Introduction

Identification and Modeling of Critical Success factors in a

Humanitarian Supply Chain

Presented by:Rachita GuptaVijayta Fulzele

Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi

Disruption in the effective conduct of operations of an individual, system, organisation or nation. It may result into loss of infrastructure, resources and human lives.

Types of Disaster :

Introduction

Required to identify and implement some measures in order to reduce the occurrence or rather impact of disaster, as much as possible.

Identification of Critical Success Factors (CSFs)

Need to Identify measures

Preparedness : ◦ Before disaster hits.◦ To avoid the gravest possible consequences of a disaster.

Response◦ Immediate response sub-phase. ◦ Restore sub-phase.

Recovery◦ Rehabilitation operations for a long-term perspective. ◦ Post-Disaster.

Mitigation◦ To retain social and economic conditions.◦ To reduce destruction level by implementing various laws and mechanisms.

Stages of Disaster Management

Critical Success Factors

Critical Success Factors Information and Technology Utilization: Crucial as it directly impacts the speed of the

response at the time of relief operations and enables better coordination between the actors.

Continuous improvement: Process of benchmarking in which processes and performances of relief operations are evaluated and implemented by comparing it with the best practices from the previous relief operations.

Effective utilisation of resources: It depends upon the collaborative working of disparate teams with a common goal.

Strategic Planning: A long-term approach is adopted which allows an organisation to be prepared for what must be done when an emergency occurs (Long, 1997).

Distribution Strategy: Time and cost are major constraints in emergency relief operations. For the same, it is quite important to adopt some of the standard distribution strategies, such as: Direct shipping, Cross-docking, and Centralized warehouse.

Minimisation of loss of human lives: The objective of the disaster relief operation is always linked to how quickly and conveniently the resources reach the affected people (Roy et al., 2012).

Transport and capacity planning: Transportation is not just about transferring material, it also involves other aspects such as: selecting transport mode, capacity scheduling, maintenance, and intermodality (Pettit, 2009).

Disaster Assessment: Pre-warning system helps in providing the information regarding volume and intensity of disaster that could affect the human lives and infrastructure as well.

Risk Mitigation: Three levels of risk management: Strategic organisational, systematic operational, and dynamic operational. Organisations should adopt a formalised approach towards risk mitigation.

Prompt Response: The challenges include physical destruction, which limits logistical pathways and constrained resources, which limit funding during the disaster.

Restoration: Post-disaster recovery planning can be thought of as providing a blueprint for the restoration of a community after a disaster occurs. This can be done through long and short-term strategies.

Contd…

1.Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) - Depicts hierarchical relationships between various variables identified and produces structural models from poorly articulated mental models so as to make it more visible and well- defined.

Steps:◦ Development of Structural Self Interaction Matrix (SSIM).◦ Constructing Initial Reachability Matrix◦ Constructing Final Reachability Matrix.◦ Level Partitions.◦ Creation of ISM based model (Diagraph).

2.MICMAC Analysis - To classify and analyse the critical success factors on the basis of their driving and dependence power. Positioning of factors within four clusters of a graph.

Clusters:◦ First cluster : Weak driver power and weak dependence (autonomous).◦ Second cluster : Weak driver power but strong dependence (dependent).◦ Third cluster : Strong driving power and also strong dependence (linkage).◦ Fourth cluster : Strong driving power but weak dependence (independent).

Identification and Modeling

Level partitions

I. Outcome of ISM Results

II. Outcome of MICMAC : Graphical representation

This research paper has considered only limited number of critical success factors. In real situation, there can be few other critical success factors that may impact the HSCM.

Also, the ISM model developed can be statistically validated using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) which has a capability to test the already developed hypothetical model.

The consistency among the expert opinions can also be validated using Kappa technique.

Future Scope

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 Beamon B.M., Balcik B., (2008) “Performance measurement in humanitarian relief chains”, International Journal of Public Sector Management” ,vol. 21, pp4-25.

 Chopra, S., & Meindl, P., (2004) “Supply Chain Management, Strategy, Planning, and Operations 2nd ed. Pearson Education International, USA.

Cozzolino, A. (2012). “Humanitarian Logistics – Cross-Sector Cooperation in Disaster Relief Management”, SpringerBriefs in Business.

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References

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Thank You