.28BoundSheet8220
2.4.29BRAI221
2.4.30BuiltInFnGroupCount222
2.4.31CalcCount223
2.4.32CalcDelta223
2.4.33CalcIter223
2.4.34CalcMode223
2.4.35CalcPrecision224
2.4.36CalcRefMode224
2.4.37CalcSaveRecalc224
2.4.38CatLab225
2.4.39CatSerRange225
2.4.40CbUsr227
2.4.41CellWatch227
2.4.42CF228
2.4.43CF12229
2.4.44CFEx232
2.4.45Chart233
2.4.46Chart3d234
2.4.47Chart3DBarShape236
2.4.48ChartFormat236
2.4.49ChartFrtInfo237
2.4.50ClrtClient238
2.4.51CodeName239
2.4.52CodePage239
2.4.53ColInfo240
2.4.54Compat12241
2.4.55CompressPictures241
2.4.56CondFmt242
2.4.57CondFmt12242
2.4.58Continue243
2.4.59ContinueBigName243
2.4.60ContinueFrt244
2.4.61ContinueFrt11244
2.4.62ContinueFrt12245
2.4.63Country245
2.4.64CrErr247
2.4.65CRN247
2.4.66CrtLayout12248
2.4.67CrtLayout12A250
2.4.68CrtLine252
2.4.69CrtLink253
2.4.70CrtMlFrt253
2.4.71CrtMlFrtContinue254
2.4.72CUsr254
2.4.73Dat254
2.4.74DataFormat255
2.4.75DataLabExt255
2.4.76DataLabExtContents256
2.4.77Date1904257
2.4.78DBCell257
2.4.79DbOrParamQry258
2.4.80DbQuery258
2.4.81DBQueryExt260
2.4.82DCon262
2.4.83DConBin264
2.4.84DConn265
2.4.85DConName270
2.4.86DConRef271
2.4.87DefaultRowHeight272
2.4.88DefaultText272
2.4.89DefColWidth273
2.4.90Dimensions273
2.4.91DocRoute274
2.4.92DropBar276
2.4.93DropDownObjIds277
2.4.94DSF277
2.4.95Dv277
2.4.96DVal280
2.4.97DXF281
2.4.98DxGCol282
2.4.99End282
2.4.100EndBlock282
2.4.101EndObject284
2.4.102EntExU2285
2.4.103EOF285
2.4.104Excel9File285
2.4.105ExternName285
2.4.106ExternSheet287
2.4.107ExtSST288
2.4.108ExtString288
2.4.109Fbi289
2.4.110Fbi2290
2.4.111Feat291
2.4.112FeatHdr292
2.4.113FeatHdr11293
2.4.114Feature11293
2.4.115Feature12295
2.4.116FileLock295
2.4.117FilePass296
2.4.118FileSharing297
2.4.119FilterMode297
2.4.120FnGroupName297
2.4.121FnGrp12297
2.4.122Font298
2.4.123FontX300
2.4.124Footer301
2.4.125ForceFullCalculation301
2.4.126Format302
2.4.127Formula309
2.4.128Frame310
2.4.129FrtFontList311
2.4.130FrtWrapper311
2.4.131GelFrame312
2.4.132GridSet314
2.4.133GUIDTypeLib314
2.4.134Guts314
2.4.135HCenter315
2.4.136Header315
2.4.137HeaderFooter319
2.4.138HFPicture320
2.4.139HideObj322
2.4.140HLink322
2.4.141HLinkTooltip322
2.4.142HorizontalPageBreaks323
2.4.143IFmtRecord323
2.4.144Index323
2.4.145InterfaceEnd324
2.4.146InterfaceHdr324
2.4.147Intl324
2.4.148Label325
2.4.149LabelSst325
2.4.150Lbl325
2.4.151LeftMargin328
2.4.152Legend328
2.4.153LegendException329
2.4.154Lel330
2.4.155Line330
2.4.156LineFormat331
2.4.157List12332
2.4.158LPr333
2.4.159LRng334
2.4.160MarkerFormat334
2.4.161MDB336
2.4.162MDTInfo336
2.4.163MDXKPI338
2.4.164MDXProp339
2.4.165MDXSet339
2.4.166MDXStr340
2.4.167MDXTuple341
2.4.168MergeCells341
2.4.169Mms342
2.4.170MsoDrawing342
2.4.171MsoDrawingGroup342
2.4.172MsoDrawingSelection343
2.4.173MTRSettings343
2.4.174MulBlank344
2.4.175MulRk344
2.4.176NameCmt345
2.4.177NameFnGrp12346
2.4.178NamePublish347
2.4.179Note347
2.4.180Number348
2.4.181Obj348
2.4.182ObjectLink351
2.4.183ObjProtect351
2.4.184ObNoMacros352
2.4.185ObProj352
2.4.186OleDbConn352
2.4.187OleObjectSize353
2.4.188Palette353
2.4.189Pane353
2.4.190ParamQry354
2.4.191Password354
2.4.192PhoneticInfo355
2.4.193PicF355
2.4.194Pie356
2.4.195PieFormat357
2.4.196PivotChartBits357
2.4.197PlotArea358
2.4.198PlotGrowth358
2.4.199Pls358
2.4.200PLV359
2.4.201Pos359
2.4.202PrintGrid361
2.4.203PrintRowCol361
2.4.204PrintSize362
2.4.205Prot4Rev362
2.4.206Prot4RevPass363
2.4.207Protect363
2.4.208Qsi363
2.4.209Qsif366
2.4.210Qsir367
2.4.211QsiSXTag369
2.4.212Radar371
2.4.213RadarArea371
2.4.214RealTimeData372
2.4.215RecalcId373
2.4.216RecipName373
2.4.217RefreshAll374
2.4.218RichTextStream374
2.4.219RightMargin376
2.4.220RK376
2.4.221Row377
2.4.222RRAutoFmt378
2.4.223RRDChgCell379
2.4.224RRDConflict383
2.4.225RRDDefName384
2.4.226RRDHead386
2.4.227RRDInfo388
2.4.228RRDInsDel389
2.4.229RRDInsDelBegin390
2.4.230RRDInsDelEnd390
2.4.231RRDMove390
2.4.232RRDMoveBegin391
2.4.233RRDMoveEnd391
2.4.234RRDRenSheet391
2.4.235RRDRstEtxp392
2.4.236RRDTQSIF393
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2.5.198.104Rgce823
2.5.198.105RgceArea826
2.5.198.106RgceAreaRel827
2.5.198.107RgceElfLoc827
2.5.198.108RgceElfLocExtra828
2.5.198.109RgceLoc828
2.5.198.110RgceLoc8828
2.5.198.111RgceLocRel828
2.5.198.112SerAr829
2.5.198.113SerBool829
2.5.198.114SerErr830
2.5.198.115SerNil830
2.5.198.116SerNum830
2.5.198.117SerStr831
2.5.198.118SharedParsedFormula831
2.5.198.119XtiIndex832
2.5.199PBT832
2.5.200PhRuns833
2.5.201Phs833
2.5.202PictFmlaEmbedInfo834
2.5.203PictFmlaKey834
2.5.204PivotCompProp835
2.5.205PositionMode835
2.5.206ReadingOrder835
2.5.207Ref836
2.5.208Ref8836
2.5.209Ref8U837
2.5.210Ref8U2007837
2.5.211RefU838
2.5.212RevisionType838
2.5.213RFX839
2.5.214RichTextStreamChecksumData839
2.5.215RichTextStreamChecksumFontInformation841
2.5.216RichTextStreamChecksumFontInformationArrayItem843
2.5.217RkNumber843
2.5.218RkRec844
2.5.219RPHSSub844
2.5.220RRD845
2.5.221RRDDefNameFlags845
2.5.222RRLoc847
2.5.223RTDEItem847
2.5.224RTDOper847
2.5.225RTDOperStr848
2.5.226Run848
2.5.227Rw848
2.5.228Rw12849
2.5.229RwLongU849
2.5.230RwU849
2.5.231Rwx849
2.5.232Script850
2.5.233SD_SetSortOrder850
2.5.234SDContainer850
2.5.235SecurityDescriptor851
2.5.236ShapePropsStreamChecksumData851
2.5.237SharedFeatureType852
2.5.238SheetExtOptional853
2.5.239ShortDTR854
2.5.240ShortXLUnicodeString854
2.5.241SLCO8855
2.5.242SortCond12855
2.5.243SortItem856
2.5.244SourceType857
2.5.245SQElfFlags857
2.5.246SqRef857
2.5.247SqRefU858
2.5.248Stxp858
2.5.249StyleXF859
2.5.250SXAddl_SXDEnd861
2.5.251SXAddl_SXDVerUpdInv861
2.5.252SXAddl_SXString861
2.5.253SXAddlHdr862
2.5.254SXAxis862
2.5.255SXEZDoper862
2.5.256SxFT863
2.5.257SxIvdCol867
2.5.258SxIvdRw867
2.5.259SXLIItem867
2.5.260SXPI_Item870
2.5.261SXVDEx_Opt870
2.5.262SXView9Save871
2.5.263SXVIFlags871
2.5.264TabId872
2.5.265TabIndex872
2.5.266TableFeatureType872
2.5.267Tag_Fn_MDX876
2.5.268TextPropsStreamChecksumData877
2.5.269Top10FT879
2.5.270Ts879
2.5.271TxOLastRun879
2.5.272TxORuns880
2.5.273TxtWf880
2.5.274Underline881
2.5.275VertAlign881
2.5.276VertBrk881
2.5.277VirtualPath881
2.5.278WebPubString883
2.5.279XColorType884
2.5.280XFExtGradient884
2.5.281XFExtNoFRT885
2.5.282XFIndex885
2.5.283XFProp887
2.5.284XFPropBorder889
2.5.285XFPropColor889
2.5.286XFPropGradient890
2.5.287XFPropGradientStop891
2.5.288XFProps891
2.5.289XFPropTextRotation892
2.5.290XLNameUnicodeString892
2.5.291XlsFilter_Criteria893
2.5.292XlsFilter_Top10894
2.5.293XLUnicodeRichExtendedString895
2.5.294XLUnicodeString896
2.5.295XLUnicodeStringMin2897
2.5.296XLUnicodeStringNoCch897
2.5.297XLUnicodeStringSegmented897
2.5.298XLUnicodeStringSegmentedRTD898
2.5.299XLUnicodeStringSegmentedSXAddl898
2.5.300XmlTkBackWallThicknessFrt899
2.5.301XmlTkBaseTimeUnitFrt899
2.5.302XmlTkBlob900
2.5.303XmlTkBool900
2.5.304XmlTkChain901
2.5.305XmlTkColorMappingOverride903
2.5.306XmlTkDispBlanksAsFrt903
2.5.307XmlTkDouble904
2.5.308XmlTkDWord904
2.5.309XmlTkEnd905
2.5.310XmlTkEndSurface905
2.5.311XmlTkFloorThicknessFrt905
2.5.312XmlTkFormatCodeFrt906
2.5.313XmlTkHeader906
2.5.314XmlTkHeightPercent906
2.5.315XmlTkLogBaseFrt907
2.5.316XmlTkMajorUnitFrt907
2.5.317XmlTkMajorUnitTypeFrt907
2.5.318XmlTkMaxFrt908
2.5.319XmlTkMinFrt908
2.5.320XmlTkMinorUnitFrt909
2.5.321XmlTkMinorUnitTypeFrt909
2.5.322XmlTkNoMultiLvlLbl910
2.5.323XmlTkOverlay910
2.5.324XmlTkPerspectiveFrt911
2.5.325XmlTkPieComboFrom12Frt911
2.5.326XmlTkRAngAxOffFrt911
2.5.327XmlTkRotXFrt912
2.5.328XmlTkRotYFrt912
2.5.329XmlTkShowDLblsOverMax912
2.5.330XmlTkSpb913
2.5.331XmlTkStart913
2.5.332XmlTkStartSurface913
2.5.333XmlTkString914
2.5.334XmlTkStyle914
2.5.335XmlTkSymbolFrt914
2.5.336XmlTkThemeOverride915
2.5.337XmlTkTickLabelPositionFrt915
2.5.338XmlTkTickLabelSkipFrt916
2.5.339XmlTkTickMarkSkipFrt916
2.5.340XmlTkToken916
2.5.341XmlTkTpb917
2.5.342Xnum917
2.5.343XORObfuscation917
2.5.344XTI917
2.6XCB Structures919
2.6.1CTBWRAPPER919
2.6.2CTBS919
2.6.3CTB920
2.6.4TBC921
2.6.5TBCCmd922
2.7Algorithms923
2.7.1Application Data For VtHyperlink923
3Structure Examples924
3.1Conditional Formatting924
3.1.1Conditional Formatting: CondFmt924
3.1.2Conditional Formatting: CF926
3.2Defined Name933
3.2.1Defined Name: Lbl933
3.2.2Defined Name: ExternSheet935
3.2.3Defined Name: SupBook936
3.3Table936
3.3.1Table: Feathdr11936
3.3.2Table: Feature11937
3.4Filters946
3.4.1Filters: FilterMode946
3.4.2Filters: AutoFilterInfo947
3.4.3Filters: AutoFilter947
3.5External References948
3.5.1External References: Formula949
3.5.2External References: String951
3.5.3External References: SupBook 1952
3.5.4External References: XCT952
3.5.5External References: CRN953
3.5.6External References: SupBook 2954
3.5.7External References: ExternSheet954
3.6Column Chart Object955
3.6.1Column Chart Object: Chart956
3.6.2Column Chart Object: Frame956
3.6.3Column Chart Object: LineFormat957
3.6.4Column Chart Object: AreaFormat958
3.6.5Column Chart Object: Series959
3.6.6Column Chart Object: BRAI 1959
3.6.7Column Chart Object: SeriesText961
3.6.8Column Chart Object: BRAI 2961
3.6.9Column Chart Object: BRAI 3963
3.6.10Column Chart Object: DataFormat965
3.6.11Column Chart Object: SerToCrt965
3.6.12Column Chart Object: ShtProps965
3.6.13Column Chart Object: DefaultText966
3.6.14Column Chart Object: Text966
3.6.15Column Chart Object: FontX968
3.6.16Column Chart Object: AxesUsed968
3.6.17Column Chart Object: AxisParent969
3.6.18Column Chart Object: Axis969
3.6.19Column Chart Object: CatSerRange969
3.6.20Column Chart Object: Tick970
3.6.21Column Chart Object: ChartFormat971
3.6.22Column Chart Object: Bar972
3.7Pie Chart Sheet973
3.7.1Pie Chart Sheet: PrintSize973
3.7.2Pie Chart Sheet: Chart973
3.7.3Pie Chart Sheet: ShtProps974
3.7.4Pie Chart Sheet: AxesUsed974
3.7.5Pie Chart Sheet: AxisParent975
3.7.6Pie Chart Sheet: ChartFormat975
3.7.7Pie Chart Sheet: Pie975
3.7.8Pie Chart Sheet: Legend976
3.7.9Pie Chart Sheet: Pos977
3.7.10Pie Chart Sheet: Text978
3.7.11Pie Chart Sheet: BRAI980
3.7.12Pie Chart Sheet: Window2980
3.8Formatting981
3.8.1Formatting: Font 1982
3.8.2Formatting: Font 2983
3.8.3Formatting: Format984
3.8.4Formatting: XF 1985
3.8.5Formatting: XF 2987
3.8.6Formatting: XF 3989
3.8.7Formatting: XF 4991
3.8.8Formatting: Number 1993
3.8.9Formatting: Number 2994
3.8.10Formatting: Number 3995
3.9Workbook995
3.9.1Workbook: BOF 1996
3.9.2Workbook: RRTabId997
3.9.3Workbook: BuiltInFnGroupCount998
3.9.4Workbook: Window1998
3.9.5Workbook: HideObj1000
3.9.6Workbook: Date19041000
3.9.7Workbook: CalcPrecision1000
3.9.8Workbook: BookBool1000
3.9.9Workbook: Font1001
3.9.10Workbook: Format1002
3.9.11Workbook: XF1003
3.9.12Workbook: Style1005
3.9.13Workbook: BoundSheet8 11006
3.9.14Workbook: BoundSheet8 21006
3.9.15Workbook: BoundSheet8 31007
3.9.16Workbook: Country1007
3.9.17Workbook: RecalcId1008
3.9.18Workbook: SST1008
3.9.19Workbook: ExtSST1008
3.9.20Workbook: BookExt1009
3.9.21Workbook: EOF 11011
3.9.22Workbook: BOF 21011
3.9.23Workbook: Index1012
3.9.24Workbook: DefaultRowHeight1013
3.9.25Workbook: WsBool1013
3.9.26Workbook: Setup1014
3.9.27Workbook: DefColWidth1016
3.9.28Workbook: Dimensions1016
3.9.29Workbook: Row 11017
3.9.30Workbook: Row 21018
3.9.31Workbook: Row 31019
3.9.32Workbook: Row 41019
3.9.33Workbook: LabelSst 11020
3.9.34Workbook: RK1021
3.9.35Workbook: LabelSst 21022
3.9.36Workbook: Formula1023
3.9.37Workbook: DBCell1026
3.9.38Workbook: Window21026
3.9.39Workbook: Selection1028
3.9.40Workbook: PhoneticInfo1029
3.9.41Workbook: EOF 21030
3.10PivotTable1030
3.10.1PivotTable: SXStreamID1031
3.10.2PivotTable: SXVS1031
3.10.3PivotTable: DConRef1032
3.10.4PivotTable: SXAddl 11033
3.10.5PivotTable: SXAddl 21034
3.10.6PivotTable: SXAddl 31035
3.10.7PivotTable: SxView1035
3.10.8PivotTable: Sxvd 11039
3.10.9PivotTable: SXVI 11040
3.10.10PivotTable: SXVI 21041
3.10.11PivotTable: SXVI 31041
3.10.12PivotTable: SXVI 41042
3.10.13PivotTable: SXVDEx 11043
3.10.14PivotTable: Sxvd 21044
3.10.15PivotTable: SXVI 51046
3.10.16PivotTable: SXVI 61046
3.10.17PivotTable: SXVI 71047
3.10.18PivotTable: SXVDEx 21047
3.10.19PivotTable: Sxvd 31048
3.10.20PivotTable: Sxvd 41049
3.10.21PivotTable: SXVDEx 31051
3.10.22PivotTable: Sxvd 51052
3.10.23PivotTable: SXVDEx 41053
3.10.24PivotTable: SxIvd1055
3.10.25PivotTable: SXPI1055
3.10.26PivotTable: SXDI1056
3.10.27PivotTable: SXLI 11056
3.10.28PivotTable: SXLI 21062
3.10.29PivotTable: SXEx1063
3.10.30PivotTable: QsiSXTag1065
3.10.31PivotTable: SXViewEx91067
3.10.32PivotTable: SxAddl 41067
3.10.33PivotTable: SxAddl 51068
3.10.34PivotTable: SxAddl 61070
3.10.35PivotTable: SXDB1070
3.10.36PivotTable: SXDBEx1072
3.10.37PivotTable: SXFDB 11072
3.10.38PivotTable: SXString 11074
3.10.39PivotTable: SXString 21074
3.10.40PivotTable: SXString 31074
3.10.41PivotTable: SXFDB 21075
3.10.42PivotTable: SXDtr 11076
3.10.43PivotTable: SXDtr 21076
3.10.44PivotTable: SXFDB 31077
3.10.45PivotTable: SXFDB 41078
3.10.46PivotTable: SXNum 11079
3.10.47PivotTable: SXFDB 51080
3.10.48PivotTable: SXDBB 11081
3.10.49PivotTable: SXNum 21081
3.10.50PivotTable: SXDBB 21082
3.10.51PivotTable: SXNum 31082
3.10.52PivotTable: EOF1083
4Security Considerations1084
5Appendix A: Product Behavior1085
6Change Tracking1095
7Index1096
Introduction
The Excel Binary File Format (.xls) Structure specifies the
Excel Binary File Format (.xls). The Excel Binary File Format
(.xls) is a collection of records and structures that specify
workbook content, which can include unstructured or semi-structured
tables of numbers, text, or both numbers and text, formulas,
external data connections, charts, and images. Workbook content is
typically organized in a grid based layout, and often includes
numeric data, structured data, and formulas.
Sections 1.7 and 2 of this specification are normative. All
other sections and examples in this specification are
informative.
Glossary
This document uses the following terms:
3-D Phong shading: A shading algorithm that is used to apply
shading to 3-D charts. The algorithm interpolates color between
points on the surface of a chart to give a smooth 3-D
appearance.
A1: A reference style in which each column is identified
sequentially from left-to-right with a letter or series of letters
in alphabetical order. Column headings are ordered A-Z, then AA-AZ,
BA-BZ... ZA-ZZ, AAA-AAZ, and so forth. Each row is numbered
sequentially from the top down.
absolute reference: A reference to a fixed location on a sheet
(1). An absolute reference always refers to the same range, even if
the formula that contains it is moved or copied to a new
location.
accelerator key: Any combination of keys that are pressed
simultaneously to run a command.
active cell: The cell that is currently selected in a
worksheet.
active pane: The pane that currently has focus or contains the
current selection or object.
active sheet: The sheet that is currently selected.
ActiveX control: A reusable software control, such as a check
box or button, that uses ActiveX technology and provides options to
users or runs macros or scripts that automate a task. See also
ActiveX object.
ActiveX Data Objects (ADO): A data access interface that
connects to, retrieves, manipulates, and updates data in Object
Linking and Embedding (OLE) database-compliant data sources.
ActiveX object: An object that is supplied by a component that
supports automation.
add-in: Supplemental functionality that is provided by an
external application or macro to extend the capabilities of an
application.
add-in function: A worksheet function that is provided by an
add-in, instead of being built-in.
advanced filter: An extended filter option that enables users to
specify complex filter criteria and a destination range for the
filter results.
aggregation function: A function, such as sum or average, that
appears in the total row of a table and is used to summarize
data.
ALL: See OLAP All member.
alternate startup directory: A secondary location that stores
files to be opened by an application when the application
starts.
American National Standards Institute (ANSI) character set: A
character set defined by a code page approved by the American
National Standards Institute (ANSI). The term "ANSI" as used to
signify Windows code pages is a historical reference and a misnomer
that persists in the Windows community. The source of this misnomer
stems from the fact that the Windows code page 1252 was originally
based on an ANSI draft, which became International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) Standard 8859-1 [ISO/IEC-8859-1]. In Windows,
the ANSI character set can be any of the following code pages:
1252, 1250, 1251, 1253, 1254, 1255, 1256, 1257, 1258, 874, 932,
936, 949, or 950. For example, "ANSI application" is usually a
reference to a non-Unicode or code-page-based application.
Therefore, "ANSI character set" is often misused to refer to one of
the character sets defined by a Windows code page that can be used
as an active system code page; for example, character sets defined
by code page 1252 or character sets defined by code page 950.
Windows is now based on Unicode, so the use of ANSI character sets
is strongly discouraged unless they are used to interoperate with
legacy applications or legacy data.
ASCII: The American Standard Code for Information Interchange
(ASCII) is an 8-bit character-encoding scheme based on the English
alphabet. ASCII codes represent text in computers, communications
equipment, and other devices that work with text. ASCII refers to a
single 8-bit ASCII character or an array of 8-bit ASCII characters
with the high bit of each character set to zero.
attribute hierarchy: A single-level hierarchy that uses only an
attribute or a column from a source, back-end relational database
as its hierarchy. An attribute hierarchy typically has the same
name as the attribute and is always associated with the attribute
on which it is based. An all-level member can optionally be enabled
for an attribute hierarchy. See also OLAP hierarchy.
Augmented Backus-Naur Form (ABNF): A modified version of
Backus-Naur Form (BNF), commonly used by Internet specifications.
ABNF notation balances compactness and simplicity with reasonable
representational power. ABNF differs from standard BNF in its
definitions and uses of naming rules, repetition, alternatives,
order-independence, and value ranges. For more information, see
[RFC5234].
AutoComplete: A feature that suggests text automatically based
on the first few characters that a user types.
AutoFilter: A mechanism that can be used to filter tabular data
based on user-defined criteria such as values, strings, and
formatting.
AutoFormat: A built-in set of complementary formatting options
that can be applied to ranges of cells and other objects in a
document.
AutoRecover: A feature that recovers document and application
states in the event of a hardware or software failure.
AutoShow: A filter option that enables users to display a
specified number of the top- or bottom-most items within a
PivotTable field.
background color: A color against which characters, patterns,
and graphics are displayed. See also foreground color.
beta: A pre-released version of a product that is sent to
customers and partners for evaluation and feedback.
BIFF12: A binary file format that is used to save workbooks in
Microsoft Office Excel 2007 and Microsoft Excel 2010.
BIFF2: A binary file format that is used by default to save
worksheets in Microsoft Excel 2.1.
BIFF3: A binary file format that is used by default to save
worksheets in Microsoft Excel 3.0 for Windows.
BIFF4: A binary file format that is used by default to save
worksheets in Microsoft Excel 4.0 for Windows.
BIFF5: A binary file format that is used by default to save
workbooks in Microsoft Excel 5.0 for Windows and Microsoft Excel
for Windows 95.
BIFF8: A binary file format that is used to save workbooks in
Microsoft Office Excel 2003 and earlier versions of Microsoft
Excel.
big-endian: Multiple-byte values that are byte-ordered with the
most significant byte stored in the memory location with the lowest
address.
Binary Interchange File Format (BIFF): The binary file formats
that are used to save Excel workbooks.
block-level formatting: A type of formatting that can be applied
to a field or column in a table. It is applied to all existing
records and automatically to new records.
border: A line that can be applied to the outer edge of a cell,
shape, object, or chart element. A border can be variously
formatted for style, color, and thickness.
border formatting: A set of properties that, as a whole, specify
the appearance of a border, such as color, line style, and
thickness.
border style: See border formatting.
bounding rectangle: A frame that encompasses an object. A
bounding rectangle is not rotated and, therefore, always aligns
along the x and y axes.
Briefcase: A system folder in Windows that is used to share and
synchronize files between computers.
bubble size: A value that represents the diameter of a bubble in
a bubble chart.
build identifier: An integer that identifies a build.
build number: A part of a sequential numbering system that is
used to differentiate one version of a software product from
another.
built-in name: A member of the group of defined names that are
reserved for specific functionality.
ButtonPopup control: A type of Button control that displays a
menu of related commands when activated.
calculation mode: A setting that determines whether the formulas
in a worksheet are recalculated automatically or manually. See also
automatic calculation mode and manual calculation mode.
camera picture: An image of a range of cells that is generated
by using the camera tool. The image can be linked such that when
the data in the source range changes, the image is updated
automatically.
caption: One or more characters that can be used as a label for
display purposes or as an identifier.
cascading style sheet (CSS): An extension to HTML that enables
authors and users of HTML documents to attach style sheets to those
documents, as described in [CSS-LEVEL1] and [CSS-LEVEL2]. A style
sheet includes typographical information about the appearance of a
page, including the font for text on the page.
category: (1) A custom string that is used to group one or more
documents.
(2) A subdivision of items into useful groups such as
geographical regions. For example, categories that represent
geographical regions could be North, South, East, and West.
category label: A label that appears on the horizontal (x) axis
of a chart and identifies the categories of the source data.
cell: A box that is formed by the intersection of a row and a
column in a worksheet or a table. A cell can contain numbers,
strings, and formulas, and various formats can be applied to that
data.
cell reference: A set of coordinates that a cell occupies on a
worksheet. For example, "B3" is the reference of a cell that
appears at the intersection of column "B" and row "3".
cell value: The text or numeric content of a cell, or the
results of a formula. A cell value does not include a formula
expression, cell formatting, or other metadata.
center-across-selection alignment: A formatting setting that
centers cell content horizontally within a selected range of
cells.
centered alignment: A formatting setting that specifies how
content is positioned within the horizontal, vertical, or both
horizontal and vertical space within a cell, object, or page. When
centered, content is equidistant from the edges of the cell,
object, or page.
character set: A mapping between the characters of a written
language and the values that are used to represent those characters
to a computer.
chart area: A region in a chart object that is used to position
chart elements, render axes, and plot data.
chart sheet: A single logical container that is used to create
and store charts in a workbook.
checksum: A value that is the summation of a byte stream. By
comparing the checksums computed from a data item at two different
times, one can quickly assess whether the data items are
identical.
child: An object that is immediately below the current object in
a hierarchy.
class identifier (CLSID): A GUID that identifies a software
component; for instance, a DCOM object class or a COM class.
class module: A module that contains the definition for a new
object. Each instance of a class creates a new object, and
procedures that are defined in the module become properties and
methods of the object.
client area: In an application, the display area that is used to
create data, such as drawing or typing functions. The client area
does not include toolbars, menus, or status bars.
code page: An ordered set of characters of a specific script in
which a numerical index (code-point value) is associated with each
character. Code pages are a means of providing support for
character sets and keyboard layouts used in different countries.
Devices such as the display and keyboard can be configured to use a
specific code page and to switch from one code page (such as the
United States) to another (such as Portugal) at the user's
request.
collapsed outline state: A state in which the content that is
nested within an outline is not displayed.
color palette: A collection of colors that is available to
format text, shapes, cells, and chart elements.
color scale: A specific range of colors that is used to give
additional meaning to data by assigning certain values to colors in
the spectrum.
color scheme: A table of color values that enables colors to be
referenced by an index value in the table instead of a color value.
See also color palette.
column formula: A formula that is used in a calculated
column.
column outline: A nested grouping of columns in a worksheet.
comment: An annotation that is associated with a cell, text, or
other object to provide context-specific information or reviewer
feedback.
compact axis: A state in which PivotTable members from different
levels in a hierarchy are displayed in a single column.
Component Object Model (COM): An object-oriented programming
model that defines how objects interact within a single process or
between processes. In COM, clients have access to an object through
interfaces implemented on the object. For more information, see
[MS-DCOM].
conditional formatting: A mechanism that changes the appearance
of a user interface element based on the evaluation of a rule or
expression.
connection string: A series of arguments, delimited by a
semicolon, that defines the location of a database and how to
connect to it.
consolidation range: A range of source data that is used in a
data consolidation process.
cryptographic service provider: An independent software module
that performs authentication, encoding, and encryption services
that Windows-based applications access through the CryptoAPI.
cube: A set of data that is organized and summarized into a
multidimensional structure that is defined by a set of dimensions
(1) and measures.
cube function: A function that is used to extract and display
Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) data sets and values.
custom color palette: A set of user-defined colors that is
available for formatting.
custom filter: A filter that contains preconfigured expressions
in which users can optionally enter a string to filter data.
custom list: A user-defined list or enumeration that can be used
to sort data in a worksheet.
custom rollup: An aggregation calculation that is customized for
a dimension level, dimension member, or measure. A custom rollup
contains a custom formula or operator, overrides the aggregate
functions of a cube's measures, and is defined on a hierarchy.
custom view: A collection of display and print settings that
users can name and save. Users can switch between custom views to
change settings quickly.
Data Access Objects (DAO): A programming interface that can be
used to access and manipulate database objects.
data bar: A graphical representation of cell content as a bar
graph.
data consolidation: The process of combining tabular data from
various worksheets into a single list.
data marker: A customizable symbol or shape that identifies a
data point on a line, scatter, or radar chart. A data marker can be
formatted with various sizes and colors.
data provider: A known data source that is specific to a target
type and that provides data to a collector type.
data recovery: A process in which files are repaired through
error correction or restored from backup media.
data region: A region of a table that encompasses the range of
cells that contains the table records. A data region does not
include the header row, insert row, or total row of a table.
data source: A database, web service, disk, file, or other
collection of information from which data is queried or submitted.
Supported data sources vary based on application and data
provider.
data table: (1) A range of cells that is designated to perform
what-if analysis for formulas, based on various input values.
(2) A grid that can be added to some charts and contains the
numeric data that is plotted in the chart.
data validation: The process of testing the accuracy of data; a
set of rules that specify the type and range of data that users can
enter.
date system: A method of calculating calendar dates and
times.
DDE link: A connection between a Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE)
source document and a destination document.
DDE server: An application that responds to a Dynamic Data
Exchange (DDE) request from a DDE client application.
DDE topic: A general classification of information about a
Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE) server within which multiple, specific
data items related to the topic can be exchanged.
defined name: A word or string of characters in a formula that
represents a cell, range of cells, formula, or constant value.
descending order: A sort order in which text strings are
arranged in reverse alphabetical order, numerical values are
arranged from largest to smallest, and dates and times are arranged
from newest to oldest.
diagonal-down: A cell border formatting that displays a line
diagonally from the top left corner of a cell to the bottom right
corner.
diagonal-up: A cell border formatting that displays a line
diagonally from the bottom left corner of a cell to the top right
corner.
dialog sheet: A single logical container that is used to create
a custom dialog box.
dimension: (1) A structural attribute of a cube, which is an
organized hierarchy of categories (levels) that describe data in a
fact table. These categories typically describe a similar set of
members upon which the user bases an analysis.
(2) A categorization of data in rows or columns in an Excel
worksheet.
display folder: A folder into which attributes, measures,
calculated members, and key performance indicators can be organized
to facilitate browsing.
display units: An axis-formatting option that determines how
numeric units are displayed on a value axis.
distributed alignment: A formatting setting that spreads text
evenly, both vertically and horizontally, between the edges of a
cell, object, or page. Distributed alignment is used primarily with
East Asian languages. See also justify distributed.
document library: A type of list that is a container for
documents and folders.
double accounting: An underline style that places two lines
beneath the formatted text. Double accounting is frequently used to
indicate totals.
down bar: See up-down bar.
drawing: A collection of drawing objects, such as shapes,
curves, or WordArt, that are viewed together as a single image.
drawing group: A collection of images that are designated by the
user as a single group of images and manipulated as a single
drawing object.
drawing object: A shape, curve, line, WordArt, or other type of
graphical object that can be inserted into a document.
drillthrough: A query that is used to retrieve individual
records that were used to calculate an aggregate value.
drop lines: A set of supplemental lines on an area chart or a
line chart. Drop lines increase the legibility of a chart by
connecting each data point in a series to the category axis.
Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE): An inter-process communication
method that is featured in Windows. DDE allows two or more
applications that are running simultaneously to exchange data and
commands.
embedded object: An object that is created by using one
application and is hosted in a document that was created by using
another application. Embedding an object, rather than inserting or
pasting it, ensures that the object retains its original format.
Users can double-click an embedded object and edit it with the
toolbars and menus from the application that was used to create it.
See also Object Linking and Embedding (OLE).
Excel Linked Library (XLL): A Dynamic Link Library (DLL) that is
authored to function as an add-in for Microsoft Excel.
Excel macro (XLM): A programming language that provides
development capability in Microsoft Excel. XLM was superseded by
Microsoft Visual Basic for Applications (VBA).
expand/collapse button: A user interface control that is used to
determine which hierarchical level is displayed in an outline, or
in row and column groupings.
expression: A combination of operators, symbols, constants,
literal values, functions, names of fields or columns, controls,
and properties that evaluates to a single value.
external data: Data that is stored in a repository outside a
workbook.
external link: A reference to a cell, range, defined name, or
other object in another worksheet or workbook.
fill: A color, pattern, or other attribute that is used to
format the background of a cell, shape, or chart element. See also
fill color and fill pattern.
fill alignment: A setting that repeats a cell value to fill the
horizontal space of a cell. If the cell value exceeds the
horizontal width of the cell, the value is truncated.
fill color: A color that is used to fill the background of a
cell, shape, or chart element.
fill pattern: A repetitive design that users can add to the
background of a cell, shape, or chart element.
filter: A mechanism by which a set of data is scoped to display
only those entries that meet specified logical criteria.
filtering state: A setting that indicates whether a filter value
or filter date value is included as part of the criteria that is
used to define the filter for an AutoFilter.
fit to page: A printing option that scales a document to print
on a specified number of pages.
floating-point number: A number that is represented by a
mantissa and an exponent according to a given base. The mantissa is
typically a value between "0" and "1". To find the value of a
floating-point number, the base is raised to the power of the
exponent, and the mantissa is multiplied by the result.
floor: An extension of the horizontal axis, or the area created
by the inclusion of the z axis, in a 3-D chart to create a
three-dimensional effect. See also wall.
folder: A file system construct. File systems organize a
volume's data by providing a hierarchy of objects, which are
referred to as folders or directories, that contain files and can
also contain other folders.
followed hyperlink: A hyperlink that has been activated by a
user.
font: An object that defines the graphic design, or formatting,
of a collection of numbers, symbols, and letters. A font specifies
the style (such as bold and strikeout), size, family (a typeface
such as Times New Roman), and other qualities to describe how the
collection is drawn.
font face weight: A value that specifies the thickness of a
font.
font family: A set of fonts that all have common stroke width
and serif characteristics. For example, Times Roman and Times Roman
Italic are members of the same font family.
font scaling: A process of resizing a proportionally-spaced
font.
font scheme: A combination of complementary fonts in a
theme.
forecast: The process of projecting values forward or backward
in a series, based on trends in existing data.
foreground color: A color that is used to display text,
patterns, and other objects that appear in front of or on top of
the background color.
form: A structured document with controls and spaces that are
reserved for entering and displaying information. Forms can contain
special coding for actions such as submitting and querying
data.
format string: A string that contains the number formatting
information to apply to data, such as decimal position, percentage
indicator, or currency symbol.
formatting run: A set of formatting properties that are applied
to a text run.
formula bar: A user interface element that appears at the top of
a worksheet and is used to display and edit cell content.
formula error checking: A mechanism that identifies invalid
worksheet data, formulas, or formatting and then proposes
corrections.
friendly name: A name for a user or object that can be read and
understood easily by a human.
frozen: See frozen panes.
frozen panes: Portions of a worksheet that remain static and do
not scroll when the worksheet is displayed in split pane view. See
also split pane.
full screen view: A document view that expands the display of a
document to fill the computer screen. The view hides menus,
toolbars, and taskbars.
function: A code module that takes a value as input, performs an
operation, and returns the results to a worksheet.
function category: A group of worksheet functions that are part
of the same broad usage area, such as Finance or Statistical. A
function category can be built-in or user-defined.
general alignment: A default formatting setting for the
horizontal alignment of cell content in a worksheet. Text is
positioned to the left and numbers are positioned to the right.
globally unique identifier (GUID): A term used interchangeably
with universally unique identifier (UUID) in Microsoft protocol
technical documents (TDs). Interchanging the usage of these terms
does not imply or require a specific algorithm or mechanism to
generate the value. Specifically, the use of this term does not
imply or require that the algorithms described in [RFC4122] or
[C706] must be used for generating the GUID. See also universally
unique identifier (UUID).
gradient fill: A type of fill that applies gradient formatting
to the background of a cell or an object.
gradient stop: A marker on a gradient spectrum that denotes
where a specific color is introduced in gradient formatting.
grand total: An aggregation of all of the field subtotals in a
PivotTable report.
graph object: An object that represents a chart and the
datasheet that contains the data for that chart.
GraphicDropDown control: A type of DropDown control that can
display custom graphics in a list of options.
gridline: A line that is drawn on a worksheet or table for use
as a visual aid to distinguish between cells.
gutter: An area above a column heading and to the left of a row
heading. A gutter typically displays outline symbols that are used
to expand and collapse groups of cells.
hash: A fixed-size result that is obtained by applying a one-way
mathematical function, which is sometimes referred to as a hash
algorithm, to an arbitrary amount of data. If the input data
changes, the hash also changes. The hash can be used in many
operations, including authentication and digital signing.
header row: A row in a table, typically the first row, that
contains labels for columns in the table.
hidden: A condition of an object that prevents it from being
displayed in rendered output.
hidden cell: A cell that does not appear in a worksheet view
because it is contained within a hidden row or a hidden column.
hidden column: A column that does not appear in a worksheet view
because its width is set to 0 (zero). A column can be hidden if an
outline is collapsed.
hidden protection: A cell protection property that prevents
formulas, but not values, from appearing in a cell when a worksheet
is protected.
hidden row: A row that does not appear in a worksheet view
because its height is set to "0" (zero). A row can be hidden if the
data is filtered or an outline is collapsed.
hierarchy: A logical tree structure that organizes the members
of a dimension such that each member has one parent member and zero
or more child members.
high-low lines: Supplemental lines that are added to a line
chart and connect the maximum data points of one series with the
minimum data points of another series for each category (2).
High-low lines are typically used on stock charts.
horizontal alignment: A formatting setting that specifies how
content is positioned within the horizontal space of a cell,
object, or page. Content can be aligned along the left or right
edge, or distributed evenly across the horizontal space.
hyperlink: A relationship between two anchors, as described in
[RFC1866].
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML): An application of the Standard
Generalized Markup Language (SGML) that uses tags to mark elements
in a document, as described in [HTML].
icon: A graphical image used to supplement alphanumeric text in
the visual identification of an object on a computer monitor. Icons
are typically small, relative to the size of the area on which they
are displayed.
icon set: A collection of icons that can be used to comment and
classify data into categories.
indentation level: A measure of the distance between the
position of content that is in a cell and the logical left side of
the cell. An indentation level is equal to three spaces.
Information Rights Management (IRM): A technology that provides
persistent protection to digital data by using encryption,
certificates, and authentication. Authorized recipients or users
acquire a license to gain access to the protected files according
to the rights or business rules that are set by the content
owner.
ink: A process of entering text in handwritten form. Instead of
converting handwritten text to typed text, ink is converted to an
object and displayed exactly as it was written.
inner rectangle: In a cell that is formatted with a rectangular
gradient, a rectangle that is formed by the leftmost, rightmost,
topmost, and bottommost lines of pixels in which the initial color
of the gradient is completely dissipated. See also rectangular
gradient.
input cell: A cell in which each input value from a data table
is substituted.
input language: A pairing of input language and input method.
The pairing determines what language is currently being entered and
how. The input language is usually determined by the keyboard
language that is currently active in the operating system. Users
can install keyboard layouts and Input Method Editors (IMEs) for
several languages, and then switch between them at appropriate
times to indicate the input language.
Input Method Editor (IME): An application that is used to enter
characters in written Asian languages by using a standard 101-key
keyboard. An IME consists of both an engine that converts
keystrokes into phonetic and ideographic characters and a
dictionary of commonly used ideographic words.
insert row: A placeholder row at the bottom of a table. It is
used to enter new records.
international macro sheet: A macro sheet that displays English
function names and operates with U.S. English locale settings,
regardless of product locale, user locale, or system locale.
iterative calculation: A calculation mode in which calculations
are performed until a specific numeric condition is met or a
maximum number of iterations is reached.
justify distributed: A special, distributed-alignment setting
that evenly distributes the last line of text in a cell. The
setting is primarily used for East Asian languages. See also
distributed alignment.
key performance indicator (KPI): A predefined measure that is
used to track performance against a strategic goal, objective,
plan, initiative, or business process. A visual cue is frequently
used to communicate performance against the measure.
language code identifier (LCID): A 32-bit number that identifies
the user interface human language dialect or variation that is
supported by an application or a client computer.
leader line: A line that connects a data label to its
corresponding data point. The primary purpose of a leader line is
to increase legibility.
left-to-right: A reading order in which characters in words are
read from left to right, and words are read from left to right in
sentences.
legend entry: An item in a chart legend that identifies a single
series or category (2).
legend key: A symbol that is associated with a legend entry.
library directory: A directory in which Microsoft Excel add-ins
are installed.
license key: An array of bytes that enables access to a control
according to the usage policies for that control.
line style: A style, including width and dash type, that is
applied to and alters the appearance of a line or border.
linear gradient: A type of gradient fill in which the color of a
cell or other object gradually changes horizontally, vertically, or
diagonally from one edge of the object to the other.
linked object: An object that is inserted into a document and
continues to exist in a separate source file. If the object in the
source file changes, the object in the document is updated
automatically to reflect those changes.
list view: A named collection of settings for querying and
displaying items in a SharePoint list. There are two types of
views: Personal, which can be used only by the user who created the
view; and Public, which can be used by all users who have
permission to access to the site.
little-endian: Multiple-byte values that are byte-ordered with
the least significant byte stored in the memory location with the
lowest address.
local name: A defined name whose scope is limited to a specific
sheet instead of the entire workbook.
locale: A collection of rules and data that are specific to a
language and a geographical area. A locale can include information
about sorting rules, date and time formatting, numeric and monetary
conventions, and character classification.
localization: The process of adapting an application or
documentation, including text and non-text elements, to meet the
language, cultural, and political expectations and requirements of
a specific geographic country or region.
locked: The condition of a cell, worksheet, or other object that
restricts edits or modifications to it by users.
locked protection: A cell-protection property that restricts the
editing of cell content when a worksheet is protected.
logical left: A position that is relative to the language
orientation of a document. Logical left means left, except in a
right-to-left language where it means right. Also referred to as
leading edge.
logical right: A position that is relative to the language
orientation of a document. Logical right means right, except in a
right-to-left language where it means left. Also referred to as
trailing edge.
logical top-left: A position that is relative to the language
orientation of a document. Logical top-left is the upper-left
corner of a range or object when in left-to-right mode. It is the
upper-right corner when in right-to-left mode.
logical top-right: A position that is relative to the language
orientation of a document. Logical top-right is the upper-right
corner of a range or object when in left-to-right mode. It is the
upper-left corner when in right-to-left mode.
long file name: A folder or file name that is longer than the
8.3 file name standard, which permits as many as eight characters
followed by a period and a file name extension of three
characters.
macro: A set of instructions that are recorded or written, and
then typically saved to a file. When a macro is run, all of the
instructions are performed automatically.
macro sheet: A single, logical container that is used to store
and run Excel 4.0 macro formulas.
major gridline: A horizontal or vertical line that is in the
plot area of a chart and corresponds to the major scaling unit on
an axis.
major scheme: A font scheme that is used for primary text
elements, such as headings and titles, in a theme.
major tick mark: A tick mark that corresponds to a major scaling
unit on an axis.
Mandarin phonetic symbols: A phonetic system for transcribing
Chinese through the use of an alphabet that includes characters for
all possible sounds in the spoken Mandarin language.
manifest: A file that stores metadata about an expansion pack,
such as the name of the expansion pack, the files and resources
that are included in the expansion pack, and the dependencies that
it has on other files and components.
MD5: A one-way, 128-bit hashing scheme that was developed by RSA
Data Security, Inc., as described in [RFC1321].
MDX unique name: A unique identifier for a multidimensional
expression (MDX) member or value in a given Online Analytical
Processing (OLAP) cube, for example "[Customer].[Customer
Geography].[Country].&[Australia]".
measure: In a cube, a set of values that are typically numeric
and are based on a column in the fact table of the cube. Measures
are the central values that are aggregated and analyzed.
measure group: A collection of related measures in a cube that
derive from a single fact table, typically in a data source
view.
member: (1) An identity that belongs to a shared space.
(2) See OLAP member.
member property: An attribute on a data item within a specific
dimension in an Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) database.
merge conflict: A problem that occurs if two users are editing
the same cell or other type of object in a workbook while changes
are being merged in a shared workbook.
merged cell: A single cell that is created by combining two or
more adjacent cells.
messaging system service provider: A business that supplies
email and other messaging services to individuals, businesses, and
other organizations.
metafile: A file that stores an image as graphical objects, such
as lines, circles, and polygons, instead of pixels. A metafile
preserves an image more accurately than pixels when an image is
resized.
Microsoft Office Web Components: A set of controls that can be
used to create data analysis and reporting solutions.
minimal save: A process that saves only critical workbook data
to disk when errors are detected during a file save operation.
minor gridline: A horizontal or vertical line that is in the
plot area of a chart and corresponds to the minor scaling unit on
an axis.
minor scheme: A font scheme that is used for secondary text
elements, such as body text, in a theme.
minor tick mark: A tick mark that corresponds to a minor scaling
unit on an axis.
module: A collection of routines and data structures that
performs a specific task or implements a specific abstract data
type. Modules usually consist of two parts, a module header and a
module body. A module header is a set of name/value attribute pairs
that specify the linguistic characteristics of the module. A module
body is the VBA source code, a set of declarations followed by
procedures. VBA supports two types of modules, procedural modules
and class modules.
moving average: A type of trendline that is calculated based on
the most recent period of data points in a series.
Multidimensional Expressions (MDX): A syntax that is used for
defining multidimensional objects, and for querying and
manipulating multidimensional data.
named range: See defined name.
narrow katakana: A non-cursive character set that is used to
write non-Japanese words phonetically in Japanese. Narrow katakana
characters are represented with a single byte. Also referred to as
half-width katakana.
natural language formula: A syntax for referring to tabular data
in formulas by using column and row labels instead of cell
references.
natural language label: A value of a cell or cells that
identifies a range in a natural language formula. A label is
typically