Introduction Educators are using disruptive innovation to invert the classroom. The concept is gaining acceptance in colleges and universities.

THE FLIPPED CLASSROOM

Introduction

Educators are using disruptive innovation to invert the classroom.

The concept is gaining acceptance in colleges and universities.

So, what is and how do we flip the classroom?

Disruptive Innovation

Mash-up of current technologies Radically alters the established system Improves the quality of the deliverables

DI in Education

HistoryWriting - 6th to 4th millennium BCPrinting Press - 1450 A.D.Electronic Calculator - 1970-1980PC – 1977 (PET, Apple, TRS)Tablets - 1990-2010 (iPad)

Each changed education by itself Now, numerous technologies are used

together to create new teaching models.

Flipped Classroom

Constructivist theoristsPiaget (1896-1980)Vygotsky (1896-1934)Bruner (1915-)Kolb (1939-)

ConstructivismLearners construct new ideas based on their

current and past knowledgeAllows the learners to go beyond the

information provided

Constructivism Process Elements Context

Actual life settings (learned experience) Construction of knowledge

Within a certain context Collaboration

With others to gain information Conversation

With others to construct new knowledge

The Un-flipped Classroom 19th and 20th Centuries model:

Industrial basedImitates Ford’s assembly lineAimed at the average studentLecture me into a stuporLittle interactivityOne right answer (Taylorism)Intention: develop workers for the country’s

industrial complexes

The Flipped Classroom

21st Century model:Knowledge based Critical thinking and applicationAimed at motivated studentsDo not lecture at meGreat interactivityMany perspectives and solutionsIntention: develop employees for the

knowledge economy

Flipping the Classroom Revise the pedagogy

Abandon teacher-centered modelAdopt student-centered modelMove the lecture outside the classroomMove the activities to the classroomIn the classroom, apply the theories presented in

the outside-the-classroom lecturesEngage students in their own learningLet students guide each other in their learning

(peer instruction)Flexible classroom

How to Flip the Classroom 1. Content

Know the content backward and forward before making a video or podcast.

Use story boards.Create a beginning, a middle and an end

○ Beginning – titles and introduction and over view

○ Middle – the concepts and ideas○ End – summary

2. Know your audienceUnderstand their needs, experiences and

discourses 3. Don’t be academic

Get student engagedMake connections between the student and

academicsWork concepts you wish to convey

4. MultimodalitySoundPicturesOther videos

Secret is creating a mashup Do not reinvent the wheel Remember the knowledge section of

learning takes place at home

How It Works

Instructor creates outside-the-classroom activities using asynchronous clusters.

The time the student interacts with these clusters does not matter

The interaction is what matters! The instructor develops activities for

synchronous (real time) clusters What takes place in these clusters paints

the picture of the flipped classroom

Asynchronous Clusters

Student explores concepts and discovers meaning by seeking answers to “What” and “So What” questions

These activities are technology driven.Internet, YouTube, Khan AcademyInstructor creates audio and video lectures Engage in chats, blogs, podcasts and

vodcasts, discussions with other students.

Consequences

Ensure student participation in the out-of-classroom materials and activities.

Measureable means to determine extent of participation.○ Specific discussion questions about materials○ Quizzes on specific materials and activities○ Incorporate questions about materials and

activities into semester tests and final exam.The bottom line: Students must know a

consequence exists for not participating.

In the Classroom

Instructor needs to create in-class activities

Instructors should use the resources that are provided within the textbook to construct these activities.

These activities should apply concepts students were to learn in the work they did at home through the videos, podcasts, etc.

Example Activities

These activities can include:DebatesRole-playLab activitiesCase studiesDiscussionsScenariosSimulationsand more…

Gear to Make Videos

Screen-casting software Computer Pen-tablet input device Microphone Webcam. Pen-table device and software may be

all that is needed because most new computers have built in microphones and cameras.

Simple Tools

Pen and tablet (Bamboo - $60 on up) Graphics software (Gimp – Free) Microphone ($10 on up) Video camera (most computers have

cameras) Computer (iMac or PC)

Screen casting software

Captures your computer screen. With microphone, software can record

voice. Many available programs, some are free

and open source. Find a program that works for you.

Video capture software (Screen-o-Matic is free; Camtasia Studeo is not)

Pen annotation

Key Piece of Equipment – software that has pen annotation feature

One is Wacom Bamboo.

Advanced Tools

Cameras Microphones Lighting Green Screens Tripods Editing Software Involves many $$$$

The Upside

Students become engaged in their own learning.

Since concepts are learned at home, the classroom becomes an active laboratory for application of these concepts.

The instructor is readily available to help lagging students, challenge exceptional students and nurture the average student.

The Downside

Creation of the videos and podcasts and other resources is time intensive.

Instructors need to learn a variety of skills outside of their teaching area.

Creation of classroom activities is a vital part of flipping the classroom.

This is where concepts are applied to real-world situations.

Finding or creating appropriate videos on-line

Some Tips

Start smallDon’t flip all of your coursesDon’t flip everything in a course

Do simple thingsDo talk overs on PowerPoint slidesUse a pen and tablet to animate the lectureUse screen capture along with a computer

camera

More Tips

As you become more comfortable with the concept, move to using mounted cameras, lighting, green screens and other video technologies.

Don’t re-invent the wheelDon't hesitate to use already created videos

on sites such as YouTube, Khan Academy, Alanis Business Academy, Finance Learning Academy, etc.

Questions??