Introduction€¦ · Down Exercise 2: Complete the crossword puzzle. 1) The Nile reaches to 7South Africa. 2) The Nile flows into the Mediterranean Sea. 3) Alexandria is the capital

Egypt is situated in the northeastern corner of the

African continent. It borders Israel, Jordan, and Saudi

Arabia to the east, Sudan to the south, Libya to the

west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the north.

Geography Egypt is often divided into two geographical regions:

Upper Egypt in the south and Lower Egypt in the north.

These regions were given these names because the

Nile flows from the (higher) south end to the (lower)

north end. Upper Egypt largely consists of hills and

desert. Lower Egypt has wide valleys along the Nile and

deserts on the east and west.

The Nile is very important for Egypt. The country

would be a desert without it. The source of the river

is far to the south in Sudan, Uganda and Ethiopia.

Nature and Wildlife The desert regions of Egypt are home to a few plant

species. Most of the country’s flora can be found in

the fertile Nile Valley.

Despite its arid landscape, there is a wide variety of

animal species. Some of these include gazelles,

crocodiles, and goats.

People and Culture Most Egyptians descend from the Hamites of ancient

Egypt and the Arabs who migrated to Egypt in the 7th

century. Islam is the most dominant religion in Egypt. Around 90% of the Egyptians are Muslims. The remaining

10% of the population are Copts, which is an old branch of Christianity.

Government and Economy Egypt is a very important country in the region because of its history, population, geography and military. Officially,

Egypt is a democratic country, but many people claim that the democratic system is not functioning well. Until

2005, there had only been one single presidential candidate to vote for.

Egypt has natural resources such as oil and gas, but its main source of income is tourism. Many tourists from all

over the world visit Egypt to see the ancient monuments such as the pyramids and the sphinx.

Fast Facts

Flag:

Population: 85 million

Capital: Cairo

Currency: Egyptian Pound

Language: Arabic

Government: Democratic Republic

Introduction

Source: WorldAtlas.com

Exercise 2: Complete the crossword puzzle.

1) The Nile reaches to South Africa.

2) The Nile flows into the Mediterranean

Sea.

3) Alexandria is the capital of Egypt.

4) Egypt is home to animal species such as

crocodiles, lions, and elephants.

5) Egyptian people speak Arabic.

6) The area along the Nile is Egypt’s most

fertile region.

7) The Arabs are Egypt’s indigenous people.

8) The majority of Egypt’s population is

Muslim.

9) Egypt has a democratic government that

holds fair elections.

10) The oil industry is the most important

sector of its economy.

( )

( )

( )

( )

( )

( )

( )

( )

( )

( )

Down 1) A group of people who descend from the ancient Egyptians.

4) Egypt's most important sector of the economy.

5) Without the … , most of Egypt would be desert.

Across 2) The capital of Egypt.

3) Egypt borders ... to the west.

6) The … are a group of

Christians in Egypt.

7) The currency of Egypt.

Exercise 1: Are the following statements true or false?

Hieroglyphic Covered Obelisk Towers

of Karnak Ruins, Luxor, Egypt

The period between 3100 BC and 332 BC is known as

ancient Egypt. It was an advanced civilization that

concentrated along the banks of the Nile River. The

ancient Egyptians used the fertile flood plains of the

Nile to grow crops. It was a prosperous time in which

the Egyptians created a system of writing called

hieroglyphics, built massive temples and tombs, and had

a very strong army. The ancient Egyptians were led by

kings, called pharaohs.

In 332 BC, Alexander the Great, the king of Macedonia,

invaded Egypt. The Macedonians ruled Egypt until they

were defeated by the Romans in 30 BC. The

Romans made an end to ancient Egyptian culture

and ruled Egypt until Arabs from the Middle East

invaded in 642 AD. At that time, the Egyptians were

predominantly Christian, but the Arabs converted

the population to Islam and turned Egypt into an

Arabic state.

In 1517, the Turkish Ottoman Empire took control

of Egypt. Their rule was briefly overthrown by

Napoleon of France in 1798, but the Ottomans soon

regained control.

In 1882, Britain took control of Egypt, as

they wanted to control the Suez Canal, a

man-made waterway that connects the Red

Sea with the Mediterranean Sea. The Suez

Canal allowed them to shorten their sailing

trips to Asia. The British never officially

colonized Egypt but controlled most of the

country. In 1922, Britain granted Egypt its

independence.

History

Egyptian priest

Alexander the Great founding Alexandria, Egypt

British battleship passing through the Suez

Canal.

Exercise 4: Order the historic events from first to last.

a) Arabs from the Middle East invaded and

introduced Islam.

b) Alexander the Great invaded Egypt.

c) Britain took control of parts of Egypt in

order to get control of the Suez Canal.

d) The Romans ruled Egypt.

e) The ancient Egyptians developed

an advanced civilization.

f) Egypt became an independent

country.

g) The Ottoman Empire took

control of Egypt.

1) The time between ________________________ and ________________________ is known as ancient Egypt.

2) The ancient Egyptian civilization was centered along the ________________________ .

3) ________________________ was the writing script of the ancient Egyptians.

4) Alexander the Great was the king of ________________________ .

5) Before the arrival of the Arabs, most Egyptians were ________________________ , but the Arabs converted them

to ________________________ .

6) The Ottoman Empire was founded in the country of ________________________ .

7) The Suez Canal is a waterway that connects ________________________ and ________________________ .

8) In the year ________________________ , ________________________ granted Egypt its independence.

Exercise 3: Fill In the gaps.

Sultan Selim I of the Ottoman

Empire conquered Egypt in 1517

Ancient Egypt was a powerful civilization which lasted between 3150 BC

and 30 BC. This civilization was located along the Nile River in the

northeast of Africa. The civilization was formed when two kingdoms were

united (Upper and Lower Egypt). The Nile was very important for the

ancient Egyptians. The people built irrigation systems along the river and

were able to grow lots of crops in the area. The river gave the people

food, soil, and water.

The Ancient Egyptians had a rich culture in terms of government,

religion, and arts. The leader of the government was a pharaoh.

He ruled over the empire as a political and religious leader. Many

Ancient Egyptians believed that pharaohs were half-human and

half-god. After they died, they were often buried with all kinds of

treasures in massive pyramids. The people believed that this was

needed to succeed in the afterlife. The most famous Pharaohs

are Tutankhamun, Ramses II, and Cleopatra.

The quality of life of the Ancient Egyptians depended on the social

class they belonged to. The Pharaohs made up the highest class.

The class below the Pharaoh consisted of the Pharaoh’s family,

high priests, government officials, and rich landowners. Farmers

and unskilled workers made up the lowest class.

The Ancient Egyptian empire began to

decline around 700 BC when they were

attacked by several other empires from

the Middle East such as the Assyrian and

the Persian Empires. The Ancient Romans

finally defeated the Egyptians in 30 BC and

made the Egyptian Empire a part of the

Roman Empire.

Ancient Egypt

Pyramid of Giza

Hieroglyphics

Fun Facts Egyptian men and women often wore make-up. They believed

that it had healing powers and protected their skin from the

Sun.

The ancient Egyptians were one of the first civilizations to

invent writing. Their writing system is known as Hieroglyphics.

The ancient Egyptians invented many things, such as medicine,

the calendar, musical instruments, and toothpaste.

Cats were considered to be sacred in Ancient Egypt.

The bandages of an Ancient Egyptian mummy could stretch

up to one mile when unwrapped!

The Ancient Egyptians believed in more than 2,000 different

gods! They had gods for various aspects in their lives.

1) ____________________________ 3) ____________________________ 5) ____________________________

2) ____________________________ 4) ____________________________ 6) ____________________________

1) When did the Ancient Egyptian civilization start?

a. When two ancient kingdoms in Egypt unified.

b. When the Nile was formed.

c. Around the year 30 BC.

d. All of the above.

2) What is a pharaoh?

a. An ancient Egyptian king. b. An ancient Egyptian god.

c. A mummy. d. A writing system.

3) Why did the Ancient Egyptians build pyramids?

a. To worship their gods.

b. As a residence for the pharaoh.

c. As a tomb for the pharaohs.

d. As a place to hide during invasions.

4) Why did many Egyptians wear make-up?

a. To scare away the ghosts. b. To please the pharaohs.

c. To look more beautiful. d. None of the above.

Exercise 5: Choose the best answers for the questions below.

5) Who was not a Pharaoh?

a. Tutankhamun b. Ramses II

c. Julius Caesar d. Cleopatra

6) Which of the following empires was not an

enemy of Ancient Egypt?

a. the Persian Empire b. the Assyrians

c. the Roman Empire d. the Mayans

7) Ancient Egyptian civilization had a system of

different social classes.

a. true b. false

8) Why was the Nile very important to the

ancient Egyptians?

a. because it enabled them to grow crops.

b. because it separated their territory from

invaders.

c. because they believed the Nile was sacred.

d. none of the above.

Exercise 6: The words below are chopped in half. Find the pieces that fit together and write them down below.

Pyramid of Henutsen

In ancient Egyptian mythology, there were over 2,000 different

gods. Just like the ancient Greek and Roman religions, Egyptian

religion had many gods and goddesses. Some images of these gods

show that they had human bodies with the head of an animal.

Different animals were chosen to represent different powers of

these gods.

Temples Temples were built by the ancient Egyptians to honor their gods.

Each god had its own or more temples. People prayed to their gods

in order to get the things they needed. Most Egyptians were not

afraid of their gods and would sometimes hit the temple in case

they didn’t get what they needed.

The Afterlife The Egyptians believed that there was life after death. In order

access this afterlife, people needed to have two parts: a ‘ka’, which

is the force of life, and a ‘ba’, which is the soul. If both of these

parts could be united, people would be able to live in the afterlife.

In order to make this happen, dead bodies needed to be preserved

and that was usually done through a process called mummification.

Gods and Goddesses Some gods were more important than others. Different cities and

Pharaohs in Egypt favored different gods - some of these were

worshiped throughout the country, while others were only

worshiped locally.

Ancient Egyptian Religion

4) How could Egyptian people reach the afterlife? _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________

5) Who is the most important god or goddess? _______________________________________________

6) Were pharaohs gods? Explain. _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________

Exercise 7: Answer the questions below.

Ra The most important god

was Ra, the deity of the sun.

The Egyptians believed that

Ra created all forms of life

and he was the supreme

ruler among all the gods.

Osiris Osiris was the ruler of

the underworld and the

god of the dead. He was

married to Isis and was

the father of Horus.

Isis Isis was the wife of Osiris

and the mother of Horus.

She used powerful magic

spells to help the people in

need.

Horus Horus was the god of the

sky. The Pharaoh, a ruler

of the Egyptians, was

considered to be the

living version or the

intermediary of this god.

1) Why do you think there were many different gods

and goddesses in the ancient Egyptian religion? _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________

2) Why did the Egyptian gods have animal heads? _______________________________________________

3) Why did some Egyptian people hit the temples? _______________________________________________

The pharaohs were the kings of Ancient Egypt. They

ruled the country as political and religious leaders.

Menes was the first pharaoh of Egypt, he united the

north and the south regions and turned them into one

single country. Many people in ancient Egypt thought

of the pharaohs as half-human, half-god. They

thought that the pharaoh embodied the god Horus,

the god of the sky. When a pharaoh died, it was

believed that they would be reunited with the sun and

another Horus would come to rule the kingdom.

The word ‘pharaoh’ means ‘great house’, which

refers to a palace or kingdom. The wife of the

Pharaoh, or the Queen of Egypt, was also considered

to be a powerful ruler. Normally, only men could be

pharaohs, but sometimes a woman also became one.

The son of the pharaoh would take the reins when his

father died. The son had to go through an intensive

training in order to be a good leader. During their

reigns, pharaohs had to make sure that their people

were safe and well fed. But they also had to discipline

them when needed.

The history of Ancient Egypt is divided according to

the different dynasties of the pharaohs who ruled the

country. A dynasty is a family that maintained the

power, handing over the throne to an heir. Historians

believe that there were 31 dynasties over 3,000 years

of Ancient Egyptian history.

Throughout the history of ancient Egypt there were many pharaohs. The most famous ones are briefly introduced

on the right.

Pharaohs Famous Pharaohs

Khufu (reigned 2589 - 2566 BC)

Khufu was a powerful pharaoh who was part of the

fourth dynasty. He is mostly famous for building

the Great Pyramid of Giza.

Hatshepsut (reigned 1498-1483 BC)

Hatshepsut was a female pharaoh

during the 18th dynasty of ancient

Egypt. Experts believe that she

was one of the most successful

pharaohs and reigned longer than

any other female pharaoh. She

became the ruler of Egypt when

her husband, Thutmose II, died.

Tutankhamun (reigned 1334-1325 BC)

Tutankhamun was the youngest

pharaoh to ever rule Egypt. He

became pharaoh when he was only 9

years old and died when he was 18.

Tutankhamun is mostly famous for

his tomb, in the Valley of the Kings.

Ramses II (reigned 1279-1212 BC)

Experts believe that Ramses II

was the most powerful pharaoh.

He built many temples and died at

92. His successors often referred

to him as the “Great Ancestor”.

Cleopatra (reigned 51-30 BC)

Cleopatra was the last empress of

Egypt and was very intelligent.

Under her reign, Egypt became one

of the world’s most powerful and

wealthy civilizations.

1) A pharaoh was …

a. A god b. A priest

c. A warlord d. A king

2) Which statement is correct?

a. Pharaohs inherited their title.

b. Pharaohs were highly trained to become good leaders.

c. Some pharaohs were female.

d. All of the above are correct.

3) Who was Horus?

a. The god of the Nile River.

b. A pharaoh.

c. A half-god and half-human figure.

d. None of the above.

4) How many families ruled ancient Egypt?

a. 6 b. 1

c. 2 d. 31

5) Who was the most powerful pharaoh?

a. Khufu b. Hatshepsut

c. Ramses II d. Cleopatra

6) Which pharaoh built the Pyramid of Giza?

a. Khufu b. Tutankhamun

c. Ramses II d. Cleopatra

7) Who was the longest reigning female pharaoh?

a. Hatshepsut b. Khufu

c. Ramses II d. Cleopatra

8) Which pharaoh is known for building many

temples?

a. Khufu b. Hatshepsut

c. Ramses II d. Cleopatra

1) esenm ____________________________ The first pharaoh of Egypt.

2) shour ____________________________

The god of the sky.

3) ughatsoere ____________________________

The word pharaoh means … .

4) hatphutess ____________________________

A female pharaoh.

5) uknmanttuha ____________________________

The youngest of all pharaohs.

6) aentctsoearrg ____________________________

Ramses II is also known as the … .

Exercise 9: Unscramble the words below. Hints are given.

Exercise 8: Choose the best answers for the questions below.

Bust of Nefertiti

Why were the pyramids built? The pyramids in Egypt were built around 4,500 years ago and served as monuments and burial places for the

pharaohs. The ancient Egyptians believed that their kings needed these burial tombs to succeed in the afterlife.

The pharaohs were buried deep inside the pyramid together with all kinds of treasures that the pharaoh might

need in his afterlife.

Types of pyramids Not all pyramids look the same. The oldest pyramids have large

ledges that look like giant steps. Experts believe that these

steps were built as some kind of a stairway for the pharaohs to

climb to the god of the sun. Most other pyramids do not have

these massive steps and instead have flat sides. It is believed

that these flat sides are a symbol of the beginning of time.

How were the pyramids built? Until today, it remains a mystery as to how these pyramids were

actually built. Some archaeologists believe that more than a thousand

slaves were used to cut up the blocks and move them up the pyramid

by using ramps. It is believed that it took around 25 years and more

than 20,000 workers to build the Great Pyramid of Giza. In many

cases, the pharaohs would already start building the pyramid while

they were in power, as it took such a long time to complete.

How big are the pyramids? There are 138 pyramids in Egypt, the largest of which is the Pyramid

of Khufu, which is also referred to as the Great Pyramid of Giza. When

the ancient Egyptians finished building the tomb, it was over 480 feet

tall. Experts estimate that the Great Pyramid of Giza consists of more

than 2.3 million blocks of rock and weighs 5.9 million tons!

Pyramids

Fun Facts The Great Pyramid of Giza points

very precisely to the north.

The pyramids of Egypt were all

built to the west of the Nile River.

This is because the western side

was associated with the land of

the dead.

The base of a pyramid is always

a perfect square.

The Pyramid of Menkaure, the

Pyramid of Khafre, and the Great

Pyramid of Giza are precisely

aligned with the Constellation of

Orion.

For more than 3,800 years, the

Great Pyramid of Giza was the

tallest man-made structure in

the world.

Pyramid of Djoser

1) Why did the ancient Egyptians build pyramids?

a. As monuments to the glory of Egypt.

b. As temples for their gods.

c. As meeting places for the leaders of the country.

d. As burial sites for the Pharaohs.

2) When were the pyramids built?

a. 5,000 BC b. 2,500 BC c. 2,000 BC d. 1,000 AD

3) Why do some pyramids have large ledges?

a. For the deceased pharaohs to climb to the gods.

b. To make it easier to climb the pyramid.

c. Each step or level represented a cycle of life.

d. The ledges are caused by erosion.

4) What is the largest pyramid built by the Egyptians?

a. The Pyramid of Djoser.

b. The Pyramid of Khafre.

c. The Great Pyramid of Giza.

d. The Red Pyramid of Snofru.

5) What do the pyramids all have in common?

a. They are all located just outside of Cairo.

b. They are all situated on the west side of the Nile.

c. They were all built next to the Mediterranean Sea.

d. They were all built on the coast of the red Sea.

What is inside the Pyramids? There are several rooms and hallways inside the pyramids. The burial rooms are

located deep inside the pyramid and were usually decorated with paintings and

carvings. Near the pharaoh’s room, there are other rooms that served as the burial

rooms for his family and servants.

Most pyramids have fake burial rooms. They were built to trick robbers who were

after all of the treasures hidden inside the pyramids. Despite all of these efforts,

most of the pyramids were eventually robbed, and all treasures were stolen around

1,000 BC.

Exercise 10: Answer the following questions about the pyramids.

Exercise 11: Write the names of the things related to pyramids below and find the hidden word.

1) These things were buried together

with the Pharaohs.

2) Egypt’s largest pyramid.

3) The stone tombs of Pharaohs.

4) An ancient Egyptian king.

5) Pyramids were built for Pharaohs

to succeed in the … .

Inside a Pyramid

6) How long did it take to build a pyramid?

a. Less than a year b. 5 years

c. 15 years d. 25 years

7) Why did pyramids have fake passages and traps?

a. To keep the Pharaoh`s spirit from leaving the

pyramid.

b. To keep evil spirits from haunting the Pharaoh.

c. To keep robbers from stealing the treasures.

d. All of the above.

8) Why have archaeologists not found the original

treasures in many of the pyramids?

a. Robbers stole them thousands of years ago.

b. Archaeologists kept the treasures for themselves.

c. The traps and hidden passages make it impossible

to find them.

d. The treasures are a myth and never really existed.

9) Which people had burial rooms inside a pyramid?

a. The pharaoh’s servants b. The pharaoh’s wives.

c. Only the Pharaohs. d. All of the above.

10) How tall is the pyramid of Khufu at Giza?

a. 80 feet b. 120 feet

c. 250 feet d. 480 feet

The Nile is the longest river in the world with 4,160 miles.

It begins in Burundi and flows through the northeast of

Africa into the Mediterranean Sea. There are two main

tributaries of the river: the White Nile and the Blue Nile.

Tributaries are smaller rivers that run into one river. The

river is most famous for flowing through Egypt, but it also

runs through ten other African countries. Only 22% of the

Nile flows through Egypt.

In Egypt, the Nile created a green and fertile area. Each

year, around September, the Nile’s banks overflowed and

flooded the surrounding area. The floods left a black and

thick mud that provided excellent soil for farming. The

ancient Egyptian civilization was established along this area.

The river provided a means of transportation, fertile soil

to farm, building materials, and many other things. Without

the Nile, the ancient Egyptians would have never developed

such an advanced society. The Nile no longer floods

because of the construction of the Aswan Dam in the 1960s.

The ancient Egyptian Calendar was based on the Nile. It consists of three seasons with four months per season:

Akhet, Peret, and Shemu. Akhet is the season during which the Nile overflows and floods the surrounding areas.

Peret is the growing season, and Shemu is the season for harvest.

The Nile River was even a part of ancient Egyptian

religion. The people had a Nile god called Hapi.

Whenever a flood occurred, the Egyptians would

thank the Nile god for the fertile soil. They also

believed that the land east of the Nile was associated

with growth and birth. The land west of the river was

associated with death. This is the reason why all of

the pyramids were built west of the Nile.

Feluccas on the Nile

The Nile

1) The Nile River is longer than the Mississippi River.

2) The Nile begins in the Mediterranean Sea and flows toward the

south of Africa.

3) The land east of the Nile is associated with death.

4) The ancient Egyptians hated the Nile because it often flooded

their farmlands.

5) The ancient Egyptians developed a calendar that was based on the

Nile.

6) Hapi was the god of the Nile.

7) The Nile does not flood anymore.

( )

( )

( )

( )

( )

( )

( )

1) The Nile is ________________________ miles long and begins in ________________________ .

2) The Nile has two tributaries: the ________________________ and the ________________________ .

3) The Nile no longer floods since the construction of the ________________________ .

4) The three seasons of the Egyptian calendar are ________________________ , ________________________ , and

________________________ .

Exercise 13: Fill In the gaps.

Exercise 12: Are the following statements true or false?

People who follow Islam are called Muslims. They believe in Allah, which is their

god. The religion is most popular in the Middle East, North Africa and Asia.

Islam is the most dominant religion in Egypt, nearly 90% of its population is

Muslim. The religion was introduced in Egypt in 642 AD, during the the Arab

conquest. Islam is the official state religion, and the country is governed by

Islamic laws (Sharia).

Prophet Muhammad is the founder of Islam. He was born in 570 AD, in Mecca,

Saudi Arabia. He is regarded as the founder of the religion. Muslims believe

that he was the last prophet who was sent by Allah. The first prophet was

Adam. There are no pictures of Muhammad. Muslims believe that the Qur’an

is against it.

Muslims worship at a mosque, which is a place where people gather to study

their religion and worship Allah. Most mosques have a roof which is dome

shaped with towers that are referred to as minarets. Islamic holy men, called muezzins, climb the minaret to call

Muslims to pray. In a mosque, there are no statues or paintings of holy figures. Instead, there are decorations

with patterns and texts from the Qur’an, the holy book. Inside a mosque, there are no places for Muslims to sit,

they use little prayer mats to pray to Allah. When people enter a Mosque, they need to take off their shoes and

wash themselves to keep the place clean for prayer. There are special places where people can put their shoes

and there is a little pool or fountain where people can wash. Women have a separate area in the Mosque and are

not allowed to go to the men’s side.

Islam

Mosque of Ibn Tulun, Cairo

The symbol above

represents Muhammad

The Qur’an is the holy book of Islam; Muslims believe the

Qur’an is the ‘word of God’. All Muslim practices and beliefs

are written in the holy book and it is treated with great

respect. They believe that the book is from Allah, so every

word is considered to be sacred. The Qur’an is often placed

on a special wooden stand when it is being read.

Muslims are required to:

pray five times per day (the times are fixed by the position

of the sun and changes every day).

wash themselves before praying.

face the direction of Mecca while they say their prayers.

Islam has five duties that every Muslim must follow, they are also called the Five Pillars of Islam.

Shahada – This is the main belief of all Muslims and is a declaration of their faith.

Salah – Salah is prayer and all Muslims must pray 5 times a day and follow the specific rituals.

Zakat – Muslims are required to look after people in need. Every follower must give a part of his or her

wealth to help people who really need it.

Hajj – All Muslims have to make a pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in their lifetime.

Saum – During the ninth month of the Islamic calendar, Muslims cannot eat or drink during the daylight

hours. This period is called the Ramadan. The fast is to remind people how difficult it is to be poor and

hungry. It teaches people to think about the essentials of life and not to be greedy.

Qur’an

1) In which country did Islam originate?

________________________________________________

2) In which parts of the world do most Muslims live?

________________________________________________

3) In which place do Muslims worship? How is it

different from a church?

________________________________________________

________________________________________________

4) How many Muslim countries do you know? Write

them down.

________________________________________________

________________________________________________

________________________________________________

5) What is the name of the god for Muslims?

________________________________________________

6) Who is Muhammad?

________________________________________________

________________________________________________

7) How do Muslims pray?

________________________________________________

________________________________________________

8) Why do Muslims wash themselves before going

inside the mosque?

________________________________________________

9) What is Mecca and why is it special to Muslims?

________________________________________________

10) What are the Five pillars of Islam? Write them

down in your own words. ________________________________________________

________________________________________________

________________________________________________

________________________________________________

Exercise 15: The words below are chopped in half. Find the pieces that

fit together and write them down below.

Exercise 14: Answer the questions about Islam.

A page from the Qur’an

Minaret

1) _________________________ 6) _________________________

2) _________________________ 7) _________________________

3) _________________________ 8) _________________________

4) _________________________ 9) _________________________

5) _________________________ 10) ________________________

LAH MUS PRO ZIN QUE

HADA AL LIM MOS CA

QUR LAM MUEZ RET MEC

SHA AN IS PHET MINA

Abu Simbel Abu Simbel is a complex with temples carved out of

rock in the south of Egypt. The temples were built

during the reign of

Pharaoh Ramses the

Great in the 13th

century BC. They were

built as a monument to

the pharaoh and his

wife, Nefertari.

The Great Sphinx The Great Sphinx is a statue that is located near the

Pyramids of Giza. The sculpture has the body of a lion,

the head of a human and represents the god of the Sun,

Ra. It is the largest monumental statue in the world

and is carved out of one

single ridge of limestone. It

is 240 feet long and 66 feet

high. Over time, the Sphinx

has been badly damaged by

natural erosion. It is believed

by experts that the sphinx

originally had a beard.

The Ruins of Karnak The ruins of Karnak are an impressive site in Egypt

and are the largest ancient religious site in the world.

It took several generations of Egyptian builders to

complete the temple near Luxor. Karnak consists of

three major temples together with smaller ones

located around it. The Hypostyle Hall is one of the most

famous part of the complex. This hall is 50,000 square

feet with 134 huge columns.

Valley of the Kings The Valley of the Kings is one of the most famous and

popular tourist attractions in Egypt. It is the burial

place for many important pharaohs. The complex

consists of ancient tombs that were cut into the

limestone of the valley. Visitors of the valley can find

the tombs of Tutankhamen, Ramses the Great,

Hatshepsut and many other kings.

Mosque of Ibn Tulun The Mosque of Ibn Tulun was built in 876 AD and is one

of the oldest mosques in Cairo. The center of the

mosque has a courtyard. The minaret of the mosque

was probably added several hundred years later. The

site is a popular

tourist attraction

in Cairo and is also

featured in the

James Bond movie:

‘The Spy Who

Loved Me’.

Siwa Oasis The Siwa Oasis is located in the Libyan Desert and is

an isolated settlement of 23,000 people. Most of the

people there are ethnic Berbers. The ancient town is

situated on an old trading route and was most

prosperous during the time of the Roman Empire.

After the Roman Empire

collapsed, Siwa’s decline

began. In recent decades,

however, it has become a

popular destination for

tourists.

Attractions

1) The Great Sphinx is a burial tomb for

pharaoh.

2) The Siwa Oasis is located in Libya.

3) Abu Simbel is the burial tomb for Pharaoh

Ramses the Great.

4) The Pharaohs built the mosque of Ibn

Tulun.

5) Karnak is the oldest ancient religious

complex in the world.

Exercise 16: Are the following statements true or false?

Exercise 18: Which attraction in Egypt would you like

to visit most? Explain.

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

1) bin ntuul _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

The oldest mosque in Cairo.

2) asioteld _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

The Siwa Oasis is an … settlement.

3) kknara _ _ _ _ _ _

The largest ancient religious site in the world.

4) lrauib _ _ _ _ _ _

The Valley of the Kings are a … place for the pharaohs.

5) bua selmbi _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

A monument for Pharaoh Ramses the Great.

Exercise 17: Unscramble the words. Hints are given below.

6) Karnak is famous for its massive columns.

7) The Valley of the Kings is the burial tomb

for many pharaohs.

8) The ancient Egyptians worshipped at the

temples of Luxor.

( )

( )

( )

( )

( )

Columns of the Ruins of Karnak

( )

( )

( )

Exercise 19: Unscramble the words. Hints are given below.

1) myumm _ _ _ _ _

A dead body that has been preserved.

2) trmiosu _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Egypt’s main source of income.

3) carbia _ _ _ _ _ _

The language that is spoken in Egypt.

4) craoi _ _ _ _ _

The capital of Egypt.

Exercise 21: The words below are chopped in half. Find the pieces that fit

together and write them down below.

MID AOH AFTER LIM

SES PRO MUS OSI

LIFE PYRA PHAR RIS

RAM KAR PHET NAK

1) ___________________ 4) ___________________ 7) ___________________

2) ___________________ 5) ___________________ 8) ___________________

3) ___________________ 6) ___________________

Reflection

5) rlsiea _ _ _ _ _ _

Egypt borders … to the east.

6) basar _ _ _ _

… make up a large part of Egypt’s population.

7) sauaezncl _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

A waterway that connects the Red Sea and the

Mediterranean Sea.

8) ritniab _ _ _ _ _ _ _

A country that had control of Egypt in the part.

1) Into which two geographic regions can Egypt be

divided?

______________________________________________

2) Why did the ancient Egyptians build pyramids?

______________________________________________

Exercise 20: Answer the questions below.

3) Name three pharaohs.

______________________________________________

4) How long is the Nile?

________________________

Exercise 22: Match the words with the pictures and find them in the word search.

( ) Great Sphinx

( ) Pyramids

( ) Muslim

( ) Egyptian God

( ) Qur’an

( ) Mosque

( ) Nile

( ) Mummy

( ) Hieroglyphs

( ) Islam

( ) Tourism

( ) Pharaoh

10

1

6

5 4

12

7

2

8 3 11 9

H M L D Z H Y V J Q P K N C Y

Y D X Q I P M L H O C F D S L

G Z M N C Z F E N F P A M T F

M Q U V I A S H Z P S C W D V

E R S F S H P Y L G O R E I H

E E L E G Y P T I A N G O D J

T Y I E L I N S Q P D X A V T

U S M T I S E N T H Q M A C O

Y H W M N L P Y R A M I D S U

O M H G U A Q V Y R E P X I R

E U Q S O M R C D A G R A F I

O Z P W F N X U A O X P G V S

M Z T J Q A W F Q H T G N E M